SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health

Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health SIS ISSN 0971 - 6610 Official Publication of the Somatic Inkblot Society Editorial : SIS Portraits of the Inner Mental

1-2 Pooling of Interpretations Wilfred A. Cassell Dependency, Narcissism and Rorschach: A Discussion based on the 3-7 Results of an Empirical Study Rui C. Campos Rorschach Thought Disorders in various Psychiatric Conditions 8-12 Deapti Mishra, Ranjeet Kumar and Jai Prakash Depression among Adolescents: Role of Self Efficacy and Parenting Style 13-17 Hardeep Lal Joshi, Mandeep Sharma and Rajesh Kumar Mehra Psychological distress associated with Fractures of Upper and 18-23 Lower Limbs Suprakash Chaudhury, P.S. Murthy, Indrajeet Banerjee, Shantana Kumari, Sowmya K. Sukumaran and Rohita Vikash SIS Detection of Invisible Imagery in Bipolar Depression 24-31 Radhe Shyam, Wilfred A. Cassell and Bankey L.Dubey Comparison of Psychometric Characteristics of Rorschach and 32-36 Cassell's Projective Techniques Anatoly, B. Khromov Rorschach Profile of Schizophrenia and Depression 37-40 Richa Priyamvada, Sapna Kumari, R. Ranjan, Jai Prakash, Amool R. Singh, S. Chaudhury Emotional Intelligence and Personality Pathology of Adolescents 41-45 affected with Internalizing Symptoms Anupama Shrivastava and Anjana Mukhopadhyay Adoption of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in probing of Unconscious 46-50 Dynamics: A case report Moon Moon Dutta and Nilanjana Sanyal SIS –II Profile of Mentally Retarded Children 51-54 Sarika Alreja, Deepak K. Mishra, Mittu M.Varghese, K. S. Sengar & A. R. Singh Correlation between Rorschach and SIS-I Indices in Normal Group 55-57 D. Kumar and R. Kumar Content Validity of SIS-I and SIS-II Booklet Version 58-59 Wilfred A. Cassell and Bankey L. Dubey Living Images and Psychotherapy: A Case Study 60-61 Wilfred A. Cassell, Padma Dwivedi and B.L. Dubey Quality of Life in Schizophrenia and its Relationship with Age of onset 62-65 and Duration of illness Arif Ali, N. Kujur, Masroor Jahan, A. N. Verma and Amool R.Singh SIS Portraits for Interpretative Blog Input 66-67 Wilfred A.Cassell Membership Directory 68-88 World Painted by Blog Volume 16, Number 1 January, 2009 Volume 16, Number 1, Pgs. 1-88, SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health 2009

SIS JOURNAL OF PROJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH is a refereed journal and published twice a year (January, July) by the SOMATIC INKBLOT SOCIETY and is devoted to the advancement of research in the areas of projective psychology, personality assessment, psychotherapy and mental health. The journal is broadly concerned with the development of inkblot tests and personality assessment in clinical, counseling, cross-cultural, organizational and health psychology settings. It aims to reach clinical psychologists, psychotherapists, psychiatrists, social workers, medical professionals and professional managers interested in the understanding and modification of human behaviour. The journal includes (a) research articles (b) book reviews (c) brief reports (d) news about conferences etc. and letters to the editor. MANUSCRIPTS PREPARATION: Manuscripts should be typewritten (double-spaced throughout) submitted through E-mail or in CD to B.L. Dubey, Ph.D. Editor Emeritus, SIS Journal, E-mail:sisdubey@rediffmail.com. or sisdubey@yahoo.com with a copy to Amool Ranjan Singh, Ph.D. Editor In Chief and Head, Dept. of Clinical Psychology,RINPAS,Kanke,Ranchi-834006. E-mail:editor_ sis@rediffmail.com & sisamool@yahoo.com, Mob 91- 9431592734.The Editors reserve the right to refuse manuscript submitted and to make minor additions/deletions. Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the Journal of Personality Assessment/ SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health. SUBSCRIPTION: The journal is free to members of the Society, Annual membership fees are US $50 for foreign members and Rs. 300, for Indian members, Institutional subscriptions are US $100. for Foreign institutions and Rs. 1000 for Indian institutions. Life membership is US $400 for foreign members and Rs. 2500/- for Indian members. Indian institutional life membership is Rs. 10,000/-. Non-members may subscribe for $60 or Rs. 250 per issue. Cheques should be made payable to “SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health” and should reach Amool Ranjan Singh, Ph.D. Editor In Chief. Members in foreign countries should send the cheque to B.L. Dubey, Ph.D. Editor Emeritus, 4406 Forest Road, Anchorage, AK-99517 (USA) Please add $10/ Rs.50/- if you are sending subscription through cheque. CHANGE OF ADDRESS. Society/journal members should inform B.L. Dubey Ph.D, Director SIS Centre, Email : sisdubey@rediffmail.com of any change of mailing address. Copyright @ 1994. SOMATIC INKBLOT CENTRE, India/ Anchorage U.S.A. Website: http://www.somaticinkblots.com OFFICE BEARERS President : B. L. Dubey (USA) Vice President : Brig. D.Saldanha (India) Gen. Secretary : Masroor Jahan (India) Joint Secretary : P.K.Singh (India) Treasurer : Mrs. Padma Dwivedi (USA) Executive Members : Wilfred A. Cassell (USA) Nalinini Mishra (India) Mridula Mishra (India) Arcahna Singh (India) K. S. Sengar (India) Manisha Kiran (India) Mary Cassell (USA) Asheem Dubey (USA) George Savage (S.Africa) Mrs. Silvia Daini (Italy) Somatic Inkblot Society

Abstracted in “APA’s PsycINFO “ Regd. No. 71632/99, RNI Delhi SIS JOURNAL OF PROJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY & MENTAL HEALTH Volume 16 Number 1 January 2009 EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS : Kristian Aleman, Ph.D., Sweden John Baby, Ph.D., India Mahesh Bhargava, Ph.D., India K.R.Banerjee. MRCR India Saugata Basu, Ph.D., India Carina Coulacoglou, Ph.D., Greece N. G. Desai, M. D., India Philip Greenway, Ph.D, Australia D.K. Giri, M.D., India M. Jahan, Ph.D., India Arvind Keshary, Ph.D, India Anatoly B. Khromov, Ph.D. Russia Devvrat Kumar, Ph.D. India H. Kumar, Ph.D. USA R. Kumar, Ph.D. India Sudhir Kumar, M.D. India A. S. Kundu, Ph.D., India RamJee Lal, Ph.D. lndia Anu S. Lather, Ph.D., India Lisa Milne, Ph.D., Australia Mridula Mishra, Ph.D., India Nalini Mishra, Ph.D., India Paola Nicolini, M.A., Italy Paul E. Panek, Ph.D., U.S.A. Edward M. Petrosky, Ph.D., U.S.A. Marisa Porecca, Ph.D., Italy Stefano Reschini, M.A, Italy Barry A. Ritzier, Ph.D., U.S.A. D. Saldanha, M.D., India Nilanjana Sanyal, Ph.D., India K. S. Sengar, Ph.D., India D. K. Sharma, MHA, India T.R.Shukla.Ph.D.India Radhe Shyam, Ph.D.lndia Archana Singh, Ph.D., India R.N. Singh, Ph.D., India David Sperbeck, Ph.D., U.S.A. Ajay K. Srivastava, Ph.D., India Kalpana Srivastava, Ph.D., India Ramjee Srivastava, Ph.D., India Ailo Uhinki, Ps.D., Finland Yasho V. Verma, Ph.D., India EDITORS EMERITUS : Wilfred A. Cassell, MD, Director, SIS Center, 4501E, 104th Avenue, Anchorage, AK.99516 (USA). E-Mail: siscassell2@yahoo.com Bankey L. Dubey, Ph.D., Director SIS Centre, 4406 Forest Road, Anchorage, AK 99517 (USA) E-mail: sisdubey@redrffmail.com, bldubey@gmail.com, Cell : 907-250-8834, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF : Amool Ranjan Singh, Ph.D. Prof. & Head, Dept. of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS,Kanke,Ranchi- 834006 (India). Tel. : 91-651-2233687(H), Mob.:91 -9431592734, E-mail:sisamool@yahoo.com EDITORS : Suprakash Chaudhury, MD, Ph.D., Prof. & Head, Dept. of Psychiatry, RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi- 834006 (India). Mob.:91-09334386496, E-mail: suprakashch@gmail.com Anand Dubey.B.E., MBA, SIS Centre, 4406 Forest Road, Anchorage, AK 99517 (USA), E-Mail: anand. dubey@gmail.com Padma Dwivedi, M.A., 4406 Forest Road, Anchorage, AK 99517 (USA), E-mail: sisdubey@ yahoo.com Jai Prakash,Ph.D., Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, Dept. of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi-834006, (India). Cell: 91- 9934582290, E-mail: drjaiprakashrinpas@rediffmail. com Umed Singh, Ph.D., Dept. of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, (India). Email Umedsingh_78@yahoo.com. Tel: 91- 1744-238267(H), Cell: 91-9416511077

SIS JOURNAL OF PROJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH : AN ACHIEVEMENT Members of Somatic Inkblot Soceity will be glad to know that SIS Jr. of Projective Psychology and Mental Health has been listed by World Health Organisation (Global Forum for Health Research) among 25 indexed journals that have published the highest number of articles on mental health from LMICs in Latin America, Africa and Asia (Medline and PsycINFO). Extract from table-6 of “Research Capacity for Mental Health in Low - and Middle - Income Countries : Results of a Mapping Project “ (www.globalforumhealth.org) is given below : Rank Journal Country Language Revista de Psicoanalisis Argentina Spanish Revista de Neurologia Spain Spanish Revista Brasileria de Psiquiatria Brazil Enlgish, Portuguese, Spanish Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Brazil Portuguese Acta Psiquiatrica y psicologica de Amercia Laina Argentina Spanish Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand Thailand English, Thai British Journal of Psychiatry United Kingdom English Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Denmark English Salud Mentale Mexico Spanish Vertex Argentina Spanish Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies India English Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology Germany English Revista Medica de Chile Chile Spanish South African Journal of Psychology South Africa Afrikaans, English Psychological Reports USA English South African Medical Journal South Africa Afrikaans, English The Australian & New Zealand Jr. of Psychiatry Australia English International Journal of Social Psychiatry United Kingdom English Psychiatry Research Ireland English Social Science & Medicine United Kingdom Engish Revista De Saude Publica Brazil Portuguese International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry United Kingdom English SIS Jr. of Projective Psychology and Mental Health India English Jornal Brasilerio de Psiquiatria Brazil Portuguese Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Australia English

“In this cold commodity culture Where you lay your money down It’s hard to even notice That all this earth is hallowed ground… The gift keeps moving Never knows where it’s going to land You must stand back and let it Keep on changing hands.” SIS projective technology harnesses the projective pulling power of hypnotically presented ambiguous visual color-form stimuli. The viewer is uninhibited by social acceptability restrictions of the test administrator’s presence. What is projected onto the SIS answer sheet fl ows from mental depths. The released responses represent recollections of the real outer world subjectively blended with hidden inner world imaginations, fantasies, dreams and psychophysiologic based body percepts. The severely mentally disturbed may protectively reveal in direct or symbolic form residual pathological material from dissociated fl ashbacks, hallucinations, somatic delusions etc. In this group as well, clinicians may fi rst detect otherwise unreported aggressive impulses projected symbolically in SIS scenes depicting weapons and/or acts of violence. For those inkblots having minimal structure, the imagery that spontaneously emerges typically refl ects the responder’s idiosyncratic mental symptoms and “Inner cry“. The pathological responses evoked by more structured SIS inkblots refl ect an interaction between the optics and neurophysiology of visual perception with that of traumatic memory storage and projection imagination. A feature of this edition of our journal involves a revisiting of SIS content validity. Two of the studies dating back to 1978 and 1988 are primarily of historical interest. One of these outlines the original conceptual background for designing B19. The third is a recent study demonstrating the consistency of projective profi les between the Rorschach and the SIS. Such validity work is essential for establishing a solid numerical foundation for future statistically based investigations. Yet they need replication with more rigorous methods of projective research design. Issues pertaining to SIS validity and reliability need further examination by behavioral scientists and clinical investigators independent from our society. These need to be planned in association with modern techniques for concurrently monitoring neurophysiologic correlates of projective awareness. For many experienced SIS clinicians such additional body-mind research may seem unnecessary. Interpreting the projected symbolic material in psychotherapy may be quite straightforward. While interpretatively helpful tables of normative responses are being catalogued in a SIS data bank, classifying culturally colored symbolic responses sometimes introduces a degree of ambiguity. Such therapeutic interpretative ambiguities are analogous to those encountered in analyzing dreams. One scoring problem concerns the practical diffi culties of mathematically defi ning the specifi c language limits of any dream sequence. With regard to inkblot analysis, Wayne Holtzman attempted to improve on the Rorschach by limiting “one” response to “one” inkblot. While this approach may make mathematical sense to ivory tower statisticians, the scoring system frequently breaks down in clinical practice. There are inherent diffi culties in defi ning the limits of a series of word pictures evoked by any one particular blot. For example, a Bipolar patient in a hypomanic phase may be capable of rapidly fl ooding multiple images onto any particular Holtzman card. In such an example, it often becomes unclear where the descriptive phrase describing the fi rst response worthy of symbolic scoring ends. Like in dream sequences, the fl ow of inkblot projected imagery may be rapidly changing. Consequently in clinical settings, the notion of quantifying “one” response for “one” Holtzman inkblot often proves numerically invalid. With the SIS scoring system, the administrator has an theoretically important additional opportunity for assessing the validity of projected symbols. This is derived from the responder’s subjective affect rating of the 62 SIS stimuli on the “Three Most Liked” to “The Three Least Liked” scale. Beginning the detailed enquiry with the favorite ones can reduce the responder’s anxiety while concurrently providing informative data. This can set therapeutic stage for processing highly relevant memories historically traceable to triggering stressful events related to the mental condition’s onset. If these events have led to recurrent stressful dreams, this provides an additional interview opportunity to review, cognitively correct and emotional reprocess pathological memories. Some therapist may elect to employ an additional technique for identifying the SIS stimulus with the most therapeutic potential. This is done by having the subject view the electronic series just prior to bedtime. Editorial SIS Portraits of the Inner Mental World Painted by Blog Pooling of Interpretations

It capitalizes on the well known fact that affect laden day residual is ordinarily reprocessed in subsequent dreaming. When this additional therapeutic strategy is incorporated into a SIS guided treatment plan, in the instance of long forgotten severely stressful events, pathologic material may be released from long term memory. When this technique is used, it is essential for the therapist to have an after hours emergency call system as well as to schedule a therapy session for the following morning. Another interpretative issue concerns the fundamental fact that the professional examiner is also a human being- albeit intelligent and professionally trained in projective principles. Yet most of us wear emotionally colored glasses which sometimes can impair symbol interpretation. Even a therapist effi cient in dream interpretation needs another professional opinion in interpreting his/her own dreams. Self analysis of dream material is only effective up to the point of the professional’s own blocking defense mechanisms. Just as a therapeutically operating group may often be better in analyzing any one member’s dreams, multiple independent SIS trained male and female reviewers are more likely to squeeze the least culturally biased meaning from word pictures on a SIS answer sheet. Hence the need to develop and refi ne a clarifying Blog like interpretative approach in our internet connected SIS society. As previously promised last month‘s SIS journal, this edition will present one clinical case for readers to interpret in a section entitled: “SIS INNER WORLD PORTRAITS”. We invite you to contribute your interpretations, comments and suggestions through e- mail to siscassell2@yahoo.com My hope is to develop this Blog consistent with the philosophy espoused at this editorial’s beginning by the Canadian singer-songwriter Bruce Cockburn song “Gifts”. This song was inspired by the poet, philosopher, translator and scholar Lewis Hyde, in Hyde’s 1983 book entitled the same. Hyde’s original thinking subsequently served as a stimulus for the examination of issues related to ownership, copyrights, of intellectual properties in a market economy. According to Daniel Smith in the Nov 16th 2008 issue of The New York Times Magazine there has evolved from Hyde’s original conceptualization concerning “The public life of the imagination” to consideration of ownership in “The cultural commons”. This transformation in thinking has outgrown from the sharing of knowledge in this internet age. Consistent with this, I am currently are attempting to establish a review of this society’s “GIFTS” under the category “Projective Tests” in Wikipedia - a free information site at http:// www. Wikipedia.com Wilfred A. Cassell, MD, FAPA, APC, Director, SIS Center, Editor Emeritus, SIS Journal 4501E, 104th Avenue, Anchorage, Alaska - 99516 (USA). E-Mail : siscassell2@yahoo.com 2 Cassell

Anaclitic or oral/dependent personality characteristics have been extensively discussed in the psychoanalytic literature and considered to constitute a vulnerability to the occurrence of depressive episodes, in the same way, as the introjective or anal/ obsessive characteristics (Ryder et al, 2002). Chodoff (1972), for example, has hypothesised a vulnerability relationship between oral dependent character described in the psychoanalytic literature and major depressive disorder. In Sidney Blatt’s conceptualization, dependency can be seen as a type of depression or of depressive experiences and also as personality style that can be considered vulnerability or risk factor to depression (Blatt (1974, 1990, 2004; Blatt, DÁffl itti and Quinlan, 1976; Blatt and Zuroff, 1992). Individuals with a dependent personality style are vulnerable to experience depressive states when stress-full life events occur. They are mostly sensitive to disturbing interpersonal events. When depressed, individuals with a dependent personality style present anaclitic depressions. This type of vulnerability has its origin in an earlier moment of development than the other personality style conceptualized by Blatt, the introjective, resulting from a specifi c type of disturbed relationship with parents. Dependent individuals value and are mostly concern with intimacy and harmony in their interpersonal relationships. They usually feel very gratifi ed with the presence of others. They tend to be passive and to inhibit aggressive expressions and all behaviors they feel that can compromise or disturb relationships’ harmony. In the absence of others they tend to feel week and helpless. They usually do not feel devaluated. Dependent individuals use mostly avoiding defensive mechanisms as denial or repression (Blatt, 1974, 1990, 2004; Blatt and Blass, 1992, Blatt et al., 1976; Blatt and Homann, 1992; Blatt and Maroudas, 1992; Blatt et al, 1979, 1982; Blatt and Zuroff, 1992; Chevron et al, 1978). Blatt’s perspective about personality dimensions goes beyond their relation with depression (Blatt and Maroudas, 1992). Initially Blatt (1974) distinguished an anaclitic depression from an introjective depression, but more recently, he generalised this distinction to defi ne two primary confi gurations of psychopathology (Blatt and Shichman, 1983) - anaclitic confi guration and introjective confi guration. The distinction between an anaclitic confi guration and an introjective confi guration is also extensive to normal development (Blatt and Blass, 1990, 1992, 1996), in a dimensional perspective of personality, psychopathology and psychological development. There are several studies in the literature concerned to the manifestations of oral or dependent characteristics of personality in the Rorschach (Bornstein et al,1985) and some authors have proposed variables or indexes that mark the presence of such characteristics, as was the case of Exner and Sendin (1998). These authors have stated that a constellation of variables were specifi cally related to the presence of dependent traits: a low value of the Egocentricity Index (EgoIndex), a high value of the Sum of Texture responses (Sum T), a number of passive movement responses higher than the number of active movement responses plus one (p>a+1), the presence of food content responses (Fd>0) and a high number of popular responses (P). According to Exner and Sendin (1998), variable Ego is a measure of the degree in witch an individual is selfcentered, and it is said that its value tend to be low in a dependent individual. As far as variable SumT concerns, it is related to proximity and emotional contact need. When a high value is obtained it suggests the presence of passive-dependent traits. Variable p>(a+1) indicates a passive attitude, but not necessarily submissive in interpersonal relationships. Dependency, Narcissism and Rorschach: A Discussion based on the Results of an Empirical Study Rui C. Campos The present exploratory study evaluates the presence of dependent characteristics of personality (a low value of the Egocentricity Index (Ego Index), a high value of the Sum of texture responses (Sum T), a number of passive movement responses higher than the number of active movement responses plus one (p>a+1), the presence of food content responses (Fd>0) and a high number of popular responses (P)), refl ect the presence of the dependent personality style defi ned and studied by Sidney Blatt (1974, 1990, 2004; Blatt, DÁffl itti and Quinlan, 1976; Blatt & Zuroff, 1992) on a small non clinical sample as considered by Exner and Sendin (1998).. The Rorschach Test was administer to 20 participants, 10 with a dependent style and 10 without a dependent style, defi ned by the results on the Portuguese version (Campos, 2000a, 2000b) of Blatt et al, (1976, 1979) Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. The Rorschach was administered and coded according to Rorschach Comprehensive System guidelines (Exner, 2003). Only the Egocentricity Index correlated positively and signifi cantly with the presence of dependent style, contrarily to what would be expected following the reference of Exner and Sendin that is a low value of this index that is characteristic of the presence of dependent characteristics. On the basis of this result the author discusses the relationship between dependency and narcissism and also discusses about the mental functioning of the dependent individual. Rui C. Campos, Ph.D, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Évora, Apartado 94, 7002- 554 Évora. PORTUGAL, Tel: ++ 351 266 768 050, Fax: ++ 351 266 768 073, E-mail rcampos@uevora..pt Key Words: Rorschach, Comprehensive System, dependency, dependent style, narcissism

It is a variable that refl ects the passive-receptive wishes and needs of the dependent individuals Variable Fd>0 marks an evident dependency in the individual relationships and the presence of oral traits. Persons that present food content responses are usually very dependent, naively expecting the others to fi nd out solutions for all of their problems. Finally when in a protocol a high number of popular responses is obtained, it indicates signs of high conventionality, from whom has the need to behave according to what is expected from him or her, feeling bad when he or she does not do it. This attitude, according to Exner and Sendin, is a characteristic of dependent individuals. The goal of the present study was to evaluate if the Comprehensive system variables, referred by Exner and Sendin (1998) as indicating, according to some values, the presence of dependent traits, correlate with the presence of Blatt’s dependent style in a non clinical sample. Materials and Method: The initial participant sample (submitted to the selection procedure for the Rorschach administration) was a convenience sample composed by 359 female college students (mean age = 20.3 years). The majority of the students belong to Caucasian race. Rorschach was administered and scored following Rorschach Comprehensive System (SIR, 2003, 2005) using the Portuguese version (Campos, 2000a, 200b) The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ) (Blatt et al., 1976; Blatt, D’Affl itti and Quinlan, 1979) in Portuguese version (Campos, 2000a, 2000b) was administered. Results of internal consistency and factorial structure were quite similar to those obtained by Blatt (Blatt et al., 1976, Blatt, D’Affl itti et al., 1979; Zuroff, Quinlan and Blatt, 1990). The principal component analysis has revealed the same tree factors as the original version. Some other evidences of the questionnaire validity were also obtained (Campos, 2000a, 2000b). The DEQ. was initially constructed to measure depressive experiences in non clinical populations (Blatt and Zuroff, 1992). It provides results for three scales or factors, developed from the principal component analysis conducted with the original standardization sample of American college students (Blatt et al., 1976; Blatt, D’Affl itti et al., 1979). Factor one was labeled dependency and factor two was labeled self-criticism. In addition to these two principal factors, consistent with the two depressive dimensions previously presented by Blatt (1974), factorial analysis revealed one more factor, labeled effi cacy. Individuals with high scores on this scale tend to present goal oriented strivings, but not an excessive competition with others. Procedure: The DEQ was administered to the initial sample of female college students in groups ranging from 18 to 50. The investigation was presented as a personality study and the participation was voluntary. The selection of participants for the Rorschach administration was conducted by the extreme groups’ methodology (e. g. Mongrain, Vettese, Shuster and Kendal, 1998). Our methodology was quite similar to the one used by other researchers (Fuhr and Shean, 1992; Mongrain et al., 1998; Mongrain and Zuroff, 1994, 1995; Santor, Zuroff, Mongrain and Fielding, 1997; Zuroff, Igreja and Mongrain 1990; Zuroff and Lorimier, 1989; Zuroff and Mongrain, 1987; Zuroff, Moskowitz, Wielgus, Powers and Franko, 1983). This methodology made possible to form two groups: a group with a dependent personality style (group 1), non dependent group, or control group (group 2). To belong to group 1, participants must have obtained a result equal or above the fi rst quartile of DEQ dependency scale and a result under the fi rst quartile of self-criticism scale. To belong to group 2, participants must have obtained results under the fi rst quartile of both scales of DEQ. Ten participants from each group were randomly selected for the Rorschach administration that occurred 12 weeks, in average, after the administration of the DEQ. To control for the infl uence of previous knowledge in the administration of Rorschach, it was assured that the author did not know to which group participants belonged. Protocols were coded by the author and an inter-rater reliability study was conducted. 33% of the protocols were coded by the author and by a colleague. It was calculated the agreement percentages for the various response segments, which are presented in Table 1, following the methodology proposed by Exner (1991; Exner, Kinder and Curtiss, 1995). It can be concluded that all the agreement percentages fall into values recommended by Exner. Table 1 Inter-ratter agreement percentages for Rorschach response segments Response segments Agreement percentage Location + Developmental quality 93.2% Determinants 85.7% Form quality 86.8% Pairs 95.7% Contends (principals) 91.0% Contends (secondary) 93.1% Popular 97.8% Organizational activity 95.7% Special scores Critical 92.1% Special scores Not critical 97.7% 4 Campos

Results: Correlation values between the variable presence of a dependent personality style and the relevant Rorschach variables were calculated. Besides the fi ve mentioned variables, the two variables that compose the Egocentricity Index (Fr+rF and (2)) were also considered. These values are presented in Table 2. Table 2 Correlation Values between Rorschach & the sence of a Dependent Personality Style Rorschach variable r Ego Index 0,46 ** P -0,03 Fd>0 0,33 p>a+1 0,31 SumT 0,00 Fr+rF 0,42 * (2) 0,23 *p<0,10, ** p<0,05. Discussion: According to the results, variables SumT and P seem little relevant regarding their relation with the presence of the dependent personality style. As far as variable SumT concerns, however, it has a low frequency regardless of the group. Otherwise, the percentage of texture responses tend to be very low in Portuguese samples compared with American samples, both in adults and children (Pires, 2000; Silva, Campos and Dias, 20001). To what variable P concerns, it should be noted that according to Exner and Sendin (1998) the hipper-conventionality is typical of individuals with dependent traits. We disagree with this statement in a conceptual point of view. We can not think why dependent persons must be necessarily conventional; they can hipper-adapt themselves to others without being conventional. As far as variables p>a+1 and Fd>0 concern, despite they correlate moderately with the presence of the dependent style, the values are not signifi cant, probably because of the small number of participants. A high positive correlation with the presence of a dependent style was expected. It is the variable Ego Index that correlates in the opposite way regarding what would be expected according to Exner and Sendin (1998). It correlates positively with the presence of the dependent style, being the only variable that presents a signifi cant correlation value. According to Exner (2003), Ego Index is a measure of self-focus and of the individual’s preoccupations with him or herself, and it is said that this variable tend to present low values in dependent individuals. There are two possible explanations, not necessarily mutually exclusive, for the present result. The fi rst one is that Ego Index is not a valid measure of self-focus and narcissism (Nezworski and Wood, 1995). The other explanation is that dependent individuals do present a narcissistic dimension or trait in their personalities and are in fact self-centered and preoccupied with their needs. It is important therefore, on the basis of this result to think about the relationship between dependency and narcissism and about the psychological functioning of dependent individuals. The passivity and apparent preoccupation of dependent people with others may only refl ect their immaturity, egocentricity and the need for gratifi cation and to maintain internal structure and self-esteem, using others for this purpose. Chodoff (1972), states precisely that “interpersonal dependency is measured by the degree to witch a person’s self-esteem is maintained more or less exclusively by the approval and support of other persons…” (pp. 670-71). The object would not be invested for what he or she is, but differently by what he or she can provide to the person, on the basis of the degree in witch he or she can satisfy the person’s needs. So, it can be inferred the narcissistic trait or dimension of the dependent person. Otherwise, it is the refl ex responses that tend to signifi cantly correlate with the presence of the dependent style, responses that are usually considered as having the mark of the narcissistic dimension or trait of personality. It is important to quote the study of Bornstein et al. (1985), despite the authors have used a male sample. They have studied the relationship between dependency, measured by DEQ scale and the orality, measured by the Rorschach Oral Dependency Scale (ROD Scale, Masling, Rabie and Blondheim, 1967) in male college not clinically depressed. They have obtained a signifi cant correlation between dependency and orality, measured by the Rorschach. They have concluded that the relationship between dependency and orality is more complex and diffi cult to explain than is often suggested. Based on the correlations between the DEQ items and ROD Scale result, they conclude that the traits that best characterize oral personality are probably not a dependent and helplessness orientation, but are mostly related with two central themes: egocentricity and doubts about self integration and also an excessive vulnerability to rejection and critic On the other hand, in a object representation developmental point of view, comparing to selfcritical individuals, dependent individuals tend to be in an earlier developmental level, mostly describing the object in sensory-motor terms, describing the characteristics of the object that are relevant for the satisfaction of the individual needs (Blatt, 2004; Quinlan, Blatt, Chevron and Wein, 1992) Dependency, Narcissism and Rorschach 5

To fi nish this paper is important to state that the obtained results should be considered carefully. This is only an exploratory study with a small sample. Results consistency should be addressed in future studies, that should try to replicate the present results with a larger sample, both of female but also of male individuals. Acknowledgement : I would like to thank Prof. Rosa Novo for her collaboration. References: Blatt, S. (1974). Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 29, 107-157. Blatt, S. J. (1990). Interpersonal relatedness and selfdefi nition: Two primary confi gurations and their implications for psychopathology and psychotherapy. In J. L. Singer (Ed.), Repression and dissociation: Implications for personality theory, psychopathology, and health (pp. 299- 335). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Blatt, S. J. (2004). Experiences of depression: Theoretical, research and clinical perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Blatt, S. J. and Blass, R. B. (1990). Attachment and separateness: A dialectic model of the products and processes of development throughout the life cycle. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 45, 107-127. Blatt, S. J. and Blass, R. B. (1992). Relatedness and self-defi nition: Two primary dimensions in personality development, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. In J. W. Barron, M. N. Eagle & D. L. Wolitzky (Eds.), Interface of Psychoanalysis and Psychology (pp. 399-428). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Blatt, S. J. and Blass, R. B. (1996). Relatedness and self-defi nition: A dialectic model of Personality Development. In G. G. Noam & K. W. Fischer (Eds.), Development and vulnerabilities in close relationships (pp. 309-338). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Blatt, S., D’Affl itti, J. and Quinlan, D. (1976). Experiences of depression in normal young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85(4), 383-389. Blatt, S., D’Affl itti, J. and Quinlan, D. (1979). Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Unpublished Manual, Yale University, New Haven, CT. Blatt, S. J. and Homann, E. (1992). Parent-child interaction in the etiology of dependent and selfcritical depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 47-91. Blatt, S. J. and Maroudas, C. (1992). Convergences among psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioural theories of depression. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 9(2), 157-19 Blatt, S. J., Quinlan, D. M., Chevron, E. S., McDonald, C. and Zuroff, D. (1982). Dependency and self-criticism: Psychological dimensions of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50(1), 113-124. Blatt, S. J. and Shichman, S. (1983). Two primary confi gurations of psychopathology. Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought, 6(2), 187-254. Blatt, S. J., Wein, S. J., Chevron. E. and Quinlan, D. M. (1979). Parental representations and depression in normal young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88(4), 388-397. Blatt, S. J. and Zuroff, D. C. (1992). Interpersonal relatedness and self-defi nition: Two prototypes for depression. Clinical Pychology Review, 12, 527-562. Bornstein, R. F., Poynton, F. G. and Masling, J. (1985). Orality and depression: An empirical study. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 2(3), 241-249 Campos, R. C. (2000a). Análise exploratória das manifestações da dependência e do autocriticismo enquanto estilos de personalidade no método do Rorschach. Master Thesis on Clinical Psychology, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa. Campos, R. C. (2000b). Adaptação do Questionário de Experiências Depressivas (de Sidney Blatt e colegas) para a população portuguesa. Análise Psicológica, 18(3), 285-309. Chevron, E. S., Quinlan, D. M. and Blatt, S. (1978). Sex role and gender diferences in the experiences of depression. Journal of abnormal Psychology, 87(6), 680-683. Chodoff, P. (1972). The depressive personality: A critical review. Archives of General Psychiatry, 27, 666-673. Exner, J. E., Jr. (2003). The Rorschach: A Comprehensive System (Vol 1): Basic foundations and principles of interpretation (4rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons Exner, J. E., Jr. (2005). The Rorschach: A Comprehensive 6 Campos

System (Vol 2): Advanced interpretation (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Son Exenr Jr, J. E., Kinder, B. N. and Curtiss, G. (1995). Reviewing basic design features. In J. E. Exner, Jr (Ed.), Issues and methods in Rorschach research (p. 145-158). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Eribaum Associates, Inc. Exner Jr, J. E. and Sendin, C. (1998). Manual de interpretación del Rorschach para el Sistema Comprehensivo (2ª edicion). Madrid: Editora Psimática. Fuhr, S. K. and Shean, G. (1992). Subtypes of depression, efi cacy, and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. The Journal of Psychology, 126(5), 495-506. Masling, J. M., Rabie, L. and Blondheim, S. H. (1967). Obesity, level of aspiration, and Rorschach and TAT measures of oral dependence. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 31, 233-239. Mongrain, M., Vettese, L. C., Shuster, B. and Kendal, N. (1998). Perceptual biases, affect, and behavior in the relationships of dependent and self-critics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 230-241. Mongrain, M. and Zuroff, D. C. (1994). Ambivalence over emotional expression and negative life events: Mediators of depressive symptoms in dependent and self-critical individuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 16(3), 447-458. Nezworski, M. T. and Wood, J. M. (1995). Narcissism in the comprehensive system for the Rorschach. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 2(2), 179-199 Quinlan, D. M., Blatt, S. J., Chevron, E. S. and Wein, S. J. (1992). The analysis of description of parents: Identifi cation of a more differentiated factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 59(2), 340-351. Pires, A. A. (2000). National norms for the Rorschach normative study in Portugal. In R. Dana (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural and multicultural personality assessment (pp. 367-392). New Jersey: Lawrence Eribaum Associates. Ryder, A. G., Bagby, R. M. and Schuller, D. R. (2002). The overlap of depressive personality disorder and dysthymia: A categorical problem with a dimensional solution. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 10, 337-352 Santor, D. A., Zuroff, D. C., Mongrain, M. and Fielding, A. (1997). Validating the McGill revision of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 69(1), 164-182. Silva, D. R, Campos, R. and Dias, A. M. (2001). A Normative study with portuguese children aged six to ten years old. Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 8(2), 107-114. Zuroff, D. C., Igreja, I. and Mongrain, M. (1990). Dysfunctional attitudes, dependency, and selfcriticism as predictors of depressive mood states: A 12-month longitudinal study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(3), 315-326. Zuroff, D. C. and Lorimier, S. (1989). Ideal and actual romantic partners of women varying in dependency and self-criticism. Journal of Personality, 57(4), 825-846. Zuroff, D. C. and Mongrain, M. (1987). Dependency and self-criticism: Vulnerability factors for depressive affective states. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96(1), 14-22 Zuroff, D. C., Moskowitz, D. S., Wielgus, M. S., Powers, T. A. and Franko D. L. (1983). Construct validation of the dependency and self-criticism scales of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 17, 226-241. Dependency, Narcissism and Rorschach 7

Clinicians with varied theoretical perspectives have approached the differential diagnosis of psychiatric conditions from a number of different avenues utilizing a wide array of measures. Projective techniques, specifi cally Rorschach are a valuable tool for clinicians and various practitioners’ surveys have consistently demonstrated that the Rorschach is one of the most frequently used psychological tests (Shukla, 1977; Watkins et al, 1995). Hermann Rorschach introduced the test fi rst in 1921, since then it has generated much interest, extensive use and considerable research. For at least two decades, the 1940’s and 1950’s its name was synonymous with clinical psychology (Reynold and Sundberg, 1976; Prabhu, 1984; Exner, 2002). Even when the role of the clinician broadened and diversifi ed beyond assessment or psycho-diagnoses during the 1960’s and 1970’s, the Rorschach remained among the most commonly used tests in the clinical settings and that status continues today (Sharma et al, 1975;Dubey et al, 1981; Dosajh, 1996; Exner, 2002). To address the need for an accurate diagnosis, several investigators have developed specifi c criteria on the Rorschach (Beck, 1965; Athey, 1974, 1986; Blatt and Ritzler, 1974; Meloy, 1986). All of them have some success but with less consistent uniformity (Exner, 1991; Hilsenroth, et al, 1998; Meyer, 2000). Exner’s system (1978, 1991, 1993, 2002) has fostered signifi cant advances in the clinical utility of Rorschach as a nomothetic tool. The most recent achievement in it has been the development of scoring constellations to identify psychosis (PTI), depression (DEPI), suicide potential (S-CON), obsessive cognitive processing (OBS) and social and emotional coping factors (CDI). Each of these variable constellations was empirically derived to predict certain clinical phenomenon to assist in differential diagnosis. One of the important contributions of Exner’s comprehensive system (Exner, 1993) is inclusion of special scores complied into few categories as a measure of thought disorders. These special scores are: Deviant verbalization (DV): It is assigned to those answers that have either of the two characteristics mentioned below both of which create the impression of oddity in the response. Deviant verbalization includes Neologism & Redundancy. Neologism is indicated when an incorrect word is used in place of a correct word that falls well within the subjective verbal capacity for example “A Cat Sticking Her Purr Up” *. Redundancy is scored when the patient uses odd language that cannot be justifi ed in terms of the sub cultural idioms or limited vocabulary skills in which the patient identifi es twice the object reported for example- “A Trio of Three People”. Deviant Response (DR) is assigned to the responses that have a strange or peculiar quality. This may manifest either as ‘inappropriate phrase’ or ‘circumstantial response’. Inappropriate responses are said to be present when the responses are inappropriate or irrelevant to the response such as “It’s A Bird, But I Was Hoping To See A Butterfl y” and circumstantial responses are scored when the subjects inappropriately elaborate responses or are unable to reach a defi nition of their responses such as “It Looks Like A Map Of Two Continents…I Can Tell This Because I’ve Traveled To The Middle East And It Is Quite Hot There … Even Hotter Than Bakersfi eld In August”. Rorschach Thought Disorders in various Psychiatric Conditions Deapti Mishra, Ranjeet Kumar and Jai Prakash Various Rorschach researchers have identifi ed unusual ways of formulating responses that appear to be due to disordered thinking. Some of these such as Contamination, fabulized combination, and autistic logic are found to distinguish schizophrenic patients from non clinical individuals. From the literature it appears that study of special scores would be useful in aiding the diagnostic decision and will help us to differentiate various clinical conditions effectively. Keeping this in view, the present study investigated the presentation of Rorschach special scores in various clinical conditions by using Exner’s Comprehensive system. Patients aged 18-55 years, with the ICD-10 (World Health Organization, 1992) diagnoses of Bipolar Affective disorder, current episode mania with psychotic features (n- 30), Schizophrenia (n- 30), Schizoaffective disorder (n-30), Depression (n-30) and 30 normal subjects from the general population were included in the study. Results indicated that although thought disturbances are present in almost all psychotic conditions, they can be differentiated from each other on careful examination of special scores. Schizophrenia patients have severest type of thought disorder followed by mania and schizoaffective disorders. Deapti Mishra M&SP, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Post Grad. Institute of Behavioural and Medical Sciences, Raipur, Email: : deaptimishra@rediffmail.com, Ranjeet Kumar M&SP, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Gwalior Mansik Arogyashala, Gwalior, M.P. Cell: 91-9406586814, E-mail: ran_psy@yahoo.co.in ((Correspondance to Dr. Ranjeet Kumar E-mail: ran_psy@yahoo.co.in & Jai Prakash, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS, Ranchi - 834 006 Key Words : Rorschach Comprehensive System, Special Scores,

Inappropriate Combination: It indicates verbalizations that combine impressions and ideas into percepts that violate realistic considerations in one way or the other. They imply unlikely, implausible or totally impossible relationships between images. This category includes Incongruous combination (INCOM), Fabulized combination (FABCOM) and Contamination (CONTAM). Incongruous combination refers to the condensation of blot details or images inappropriately merged into a single object for example “A Frog with a Mustache”. Fabulized combination involves two discrete blot details between which some relationship is inferred that does not or cannot occur in nature for example “A Frog Holding A Baseball.” Contamination consists of the fusion of two or more impressions of one blot area into a single percept that cannot exist such as “It looks like blood and an island so it must be bloody island”. Inappropriate Logic (ALOG) is scored whenever the subject uses strained reasoning, without any prompting to justify his or her answer for example, “It Must Be The North Pole Because It Is At The Top Of The Card”. Diagnostic use of the Rorschach in clinical conditions has, though generated enormous research, it is remarkable to note the paucity of researches on the diagnostic utility of these special scores in various clinical conditions. There have been few attempts to identify Rorschach variables specially related to thought disorders that will afford valid differentiation of schizophrenia, depression, mania etc (Kumar, 1963, 1965, Pratap and Kapur, 1984, Hilsenroth et al, 1998; Kaloiya et al, 1998; Kumar et al, 2003; Kumar and Khess, 2004, 2005, George and Kumar, 2008). Various Rorschach researchers have identifi ed unusual ways of formulating responses that appear to be disordered thinking (Weiner 1966; Rappaport, Gill, and Schafer, 1968). It has been presumed that they represent infl exible, idiosyncratic and illogical thinking that frequently characterizes schizophrenic disturbances (Friedman 1953; Bohm, 1958; Blatt and Ritzler, 1974). Kahadivi et al (1997) examined the utility of Rorschach in the differential diagnoses of mania versus schizophrenia and schizoaffective patients and he found that mania patients displayed signifi cantly more combinatory thinking and affective content than the other two conditions. In India Kumar et al, (2003) Kumar and Khess, (2004; 2005) reported that deviant responses were highly pathognomic of mania, whereas contamination and incongruous responses were found more in schizophrenia patients. Form the literature it appears that, despite the fact that special scores can help in differential diagnosis of mental illnesses there is dearth of literature using comprehensive system. So keeping in mind that the study of special scores would be useful in aiding the diagnostic decision and will help us to differentiate various clinical conditions effectively, there is need to do an extensive study to see the presentation of Rorschach thought disorders in various clinical conditions. Methodology: Sample: The study was conducted at inpatient and outpatient departments of Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi. Patients in the age range 18-55 years, with the ICD- 10 (World Health Organization, 1992) diagnoses of Bipolar Affective disorder, current episode mania with psychotic features (n- 30), Schizophrenia (n- 30), Schizoaffective disorder (n-30) & Depression (n-30) and 30 people from the general population were selected for the study. Knowledge of Hindi or English, consenting & cooperating for testing and 14 or more responses on Rorschach was the inclusion criteria and patients with any co morbid psychiatric illness, substance dependence, neurological disorders, mental retardation, and too disturbed to take test were excluded from the study. Procedure: After taking consent for the study, the primary information regarding demographic and clinical variables was collected on a semi-structured Proforma designed for the study. All the subjects in the control group, after taking their consent for the study were screened for psychiatric morbidity using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) & those scoring positive were excluded from the study. Rorschach test (Exner’s Comprehensive System) was then administered on each of them. Only Special scores were scored and interpreted according to Exner’s comprehensive system. Analyses: Descriptive statistics were calculated to discuss demographic characteristics of the participants. Group differences on categorical variables were examined with chi-square test. Result and Discussion: All the groups were matched with respect to age and sex to avoid the confounding effects of these factors on Rorschach performance. No signifi cant differences were found among the various clinical conditions in respect to various demographic variables as marital status, education, occupation, residence etc. Thus, the Rorschach Thought Disorders 9

effect of these variables, if any, was also controlled and it can be assumed that the differences in Rorschach fi ndings were due to respective psychopathology only. The current study reveals that special scores refl ecting thought disturbances are present in substantial amount in all the clinical conditions except depression in which they are minimally found. This fi nding is consistent with previous fi ndings reported by George and Kumar, 2008. The presence of signifi cant thought disorder is in accordance with the growing literature that thought disorders are common in various psychotic conditions and not pathognomic of schizophrenia alone (Andreasen and Powers, 1974; Harrow and Quinlan, 1977; Exner, 2002; Kumar et al., 2003). Minimal thought disturbance in depression may be due to the reason that we have not included only those depressive patients who had psychotic features. As depressives and normal control did not have signifi cant thought disturbance, 10 Mishra et al these two conditions were not compared to other clinical conditions. Only mania, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patient groups were compared to each other to see the signifi cant differences, if any. Results show that all the major psychotic conditions can be successfully differentiated from each other on certain special scores. When comparison was done between mania and schizophrenia groups, fi ndings revealed that mania patient’s scored low on deviant verbalization, and level two special scores in comparison to schizophrenia patients. These fi ndings are in consistence with earlier studies (Kumar et al, 2003; Kumar and Khess, 2004, 2005). Mania patients gave signifi cantly higher number of deviant responses, incongruous combination and fabulized combination, than schizophrenia patients. This can be explained by the fact that deviant responses on Rorschach refl ect Table 1 Frequency of Rorschach special scores in different clinical conditions and Non-patient adults Variables Mania n-30 Schizophrenia n-30 Depression n-30 Schizo-affective n-30 Normal n-30 Present Absent Present Absent Present Absent Present Absent Present Absent DV DR INCOM FABCOM CONTAM ALOG LEVEL 1 LEVEL2 PSV AGG MOR Deviant verbalization (DV): Deviant Response (DR) Incongruous combination (INCOM), Fabulized combination (FABCOM) and Contamination (CONTAM) Table 2 Chi-square values for group differences in Rorschach special scores Rorschach Variables Mania /schizophrenia Mania/ schizo-affetive Schizo-affective/ schizophrenia χ2 χ2 χ2 DV 5.54** .098 6.94** DR 3.50* .268 1.14 INCOM 3.59* .341 1.763 FABCOM 6.69** .341 9.77** CONTAM 3.15 a .218 ALOG .606 1.92 4.59* LEVEL 1 2.05 3.77* .278 LEVEL2 5.55** 1.20 1.66 PSV 1.83 1.20 .069 AGG 2.85 1.20 .373 MOR 1.23 1.14 1.14 a- Value is constant, chi-square can not be computed, *p <.05, **p<.01, *** p<.001

circumstantial responses (Andreasen and Powers, 1974; Wilson, 1985; Exner, 1991) and circumstantial responses are more commonly seen in the patients of mania in comparison to other clinical conditions. It is in accordance with various earlier studies, Klopfer (1946) held that in mania, there is much combining of details and fabulation and confabulation predominance, Johnson and Holzman (1979) also found that the quality of manic thought disorder is distinguished by more combinatory thinking (incongruous combination and fabulized combination). This fi nding was later replicated by Holzman and his collegeaus (Shenton, Solovay and Holzman, 1987; Solovay, Shenton and Holzman, 1987). Recently Khadivi, Wetzler and Wilson (1997) also got similar fi ndings. They state that more combinatory thinking in mania patients refl ects their tendency to connect things that are normally kept apart due to their easy distractibility and tendency to respond to these disparate stimuli. Another important fi nding is that contamination responses were present only in schizophrenia patients. Previous studies have also reported contamination to be present in them (Wilson, 1985; Hilsenroth, Fowler and Padwer, 1998; Kumar and Khess, 2004). It is known that contamination response is one of the most bizarre types and refl ects severe nature of thought disorder. DV and INCOM are relatively mild signs of disordered thinking, FABCOM and confabulation intermediate and ALOG and CONTAM have the most serious implications for impairment (Exner and Weiner, 1982, Weiner, and Exner, 1978). So, it can be said that schizophrenia patients have severe thought disturbance in comparison to other psychotic patients. Current fi ndings indicate that mania and schizoaffective patients have almost similar profi le on all the special scores except level one on which mania patients scored comparatively more. It suggests that mania patients have comparatively more mild level of thought disturbance than schizoaffective patients. Johnson and Holzman (1979) also found that the schizoaffective patients share the combinatory thinking (incongruous combination and fabulized combination) of mania. But contrary to their fi nding of the presence of idiosyncratic verbalizations, autistic thinking and confusion of schizophrenia in schizoaffective patients, schizophrenia patients in the present study gave more responses on DV, FABCOM, and ALOG suggesting that schizophrenia patients have more thought problems in comparison to schizoaffective patients. Research during the recent decades too; have recently shown increasingly that schizoaffective disorders are more similar to affective illness than to schizophrenia disorders (Marneros, 2003). It can thus be concluded that although thought disturbances, represented by special scores, are present in almost all psychotic conditions, they can be successfully differentiated from each other on careful examination of special scores. Schizophrenia patients have severest type of thought disorder followed by mania and schizoaffective disorders. References: Andreasen, N. C., and Powers, P. S. (1974). Overinclusive thinking in mania and schizophrenia. British J. of Psychiatry, 125, 452- 456. Athey, G. (1974). Schizophrenic thought organization, object relations and the Rorschach test. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 38, 406-429. Beck, S. (1965). Psychological processes in the schizophrenics adaption. New York: Grune & Stratton. Bhom, E. (1958). Rorschach test diagnosis. New York: Grune & Stratton. Blatt, S. J., and Ritzler, B. A. (1974). Thought disorders and boundary disturbances in psychosis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 370- 381. Dosajh, N. L. (1981). Projective techniques with particular reference to inkblot test. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental health, 3, 59-68. Dubey, B. L., Pershad, D. and Verma, S. K. (1981). An evaluation of Rorschach as a clinical tool. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8, 157-163. Exner, J. E. and Weiner I. B. (1982). The Rorschach: A comprehensive system. Vol.3: Assessment of children and adolescents. New York: Wiley. Exner, J. E. (1978). The Rorschach: A comprehensive system. Vol.1: Basic foundation .New York: Wiley. Exner, J. E. (1991). The Rorschach: A comprehensive system. Vol.2: Interpretation (2nd ed.) New York: Wiley. Exner, J. E. (1993). The Rorschach: A comprehensive system. Vol.1: Basic foundation (3nd ed.). New York: Wiley. Exner, J.E. (1997). The future of Rorschach in personality assessment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 68, 37-46. Exner, J. E. (2002). The Rorschach: A comprehensive system. Vol.1: Basic foundation (4th ed.) New York: Wiley. Friedman, H. (1953). Perceptual regression in schizophrenia. Journal of Projective Techniques, 17, 171-185. Rorschach Tought Disorders 11

George, L. and Kumar, R. (2008) Diagnostic Effi ciency of New Rorschach Depression Index (DEPI.). SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health ,15, 118-127. Harrow, M. and Quinlan, D. (1977). Is disordered thinking unique to schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, 15-21. Hilsenroth, M. J., Folwer, J. C., and Padawer, J. R. (1998). The Rorschach schizophrenia index (SCZI): An examination of reliability, validity, and diagnostic effi ciency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 70, 514-534. Johnson, M. and Holzman, P. S. (1979) Assessing schizophrenic thinking. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass. Kaloiya, G. S., Kar, N. and Shukla, T. R.(1998). Effi cacy of a new ink blot technique in differentiating schizophrenics, manics, depressive and normals. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25, 223-227. Khadivi, A., Wetzler, S. and Wilson, A. (1997). Manic Indices on the Rorschach. Journal of Personality Assessment, 69, 365-375. Klopfer, B and Kelly, D. M. (1946). The Rorschach technique. New York:World Book Company. Kumar, P. (1963). The Rorschach test in schizophrenics and normal groups. Indian Journal of Psychology, 38, 121-124. Kumar, P. (1965). The Rorschach test in some mental disorders: Manic group. Indian Journal of Psychology, 40, 13-117. Kumar, R., Kishore, M. T. and Khess, C. R .J. (2003). Diagnostic Effi ciency of Schizophrenia Index in schizophrenia and mania: A preliminary study. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30, 29-32 Kumar, R. and Khess, C. R. J. (2005). Diagnostic Effi ciency of Schizophrenia Index and Perceptual- Thinking Index in schizophrenia and mania. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health,. 12, 115-122. Kumar, R. and Khess, C. R. J. (2004). Special scores of Rorschach Comprehensive System in schizophrenia and mania: A comparative study. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health ,11, 85-90 Marneros, A. (2003). The schizoaffective phenomenon: the state of art. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 108 (Supp. 418), 29-33. Meloy, J. (1986). On the relationship between primary process and thought disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis,14, 47-56. Meyer, G. J. (2000). Differential diagnoses of the patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders on psychological test battery. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75, 6-10. Pratap, S. and Kapur, M. (1984). Rorschach responses of literate manics. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 11, 29-34. Rappaport, D., Gill, M., & Schafer, R. (1968). Diagnostic psychological testing (Rev.ed.) New York: International University Press. Reynolds, W. M. and Sundberg, N. D. (1976). Recent research trends in testing. Journal of Personality Assessment, 40, 228-233. Rorschach, H. (1921). Psychodiagnostic. Bern: Hans Huber. Shamsunder, C., Sriram, T. G., Muraliraj, S.G., and Shanmugham, V. (1986). Validity of a short 5- item version of the General Health Questionnaire. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 217-219. Shenton, M. M., Solovay, M. R. and Holzman, P. S. (1987). Comparative studies of thought disorder II: Schizoaffective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 21-30. Shrama, V. P., Ojha, K. N., and Vagrecha, Y. S. (1975). Clinical Psychology in India. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2, 73-76. Shukla T. R. (1976). Pathological verbalization on inkblots and psychodianosis. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3, 17-21. Solovay, M. R., Shenton, M. M. and Holzman, P. S. (1987) Comparative studies of thought disorder I: Schizoaffective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44: 13-20. Watkins, J. G. and Stauffacher, J. C. (1952). An index of pathological thinking in the Rorschach. Journal of Projective Techniques, 16, 276-286. Weiner, I. B. and Exner, J. E. (1978). Rorschach indices of disordered thinking in patient and nonpatient adolesecents and adults. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42, 339-343. Weiner, I. B. (1966). Psycho-diagnosis in schizophrenia. New York: Wiley. Wilson, A. (1985). Boundary disturbances in borderline and psychotic states. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 346-355. World Health Organization (1992). The ICD- 10 Classifi cation of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Geneva: World Health Organization. World Health Organization (1992). The ICD- 10 Classifi cation of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva: World Health Organization 12 Mishra et al

Depression is one of the most widespread mental disorders among the adolescent population, second only to alcohol abuse (Kringlen et al., 2001) in Western society and the scenario is not so bright in Asian societies. According to the 1992 National Comorbidity Survey, almost 2% of children aged 7-12 years in the U.S.A. have major depression, with the rate jumping to 6-9% among adolescents, a rate similar to that of adults (Kessler et al.,1993). Other studies (Fombonne, 1998; Lewinsohn et al., 1998) found that approximately 8-10% of adolescents scored above the cutoff for clinical depression on self report measures. Depression in adolescents is increasing at an alarming rate and statistics on adolescent depression are sobering. Depression is the main problem faced by the mental health professionals as an independent disease and it is a major associated factor in other problems like suicide, substance abuse and common cause of school failure and school dropout among adolescents (Birmaher et al., 1996). Studies have indicated that depression in adolescents affect approximately 35-40% of the adolescent population. Among adolescents, one in fi ve may suffer from depression (Ruston et al., 2002). Depression in adolescents usually causes more social and interpersonal diffi culties that directly lead to self related problems. To escape from the pain of depression, some youths experiment with drugs or alcohol or become sexually promiscuous (Hankin et al., 1998). In order to examine how environmental stressors affect an individual’s mood, a large number of factors were considered. One main identifi ed is the maternal depression which is associated with emotional or behavioral problems of children (Elgar et al., 2004). In the last two decades, research has provided strong evidence of association between parenting styles and variations in adolescent’s outcomes (Baumrind, 1991, Lamborn et al., 1991., Steinberg et al., 1994, Weiss and Schwartz, 1996). By focusing on the general emotional climate within the home, including aspect of parental monitoring and relationship quality, researchers have identifi ed that parenting style vary along dimensions of warmth and control. As originally conceptualized by Baumrind (1967, 1971) parenting typologies consist of authoritative, permissive, authoritarian and disengaged parenting styles which affect the overall behaviour of the child. Magnussen (1991) found that both adolescents and parental over-control are associated with higher level of depressive symptoms. Reiss et al. (1995) examined the effect of different parenting styles on adolescent’s depression and antisocial behavior and compared with the infl uence of environmental infl uences along with genetic infl uences. Ayvazian (1996) investigated whether parenting style is related to child motivation, level of depression, problem behavior and self esteem. The investigators found that there exists positive relationship between parenting style and level of depression and problematic behavior of the child. Jackson and Schemes (2005) questioned a study whether authoritative parenting has been associated with positive outcomes for children and adolescents. In their study, university students who perceived their parents as authoritative showed higher self esteem, lower depression and better universal adjustment during the student’s transition into, and throughout, university. These relations were mediated by student level of optimism. In other study they found that high school students perceive their parents as authoritative were high on self effi cacy and low on depression. A number of studies (Ayvazian, 1996; Dwairy, 2004) found signifi cant associations between parenting style and depression. It is found that positive correlation exists between authoritarian parenting style and depression. It is concluded that parent who applied more authoritarian style lead to higher level of depression among children and adolescent Depression among Adolescents: Role of Self Effi cacy and Parenting Style Hardeep Lal Joshi, Mandeep Sharma and Rajesh Kumar Mehra The present study was planned to fi nd out the relationship between parenting style, self effi cacy and depression among adolescents. The sample of the study involved 185 adolescents in the age range of 14 to 16 years along with their parents. The adolescents were assessed with Self Effi cacy Questionnaire (Muris, 2000), Children Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1981) whereas parents were administered with Parenting Authority Questionnaire-R (Ritman, 2002).The data were analyzed by using Pearson’s Product Moment method of correlation and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that (i) all the measures of self effi cacy have signifi cant negative correlation with the measure of depression, (ii) Authoritarian Parenting Style has signifi cant positive correlation with measure of depression, (iii) Authoritative Parents have signifi cantly negative correlation with depression,(iv) The stepwise regression analysis found three pertinent predictors of depression i.e. Emotional self effi cacy, Permissive and Authoritarian parenting style among adolescents. Hardeep Lal Joshi, Ph.D., Lecturer, (Email: drhardeep_joshi@yahoo.co.in) and Mandeep Sharma, M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra and Rajesh Kumar Mehra, Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Government College, Jind. Key Words: Depression among adolescents.

whereas negative correlation has been found between permissive parenting style and depression. Adolescents show lesser experiences of depression where parents apply permissive parenting style. Dwairy (2004) studied relationship between three parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive) and the mental health of adolescents. Mental health problems are found to be associated more with authoritarian and less with authoritative and permissive patenting style. Other studies(Dearing, 2004; Fenton, 1998; Mckenna, 1999; Liu- Yih-Lan, 2003) found similar results in parenting styles and measure of depression among adolescents. There seems to be marked increased possibility for adult depression when neither parent experiences warmth, caring and affection among adolescents. Self effi cacy plays a key role in the etiology and maintenance of affective disorders or both (Bandura, 1977). Now it is assumed that these disorders frequently have their onset during youth (Birmaher et al., 1996). Bandura et al. (1999) found a negative correlation between self effi cacy and depression. It may be interpreted as lower the children’s self effi cacy, higher the level of depression of the child. Annesi (2004) studied both girls and boys who completed measure of exercise self effi cacy, tension and depression and found that self effi cacy and depression are inversely related to each other. Claudia et al.(1996) found that perceived self effi cacy was related with lower mental health problems. Self effi cacy plays an important role in determining the level of depression. A number of studies (Comunian, 1989; Ehrenberg et al., 1991) have reported negative correlation between self effi cacy and depression. Some recent studies (Annesi,2004; Bandura, 1999; Jennings.and Abrew 2004; Muris, 2002) found the connection between self effi cacy and depression prospectively. Results indicate that low level of self effi cacy were predictive of long term depression. Strong negative association between depression and self-effi cacy which is associated with three major spheres i.e. academic, social and emotional self effi cacy shows that heightened self effi cacy decreases the level of depression among adolescents. Numerous studies (Van-Horn and Volanda, 1997; Jennings and Abrew 2004; Jackson and Schemes, 2005) conducted on a different sample have also found similar results. It is concluded that emotional self effi cacy and social self effi cacy are strong predictors of symptoms of depression. The present study was aimed at exploring the predictors of adolescent depression, in the light of parenting style and self effi cacy also to examine the relationship among depression, self effi cacy, and parenting style. The generation of such knowledge explored was essential for better understanding about adolescent’s depression and how is it related with different parenting styles and self effi cacy. Method: Sample: The present study was conducted on a sample of 185 adolescents of both sexes who were studying in IX and X standard. The age range of the sample was from 14 to 16 years. The sample was selected by using stratifi ed random sampling procedure from various schools of three districts of Haryana. All the schools were having same educational affi liation and cater to the needs of low to middle socio economic status students. Students were contacted in their respective classes through their class teachers. Tools: Following standardized tools were used for the collection for the relevant data to meet the objectives of the study:- Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) Kovacs,1981): Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) is a 27 items self report inventory for measuring the level of depression among children and adolescents. Scale has items related to sadness, self blame, and loss of appetite, insomnia, interpersonal relationship and school adjustment. The internal consistency of the CDI was also suffi cient as Cronbach alpha is .79. Self Effi cacy Questionnaire (SEQ) (Muris,2002): The Self Effi cacy Questionnaire contains 24 items that represent three domains of self effi cacy i.e. social, academic, and emotional. Each item has to be scored on a 5-point scale, which represents 1 for “not at all” and 5 for “very well”. The internal consistency reliability of the SEQ-C appeared to be satisfactory: Cronbach’s alpha was 88 for the total self-effi cacy scores and between .85 and .88 for subscale scores. Parenting Authority Questionnaire-(PAQ-R),(Ritman et al.,2002): Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ-R) is a parental self report version of the original PAQ, which intended to use with parents of children. The PAQ-R consists of 30 items, 10 items each for three scales representing Authoritarian, Authoritative and Permissive parenting styles. Items are rated on a 5 point Likert type scale ranging from I “strongly disagree” to 5 “strongly agree”. One month test-retest reliability for 22 mothers 14 Joshi et al

from sample A was 61 for Authoritative, .87 for Authoritarian and .67 for permissive subscales. Data were also gathered from another sample and One month test retest reliability were found to be .54, .88, .74 for Authoritative, Authoritarian and permissive subscale, respectively. Procedure: In the initial stage, the participants were contacted in their respective classes and their willingness to participate in the study was sought. The subjects were fi rst administered Child Depression Inventory. After that Self Effi cacy Questionnaire was administered to the subject on the same day. Parenting Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) was administered on parents of the adolescents. All the subjects were assured that their responses would be kept confi dential and would not affect their overall performances in the school. Data Analysis: The obtained data were subjected to a number of statistical analyses pertinent to research objectives of the study. The analyses most pertinent to the objectives are correlation and regression analysis. Correlations among variables were obtained by applying Pearson product moment method. In order to have a parsimonious picture of contribution of different variables on depression, stepwise regression analysis was applied. Results: A perusal of the inter-correlation matrix shows that there is negative association between depression and self effi cacy. The correlations between measure of depression and that of self effi cacy range between 0 and –.44. All the correlations are signifi cant at .01 level of signifi cance. These results may be interpreted that the self effi cient adolescents are having lower level of depression or vice-versa. The highest correlation among these measures is found to between depression and emotional self effi cacy. It shows that those adolescents who have control over their emotions are found to be least depressed. The other two variables of self effi cacy i.e. social and academic are also related with depression. It may be interpreted that the adolescents who are high on the self effi cacy have lower level of depression and vice-versa. The association between parenting style and depression is not uniform. The Authoritarian Parenting style was found to be positively associated with depression whereas Permissive Parenting Style was negatively associated. The results clearly demonstrate that the adolescents who are having highly authoritarian parents are having high level of depression, whereas highly permissive parents induce lower level of depression among adolescents. The stepwise regression is the surest path to the predictions equation when one is interested in identifying a subset of potent predictors and eliminating those, which do not provide additional predictions to the predictors already entered. So the stepwise regression analysis was applied to the data as the main objective of the study is to obtain the predictors of depression among adolescents. The stepwise regression was applied with parameters. Table 2 shows the results to stepwise regression analysis as depression was taken as dependent variable. The results indicated that fi ve signifi cant predictors of depression emerged with an overall multiple R of .60. Depression among Adolescents 15 Table 1 INTERCORRELATION MATRIX VARI DEP ASE SSE ESE AUTN AUTH PER DEP – – .22 – .28 – .44 .30 – .12 – .39 ASE – .48 .43 .00 .07 .12 SSE – .51 – .08 .00 .19 ESE – – .11 .08 .19 AUTN – .26 .05 AUTH – .49 PER –

Table 2 Summary of Stepwise Regressive Analysis (Dependent Variable: Depression) Step Variable Multiple R R2 F P Emotional Self Effi cacy .44 .187 43.32 .001 Permissive Parenting Style .54 .281 24.82 .001 Authoritarian Parenting Style .60 .354 21.72 .001

Emotional Self Effi cacy being most pertinent predictor of depression, it entered the equations at step one. The R for this variable equals to .438, F to entered being 43.32, it is signifi cant at .001 probability. Permissive parenting style appears to be second potent predictor which entered at step two, multiple R increased to .54 with the entry of permissive in the equation after emotional self effi cacy. The F ratio computed for the signifi cance of multiple R, at step two, equals to 24.82 which is signifi cant R become .60. The F ratio at this step equals to 21.72. The results to stepwise regression analysis revealed that these three variables signifi cantly predict adolescent’s at .001. The next variable, which entered in the regression equation, is Authoritarian parenting style. With the entry of this predictor at step three the multiple depression. Discussion: The present study was an attempt to study depression in relation to self effi cacy and parenting style. The obtained results are discussed in the light of the theoretical framework of the subject and the research studies already conducted in the fi eld. It is pertinent to note that results of the study appear to lend substantial support to the hypothesis formulated. Self effi cacy is considered to be an important factor in relation to depression. A number of studies (e.g. Comunian, 1989; Ehrenberg et al., 1991) have reported negative relationship between self effi cacy and depression, i.e. lower the children’s self effi cacy, higher the level of their depression. Recent studies (Bandura, 1999; Jennings and Abrew 2004; Muris, 2002) explored the connection between self effi cacy and depression prospectively. Results indicated that low level of self-effi cacy were predictive of long term depression. In the present study, all the measures of self-effi cacy are found to have signifi cant negative relationship with depression among adolescents. Strong negative association between depression and self effi cacy shows that enhanced self effi cacy reduce the level of depression among adolescents. This lends support to the hypothesis -1 of the present study. A number of recent studies (Jackson and Schemes, 2005; Jennings and Abrew, 2004) which were conducted on different sample have also found similar results. They related self-effi cacy with depression as lower the self effi cacy, higher the level of depression. As far as the predictors of depression are concerned, emotional self effi cacy and social self effi cacy are strong predictors of symptoms of depression. Signifi cant associations are found between three parenting style and measures of depression. Correlation between authoritarian parenting style and depression is positive. It indicates that more authoritarian parenting style, the higher level of depression. But correlation between permissive parenting style and depression is negative, that is more permissive parenting style, the lesser experiences of depression among adolescents. No signifi cant correlation is found between authoritative parenting style and depression. A number of study (i.e. Ayvazian 1996; Dwairy, 2004; Dearing , 2004; Fenton, 1998; Mckenna, 1999; Liu- Yih-Lan, 2003) found similar results in parenting styles and measure of depression among adolescents. There seems to be marked increased possibility for adult depression when neither parent experiences warmth, caring and affection among adolescents. It is found that low level of authoritative parenting style and permissive parenting style and high authoritarian parenting style lead to higher level of depression as comparison to high authoritative, permissive parenting style and low authoritarian parenting style which are associated with low depression among adolescents. Ayvazian (1996) found that American families which adopted authoritarian parenting style higher level of depression in their children. Dwairy (2004) studied relationship between three parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive) and the mental health of adolescents. References: Annesi, J.J. (2004). Relationship between self effi cacy and change in rated tension and depression for 9 to 12 Yr. old children enrolled in a 12-wk., after school physical activity program. Perceptuals and Motor Skills, 99(1), 191-194. Ayuazian. J. (1996). Parenting styles in the American family. Int. Sec. (A). Humanities & Social science. 57(8-A), 1010. Bandura, A., Pastorelli C., & Barbaranelli, C. (1999). Self effi cacy parthways to childhood depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(2), 258-269. Bandura, A. (1977). Self effi cacy : Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215. Bandura, A., Pastorelli, C., Barbaranelli, C., & Caprara, G.V. (1999). Self-effi cacy pathways to childhood depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 258-269. Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority, Developmental Psychology, 4(1), 91-103. Baumrind,D.(1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behaviour. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43-48. Baumrind, D. (1991). Parenting styles and adolescent development. In J. Brooks-Gunn, R. Letner, & A.C. Petersen (Eds.), The encyclopedia of Adolescence, (pp. 746-758). New York : Garland. Birmaher, B., Ryan, N.D., Williamson, D.E., Brent, D.A. Daufman, J., Dahl, R.E., Perel, J. and Nelson, B. (1996). Childhood and adolescent of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1427-1439. Comunian, A.L. (1989). Some characteristics of relation among depression anxiety, and self- 16 Joshi et al

effi cacy. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 69, 755- 764. Dearing, E.,(2004).The developmental implications of restrictive or supportive parenting across neighborhood and ethnicities : Exceptions are the rule. Developmental psychology, 25(5), 555-575. Dwairy, M. (2004). Parenting styles and mental health or Palestinian-Arab-Adolescents in Israel. Transcultural psychiatry, 41(2), 233-252. Ehrenberg, M.F., Cox, D.N. & Koopman, R.F. (1991). The relationship between self-effi cacy and depression in adolescent. Adolescence, 26, 361- 374. Elgar, F.J., McGrath, P.J., Waschbusch, D.A., Stewart, S.H., & Curtis, L.J. (2004). Mutual infl uence on meternal depression and child adjustment problems. Clinical Psychological Review, 24, 441-459. Fenton, B.T.(1998). Familial correlates of anxiety and depression in high risk off spring. Int. sec (B)- Science & Engineering: 59(4-B), 1580. Fombonne, E. (1998). Increased rates of psychological disorders in youth. European Achieves of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 248, 14- 21. Hankin, B.L., Abramson, L.Y., Moffi tt, T.W., Angell, K.E., Silva, P.A., & McGee, R. (1998). Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood : Emerging gender differences in a 10 – years longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107 128-140. Jennings, K.D.& Abrew, A.J (2004). Self effi cacy in 18 month old toddlers of depressed and nondepressed mother. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 25(2), 133-147. Jackson, A.P. & Schemes R. (2005). Single Mother’s self-effi cacy, parenting in the Home Environment and children development in a two way study. Social work research, 29(1), 7-20. Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Swartz, M.S., Blazer, D.G., & Nelson, C.B. (1993). Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey : I. Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, 85-96. Kovacs, M. (1981). Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children. Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 46, 305-315. Kringlen, E., Trgersen, S., & Cramer, V. (2001). A Norweigian Psychiatric epidemiological study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1091-1098. Lamborn, S.D. Mounts, N.S., Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S.M. (1991). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 62, 1049-1065. Liu, Y.L. (2003). Parent child interaction and Children depression : the relationship between parent child interaction and children depressive symptoms in Taiwan. Journal of Adolescence. 26(4), 447- 457. Magnussen, M.G. (1991). Characterstics of depressed and nondepressed children and their parents. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 21, 185-191. Mckenna, E.R. (1999). The relationship between parenting style, level of culture change and depression in Chinese living in the U.S. Int. Sec. (B), The science & Engineering, 59 (7-B) : 3703. Muris, P. (2000). A brief questionnaire for measuring self effi cacy in youth. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioural Assessment. 23(3), 145-149. Muris. P . (2002) Relationship between self effi cacy and symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression in a normal adolescent sample. Personality and Individual Difference. 32 (2), 337-348. Reiss. D. Hetherigton M. Plomin, R. Howe, G.W. (1995). Genetic questions for environmental studies : differential parenting and psychopathology in adolescents. Journal Psychiatry, 52 (11)., 925- 936. Reitman, D., Paula, C.R. Stephan, D., & Cherie, A. (2002). Development and validation of the Parental Authority Questionnaire-Revised. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioural Assessment., 24(2), 119-127. Ruston, J.L., Forcier, M., & Schectman, R.M. (2002). Epidemiology of depressive symptoms in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of American and Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 199-205. Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S.D., Darling, N., Mounts, N.S., & Dornbusch, S.M. (1994). Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful families. Child Development, 65, 754- 770. Van, H., & Yolanda, V. (1997). The relationship of academic self effi cacy and ethnic socialization to mental health outcomes in adolescents. Int. (Sec-B). The science & enngineering ,57 (9-B) : 5936. Weiss, L.H. & Schwartz, J.C. (1996). The relationship between parenting types and older adolescents’ personality, academic achievement, adjustment and substance use. Child Development, 67, 2101-2114. Depression among Adolescents 17

Research has consistently shown that patients who sustain major trauma have long term functional and work productivity limitations. Studies of general trauma and lower limb injury population have suggested that patients who suffer a moderateto-severe injury are vulnerable to psychological morbidity as well. Due to the nature of their duties Security Forces personnel frequently operate in extremely inhospitable terrain and are often required to move fast in adverse conditions. Therefore, fractures of the limbs are not an uncommon occurrence in them. Limb fractures which cause pain, prolonged discomfort, loss of function and /or immobility is expected to produce adverse psychological effects, but have not been systematically studied. Studies of general trauma populations have suggested that patient who suffer a moderate – to – severe injury are vulnerable to psychological morbidity as well. Few studies have focused on psychological distress following severe lower limb injury and documented the poor psychosocial outcomes associated with these injuries (Chaudhury et al, 1998; McCarthy et al, 2003). Behavioral disturbances and psychiatric disorders are reported to be three to fi ve times more frequent among people with injuries severe enough to require a stay in hospital (Malt, 2000). Undetected psychiatric morbidity in medical and surgical wards have been estimated to vary from 20% to 80%, but only a small fraction of these are correctly identifi ed and treated (Gobar et al, 2000; Kuhn et al, 1989; Clark et al, 1998). Failure to diagnose co morbid psychiatric disorders in trauma patients leads to much unalleviated and avoidable suffering to the patient. In addition, maladaptive behavior due to anxiety, depression, acute and chronic brain syndromes, psychoses and substance abuse may modify the clinical presentation and complicate the management of the underlying medical or surgical condition (Kuhn et al, 1989; Clark et al, 1998; Elvy and Gillespie, 1985). It is obvious that the identifi cation and treatment of the psychiatric disorders in these patients may not only improve the ease of treatment but also the speed and completeness of the patient’s recovery. The paucity of Indian work in this fi eld prompted us to undertake the present study. Material and Method: The study was conducted at the Orthopedic Center of a Tertiary Care Hospital on two groups of consecutively admitted male patients with fractures of upper limbs and lower limbs respectively. Equal number of age and sex matched normal subjects without any known medical or psychiatric disorders formed the control group, and underwent all the evaluations along with patients. Socio-demographic data along with the details of the injury were recorded on a specially designed proforma. During the third week of hospitalization, after the initial orthopedic treatment had been completed the patients underwent the following psychological evaluations: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ): The GHQ is a self-administered screening test, which is sensitive to the presence of psychiatric disorders in individuals presenting in primary care settings and non-psychiatric clinical settings. The GHQ is not designed to detect symptoms that occur with specifi c Psychological distress associated with Fractures of Upper and Lower Limbs Suprakash Chaudhury, P. S. Murthy, Indrajeet Banerjee, Shantana Kumari, Sowmya K. Sukumaran and Rohita Vikash It is hypothesized that a substantial number of patients who sustain severe limb injury will report serious psychological distress. However, little is known about psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity associated with limb fractures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity in patients with fractures of upper and lower limb. The study included 100 consecutive patients with fracture of the lower and upper limbs each and an equal number of age and sex matched normal control subjects. All the subjects were screened using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Carroll Rating Scale for Depression (CRSD), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Impact of Events Scale (IES), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). Probable “psychiatric cases” identifi ed by the questionnaires underwent diagnostic psychiatric evaluation. As compared to normal controls the limb fracture patients obtained signifi cantly higher scores on the GHQ, MAST, CRSD, IES & MFI but not on the STAI & PSQ. Psychiatric evaluation revealed signifi cantly higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in lower limb fracture patients (n=37) as compared to upper limb fracture patients (n=20) and control subjects (n=7). Limb fracture patients had a high prevalence of alcohol dependence/abuse (18%) and adjustment disorders (12%). The results indicate that psychological intervention would greatly facilitate the management of these patients. Suprakash Chaudhury, MD, Ph.D., Prof and Head, Dept of Psychiatry, (E-Mail: suprakashch@gmail.com), P.S. Murthy, MD, Consultant Psychiatrist, Bangalore, Indrajeet Banerjee and Shantana Kumari, Research Offi cers, Dept of PSW, Sowmya K. Sukumaran and Rohita Vikash, Ph.D. Scholars, Dept of Clinical Psychology, Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry & Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Kanke, Ranchi-834 006 (Jharkhand). Key Words: limb fracture patients; psychological morbidity; alcohol dependence; depression.

psychiatric diagnoses; rather, it provides a measure of overall psychological health or wellness. The GHQ has both content validity and construct validity. In the present study the shorter version containing 12 items; the GHQ-12 was used. The GHQ-12 has a sensitivity of 89% and specifi city of 80%. (Goldberg, 1972). Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST): The MAST is a 24-item screening instrument designed to identify and assess alcohol abuse and dependence. The MAST has a high internal consistency with an alpha coeffi cient of 0.95 (Gibbs, 1983). Carroll Rating Scale for Depression (CRSD): The CRSD was developed as a self rating instrument for depression, closely matching the information content and specifi c items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The CRSD has acceptable face validity, reliability, internal consistency, as well as concurrent validity with HDRS and Beck Depression Inventory. It can be used to assess the severity of depression. It can also be used as a screening instrument with a score of 10 as a cut-off point (Carroll et al, 1981). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI): The STAI is a self-report assessment device which includes separate measures of state and trait anxiety. The scale has acceptable reliability and validity (Speilberger et al, 1983). Impact of Events Scale (IES): The IES was developed to measure current subjective distress related to a specifi c event. The IES scale consists of 15 items, 7 of which measure intrusive symptoms, 8 tap avoidance symptoms, and combined, provide a total subjective stress score. Both the intrusion and avoidance scales have displayed acceptable reliability (alpha of .79 and .82, respectively), a split-half reliability for the whole scale of .86 and a test-retest reliability of 0.87 for the total stress scores, 0.89 for the intrusion subscale, and 0.79 for the avoidance subscale. The IES has also displayed the ability to discriminate a variety of traumatised groups from non-traumatised groups (Horowitz et al, 1979). Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI): The MFI is a self-report instrument containing 20 statements which cover different aspects of fatigue. These 20 items are organized in fi ve scales. Each scale contains four items. The scales are balanced to reduce the infl uence of response tendencies as much as possible; each scale contains two items indicative of fatigue and two items contra-indicative of fatigue. The fi ve scales measure general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity, reduced motivation and mental fatigue (Smets et al, 1995). The Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ): The PSQ is a 30 question self rating scale for assessment of stress in general (last year or two) and recent (last month) forms. The recent form was utilized in the present study. The recent PSQ has acceptable validity and reliability. Recent PSQ scores are associated with trait anxiety, Cohen’s perceived stress scale, depression, self rated stress and stressful life events (Levenstein et al, 1993). Somatic Inkblot Series-II: The SIS-II Booklet form consisting of 62 images was administered individually after establishing proper rapport. SIS-II protocols were scored for 14 categories according to scoring system developed by Cassell and Dubey (2003). After scoring of the questionnaires, subjects identifi ed as probable “cases” underwent diagnostic psychiatric evaluation independently by two psychiatrists and the psychiatric diagnosis was confi rmed only after the concurrence of both. The psychiatric diagnoses were made as per ICD 10 DCR criteria (WHO, 1993). Statistical comparisons were performed using the Chi square test (with Yates correction) and Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance by ranks. Results: Demographic characteristics of the upper and lower limb fracture patients and control subjects are given in Table 1. There were no statistically signifi cant differences between the groups on any of the demographic characteristics. Analysis of the time of the accidents showed that the majority of injuries (upper limb 68%; lower limb 62%) occurred during the daytime hours. The mean duration of time between accident and initial hospitalization was only 5.1 hours (range of time was 15 min to 21 hours) which is reasonably satisfactory considering the fact that many of the injuries occurred in remote and inaccessible locations and some in counter-insurgency operations. The commonest cause of injury was road traffi c accidents (n = 70). The other causes of injury included injuries on duty (n= 52) followed by accidents on duty (n= 33), and accidents in training and recreational activities (n = 17). Accidents off duty hours (n = 28) accounted for the rest. Analysis of the scores on the psychological tests (Table 2 and 3) revealed that on the GHQ, MAST and CRSD signifi cantly higher numbers of fracture patients were identifi ed as cases as compared to controls. In addition on the GHQ signifi cantly more upper limb fracture patients compared to lower limb fracture patients were identifi ed as “cases”. However, on the IES only the lower limb fracture patients obtained signifi cantly higher total and intrusive subscale scores as compared to upper limb fracture patients and control subjects. On the MFI (Physical) the fracture patients obtained signifi cantly higher scores as compared to the normal controls. Scores on SIS are given in Table 4. Psychiatric disorders in the limb fracture patients and normal controls are shown in Table 5. Psychological distress 19

Table 1 Characteristics of lower limb fracture (LLF, n=100), upper limb fracture (ULF, n=100) and normal Control (n=100) Characteristics LLF patients ULF patients Normal controls Signifi cance Age (in years) Mean 31.22 29.74 30.78 NS S.D. 6.89 6.98 7.50 - Range 20-56 19-48 19-49 - Distribution <30 31-40 NS >40 Rank JCO Hav NS Nk Sep Education 0-5 class 6-10class NS >10 class Marital status Married NS Unmarried Domicile Rural NS Urban Religion Hindu Sikh NS Muslim

NS= Not signifi cant Table 2 Scores obtained by lower limb fracture(LLF) patients (n=100), upper limb fracture(ULF) patients (n=100) and normal controls (n=100) on General health Questionnaire(GHQ), Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Carroll Rating Scale for Depression (CRSD) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Characteristics I. LLF patients II. ULF patients III. Normal controls Signifi cance I vs II I vs III II vs III GHQ Score Mean 4.16 3.19 1.75 S.D. 4.17 3.07 2.19 >5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 MAST Score Mean 2.87 2.36 2.26 SD 3.13 3.39 2.41 >5 NS <0.05 <0.05 CRSD Score Mean 11.06 9.41 5.93 SD 5.75 4.73 2.81 >10 NS <0.05 <0.05 State Anxiety Score Mean 36.84 35.85 33.77 NS NS NS SD 8.62 7.85 7.31 State Anxiety Score Mean 34.88 33.80 31.14 NS NS NS SD 8.26 7.52 7.09 20 Chaudhury et al

Table 3 Scores obtained by lower limb fracture (LLF) patients (n=100), upper limb fracture(ULF) patients (n=100) and normal controls (n=100) on Impact of Events Scale (IES), Multifactorial Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). Tests I. LLF patients II.ULF patients III. Normal controls Signifi cance IvsII IvsIiI IIvsIiI IES Score Intrusive : Mean 8.64 4.46 2.79 <0.05 <0.05 NS S.D. 8.67 4.73 2.91 Avoidance: Mean 13.69 11.95 11.91 NS NS NS S.D. 6.55 7.28 6.76 Total : Mean 21.73 16.41 14.7 <0.05 <0.05 NS S.D. 7.98 7.18 6.32 MFI Score General fatigue : Mean 10.63 9.95 8.76 NS <0.05 <0.05 SD 4.15 4.02 2.70 Physical: Mean 12.14 10.84 10.60 <0.05 <0.05 NS SD 3.69 4.11 4.38 Reduced Activity: Mean 11.10 11.12 10.16 NS NS NS SD 4.42 4.39 3.85 Reduced Motivation: Mean 9.23 8.33 8.68 NS NS NS SD 3.87 3.54 3.03 Mental fatigue: Mean 9.05 8.24 7.84 NS NS NS SD 4.53 4.63 3.74 PSQ Score: Mean 0.48 0.48 0.48 NS NS NS SD 0.09 0.08 0.07 Table 4 Comparison of SIS-II indices of lower limb fracture patients (n=100), upper limb fracture patients (n=100) and normal controls (n=100) SIS-II indices LLF patients ULF patients Normal controls P value Total number of responses 63.6 62.4 61.3 NS Human Response 16.1* 21.5 23.8 <0.05 Animal Responses 6.8 9.9 7.2 NS Anatomical Responses 10.2 13.6 9.5 NS Sex responses 2.1* 1.2* 6.0 <0.05 Movement Responses 1.2 1.7 3.3 NS Most typical responses 5.0* 6.7* 11.5 <0.05 Typical responses 16.3* 18.4* 25.4 <0.05 Atypical responses 45.2* 42.7* 3.8 <0.05 Rejection responses 0.17 0.19 0.7 NS NS = Not signifi cant Table 5 Psychiatric disorders in lower limb fracture(LLF) patients (n=100), upper limb fracture(ULF) patients (n=100) and normal controls (n=100) Psychiatric disorders LLF patients ULF patients Normal controls Organic mental disorder Harmful use of alcohol Alcohol dependence syndrome Alcohol withdrawal state with delirium Drug dependence (opioids) Schizophrenia Acute stress disorder Adjustment disorder Total Chi-square test: LLF patients vs ULF patients : χ2 = ; df=1; P<0.05 LLF patients vs normal controls: χ2 = ; df=1; P<0.01 ULF patients vs normal controls : χ2 = ; df=1; P<0.05 Psychological distress 21

In the present study substance abuse/dependence was the commonest diagnosis seen in 18% of fracture patients while depressive syndromes were second in frequency occurring in 6% patients. It is pertinent to note here that we must differentiate between alcohol use, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence, with alcoholism being more related to how a person drinks than how much. While the occasional drinker may actually be more careful after ingestion, the accident mortality rate for problem drinkers is elevated even when they are not drunk, with the possibility of even greater ex-pression of their psychopathology under the disinhibiting infl uence of alcohol (Gobar et al, 1987). It has been observed that more patients with alcohol related problems are found in orthopedic units than anywhere else in the hospital (Elvy & Gillespie, 1985) and our fi ndings are certainly consistent with this. It has also been reported that alcohol habit may contribute to the accidents, which results in fractures (Rivara et al, 1993). However, in the present study this was found only in three patients. In addition, alcohol abuse and dependence can signifi cantly contribute to serious psychopathology, and while some patients may “medicate” their depression with alcohol, it is also well known that alcohol can cause or aggravate depression. The analysis of the SIS II profi les indicates that the limb fracture patients and normal controls did not differ signifi cantly on the productivity of responses. The three groups were also found to be similar on animal responses, anatomical responses, and movement responses which imply that fracture of upper or lower limbs does not cause or induce somatic preoccupation, does not restrict their imagination and fantasy and does not cause any stereotypical thinking. Signifi cant differences found in interpersonal interaction within the three groups (as indicated by human responses) suggest that there is signifi cant impairment. But when corroborated with the animal responses show that this reduction in interpersonal interaction may be a transitory condition caused by their temporary physical disability. Sexual preoccupation is more in the patients implying their deprivation from sexual activity due to their medical condition. Atypical responses are high in the patient population indicating that their thought process & emotions are deviant from that of the normal subjects or social conformity is less. In the present study out of the 57 patients identifi ed to have psychiatric disorders only seven were referred for psychiatric management. This fi nding highlights the problem of under recognition and under treatment of psychiatric disorders, especially substance abuse disorders, which is well known in all areas of medicine (Gobar et al, 2000; Kuhn et al, 1989; Clark et al, 1998; Mayou & Hawton, 1986). This is regrettable since the general hospital affords one of the best opportunities for identifi cation and Discussion: The present study was conducted on a special group of subjects viz. the security force personnel in counter-insurgency area. Hence the results should be interpreted with caution. However, as seen below, some of the results are in agreement with studies conducted in civil hospitals and therefore the results of the present study can be generalized to the general population. Though injuries related to security force duty (n=102) in areas where they are engaged in low-intensity confl icts are expected, the high number due to road traffi c accidents (n=70) was unexpected but is in agreement with earlier studies on civilian population (Kuhn et al, 1989). This indicates the urgent need for instituting preventive measures aimed at improving army mechanical transport discipline, which could certainly bring down morbidity and mortality from this cause. The signifi cantly higher scores on the CRSD obtained by the limb fracture patients indicating signifi cantly higher levels of depression in the limb fracture patients were on the expected lines and are in agreement with earlier studies (Lesic & Opalic, 2003; Zatzick et al, 2003). However, in contrast to an earlier Indian study (Dubey et al, 1977) anxiety levels in limb fracture patients was not signifi cantly lower than the normal controls. A probable explanation for this could be that in the earlier study patients were evaluated after evacuation from the battle zone, while in the present study they were evaluated in the same area. The major fi nding of our study was the high prevalence of 28.5% of psychiatric disorders in the fairly large sample of patients who sustained a upper or lower limb fracture. The high levels of psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity in the study sample are consistent with the fi ndings of other studies documenting the psychological morbidity associated with physical trauma severe enough to warrant hospitalization. However the 28.5% psychiatric morbidity in present study sample is substantially less than the 48% psychiatric morbidity in patients with severe lower limb injury reported by Mccarthy et al, (2003). Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and other psychiatric disorders of 30% are not uncommon among patients hospitalized for a traumatic injury. However, there has been considerable variation in these rates in previous studies as a result of (1) use of different instruments and methods to assess psychiatric morbidity; (2) Variations in terms of type of injury, patient demographics and exclusion criteria; (3) differences in the timing of assessments; and (4) factors infl uencing psychosocial outcome such as pre-injury psychological morbidity. In fact one factor contributing to lower prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in the present study could be the total absence of preexisting psychiatric morbidity in the sample. 22 Chaudhury et al

Gobar, A.H, Collins,J.L and Mathura, C.B. (1987) Utilisation of a consultation-liaison psychiatry service in a general hospital. Journal of the National Medical Association, 79: 505-8. Goldberg, D.P. (1972) The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. London: Oxford University Press, Horowitz, M, Wilner, N and Alvarez, W. (1979) Impact of event scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41:209-18. Kuhn ,W.F, Bell, R.A, Netscher, R.E, Seligman, D and Kuki, S.O.(1989) Psychiatric assessment of leg fracture patients: A pilot study. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 19; 145-54. Lesic, A and Opalic, P. (2003) Psychopathologic reactions in orthopedic patients Srp Arh Celok Lek. 31(7-8):306-10. Levenstein, S., Prantera. C, Varvo. V, Scribano, M,L, Berto, E, Luzi, C and Andreoli, A. (1993) Development of the Perceived stress questionnaire: A new tool for psychosomatic research. J Psychosom Res 37:19-32. Malt, U.F. (2000) Psychiatric aspects of accidents, burns and other trauma. In Gelder MG, Lopez- Ibor JJ, Andreasen N. (eds). New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. Oxford: Oxford University Press,1185-93. Mayou, R and Hawton, K. (1986) Psychiatric disorder in the general hospital. Br J Psychiatry 149: 172- 90. McCarthy, M.L., MacKenzie, E.J., Edwin, D., Bosse, M.J., Castillo, R.C., Starr, A. & the LEAP study group.(2003) Psychological distress associated with severe lower-limb injury. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, 85 A: 1689-1697. Smets, E.M.A, Garssen, B., Bonke, B., Haes, de JCJM. (1995) The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI): Psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. J Psychosom Res 39:315-25. Speilberger ,C.D, Gorsuch, R.L, Lushene, R, Vogg, P.R and Jacobs, G.A. (1993) State Trait Anxiety Inventory. California: Consulting Psychological Press, 1-12. WHO (1993) The ICD-10 Classifi cation of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1-248. Zatzick, D.F., Russo, J.E. and Katon, W.(2003) Somatic, Posttraumatic Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among Injured Patients Treated in Trauma Surgery. Psychosomatics 44:479-484. treatment of these conditions. Obviously surgeons and especially orthopedic surgeons need to become aware of the co-morbid psychiatric disorders that commonly exist in their patients. The psychopathology found in the limb fracture patients in the present study is potentially serious. In addition to causing signifi cant psychological distress to the patient, they may also adversely affect the overall treatment. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms with resulting uncooperativeness may lead to increased rate of complications. Alcohol induced organic mental disorders may cause confusion and even delirium. Depression, apart from causing emotional suffering, may lead to pessimism, negativism or even self-punishing behavior, which could jeopardize plans for ongoing fracture treatment. The maladaptive behavior may alienate the patient from the caregivers leading to serious management problems and complicating recovery. The inescapable conclusion is that psychiatric assistance will defi nitely facilitate in hospital management thereby increasing the prognosis for uncomplicated recovery of limb fracture patients managed by orthopedic surgeons. In order to obtain an optimal recovery following limb fractures, surgeons must address both the physical and the psychological needs of their patients. References: Carroll, B.J, Feinberg, M, Smouse, P.E, Rawson, S.G and Greden, J.L. (1981) The Carroll rating scale for depression. Br J Psychiatry, 138: 194-200. Cassell, W.A. and Dubey, B.L. (2003). Interpreting Inner World through Somatic Imagery: Manual of Somatic Inkblot Series. SIS Center, Anchorage, Alaska. Chaudhury, S. Dinker, N.L. and Sharma, A.K. (1998) Psychiatric evaluation of leg fracture patients. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 40: 46-49. Clark D.A, Cook A, Snow, D.(1998) Depressive symptom differences in hospitalised medically ill, depressed psychiatric inpatients and nonmedical controls. J Abnormal Psychol 107: 38-48. Dubey B.L, Singh, R and Budhiraja, S.K.(1977) Anxiety in limb injury cases during Indo-Pak confl ict-MJAFI, 33:454-8. Elvy G.A and Gillespie, W.J. (1985)Problem drinking in orthopedic patients. J Bone Joint Surg, 67B: 478-81. Gibbs, LE. (1983)Validity and reliability of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: A review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 12: 279-85. Rivara,F.P, Jurkovich, G.J, Gurney, J.G, et al. (1993) The magnitude of acute and chronic alcohol abuse in trauma patients. Arch Surg. 128:907– 913. Psychological distress 23

Because of their intangible nature and fl uctuating course over time affective disorders pose challenges in evaluation and management. This occurs in Bipolar Disorder (BD). In this cyclic disturbance, an individual’s mood state at one stage may be euphoric and then, shortly afterwards the opposite. Objectivity in assessment is enhanced by the Somatic Inkblot Series (SIS). This projective technique can provide a symbolic source of clinical data enriching traditional diagnostic/ treatment processes. The symbolism can tap into rich healing streams of natural healing imagery not discernable with other assessment techniques. Projective information can be released either directly or in symbolic form whose historical signifi cance may be invisible to the responder. This will be illustrated by means of a case history presentation involving a twenty one year old female medical student in a depressed phase of BD. There are many puzzles in attempting to put together a scientifi cally sustainable hypothetical model for BD. An interesting one involves the observation that intellectually endowed creative individuals are more prone to develop this condition (Santosa, 2006). Biological Dimensions of BD: While this affective cyclic syndrome is categorized as a “mental disorder”, like many, BD appears to have an underlying genetically determined neurobiological component. Those suffering from this manic or hypo manic phases of disorder frequently have a positive family history (Kelsoe, 2000, McGuffi n et al, 2003). Moreover they tend to have a characteristic response to specifi c types of medication. Mood stabilizing drugs directed at altering neurotransmitters (e.g. Lithium, Valproate, Lamotrigine etc) are indicated as the primary treatment agents. In sharp contrast, antidepressants are contraindicated, if contemplated as the sole pharmacotherapy approach. If mistakenly administered in the absence of a mood stabilizer, they may aggravate the condition. BD can be life threatening (Osby, et al 2001). It has been estimated that approximately fi ve percent of sufferers commit suicide. Over the longitudinal course of the illness noncompliance with medication is a common problem. Fortunately with accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy necessarily involving medication supplemented by appropriate psychological intervention, the prognosis may be positive. Modern studies focusing on the neurobiology have reported a reduction in the density of regional brain neurons. In comparison with matched controls, a magnetic resonance imaging one study reported that BD patients show a 39% reduction in left subguenal prefrontal cortex gray matter volume (Drevets et al, 1997). Remarkably enough, there is evidence suggesting that medication may have both neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects (Gray et al 2003). Diagnostic Dilemmas: BD is a recurrent affective condition having mania or hypomania at least once. Over the individual’s lifetime, the affective highs are usually intermixed with episodes of debilitating depression. Diagnostic guidelines have been set out in DSM-IV and the International Classifi cation of Diseases -10 and Ghaemi et al (2008)). Recently members of The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) have proposed revisions because of ongoing problems in diagnostic categorization (Mitchell,et al,2008). One concerns the fact that Unipolar Major Depression is sometimes erroneously diagnosed, instead of BD (Stensland et al, 2008). Since there is a high degree of symptom overlap between the two, clinicians sometimes fails to consider the longitudinal history involving undetected mood elevation episodes (Kerr et al, 2005). Ideally, in view of the protracted SIS Detection of Invisible Imagery in Bipolar Depression Radhe Shyam, Wilfred A. Cassell and Bankey L.Dubey Mental disorders are less tangible than medical conditions that ordinarily have more objective diagnostic determinants. For the former, objectivity in interviewing may be enhanced by the clinical application of the SIS projective technique. This semi structured series of semi structured “inkblots” provide a symbolic source of data which can enrich traditional diagnostic/ treatment processes. The projected symbolism can tap into rich healing streams of natural spirituality not reachable by non projective techniques. This approach’s clinical application will be illustrated in a twenty one year old female medical student suffering from Bipolar Depression (BD). Radhe Shyam, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Psychology, M.D.University, Rohtak- 124001(India) Cell:91- 9416312480 Email: radheyshyam1111@yahoo.co.in, Wilfred A.Cassell, M.D., FAPA, Director SIS Center, 4501 East, 104th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99508, Email:siscassell2@yahoo.com, and Bankey L. Dubey, Ph.D.,DPM, Director, SIS Center, 4406 Forrest Road, Anchorage, AK 99507(USA) Email:bldubey@gmail.com Key Words: SIS in Bipolar Depression.

Detection of Invisible Imagery 25 time dimensions, projective assessment should be repeated periodically to document the cyclic mood swings. SIS based electronic records documenting such fl uctuations represent the wave of the future. A longitudinal approach is essential. Individuals with elevated mood may experience cognitively impairing euphoria causing them to lack insight into their abnormal mental state. Moreover, once they subsequently slip into depression, usually for periods that are much longer than the highs, their memory for their previous affective elevation may become blurred. To complicate the dynamic clinical picture in the euthymic state persistent low level neurocognitive defects can further blur insight (Zubieta, 2001, Nowatowska, 2005). In severe cases, the contaminating presence of features such as delusions and hallucinations may mimic a variety of psychotic conditions. At the lower end of the severity scale, the clinical presentation can mimic fl uctuating mood states in psychologically stressed individuals, such as those suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). International studies are in progress designed to throw light on BD’s cyclic nature, as well as to identify optimal treatment strategies. For example, in the United States there is a national longitudinal study called the Systematic Treatment program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD). Sachs et al (2003). Examples of the information that have been derived from are the following: Of those with BD who met the criteria for recovery, approximately 5% relapsed each month, and about 80% manifested depression. In regard to rapid cycling, 32% met the criteria. There was also a high comorbidity rate with substance and alcohol abuse. In recent years, BD has been diagnosed much more frequently, especially in children and adolescents Moreno et al , 2007). In this age group, the disorder may be expressed as affect storms presenting a clinical picture resembling Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder and various adjustment disorders. In America the trend to diagnosis BD more frequently is not without controversy (Zimmerman et al, 2008). BD Depression: At present clinical investigators have no clear cut reliable diagnostic criteria for categorizing BD depression (Mitchell et al, 2008). Consequently there is a pressing need for psychobiological research. Moreover there is ongoing controversy about management since treatment strategies may be quite different throughout the mood cycle. The depressed phases occur three times more often than the affect highs (Judd et al, 2002) and last for longer periods (Miklowitz et al,2007). Formulating an optimal case specifi c pharmacological/ psychological treatment plan during the depressive phase can be challenging. In our present state of knowledge, there may be potential pitfalls in the use of antidepressant medication, even when used in conjunction with a mood stabilizer. Although many experienced clinicians believe that mood elevating drugs may be temporarily indicated, there is criticisms regarding this treatment strategy. Critics contend that antidepressant likely has a lower effi cacy in BD depression based upon controlled studies in which the data do not support any real mood elevating benefi ts. Moreover, there are potential risks since in the STEP-BD study those who received antidepressants were 3.8 times more likely to experience rapid cycling during the follow-up year. At present this still is an unresolved treatment issue. An Adjunctive Psychosocial Treatment: In view of the above, recently psychosocial treatments have been more widely studied. For example, in the STEP-BD longitudinal study, 293 outpatients treated with protocol medication management were randomly assigned to intensive psychotherapy (30 sessions in 9 months) or collaborative care (3 sessions in 6 weeks).Those participating in intensive psychotherapy had statistically signifi cantly better recovery rates. Consistent with research focusing on psychological adjunctive therapy, the following case history explores the use of SIS in BP Depression. Clinical History: The 21 year old female medical student under consideration was fi rst diagnosed with BD in her early teenage. At that time she was initiated on mood stabilizing medication which enabled her to continue her studies. During later adolescence there was one stressful episode worthy of comment. During a depressive phase because of poor motivation, she received an unusually low grade in class 5 on a term examination. With the prompting of a boy in her class and to avoid her family discovering it, she tore up the report. After learning about this incident, her teacher ordered her to inform her parents. Fearing their angry response, she stayed away from classes for a month in a stressful state of “terror”. When her parents discovered this, their concern for their talented daughter motivated them to seek a tutor. After enquiring they found an educated compassionate man to tutor their daughter. At the time his health was somewhat marginal due to a congenital heart problem. The reason that he was available as a tutor was his poor health which had previously prevented his achieving a higher level of employment in the Indian railroad.

26 Radhe Shyam et al As part of the tutor employment contract, he moved in with the family. Gradually over a four to fi ve year period her respect and affection for him grew. Eventually he became a positive mentor for her so that she began affectionately calling him “Uncle”. With his effective tutoring and psychological support, she then became a successful student. Eventually she moved away from her village to Delhi for higher level education. After two years her “Uncle” partially faded from her mind. As was medically expected, during this period his cardiac function drastically deteriorated .When this became life threatening, he contacted the girl’s biological uncle for assistance. This man facilitated his emergency hospitalization in Delhi. Little could be done medically and as a result he died shortly after being admitted. Unfortunately her family had not realized the psychological importance of her “uncle” to their daughter and failed to notify her in a timely manner. Initial Interview: In the initial interview prior to SIS assessment, the interviewer when enquiring into her past history learned that her later life BD symptoms had intensifi ed after a moving to Delhi for advanced studies. Away from her family, she felt homesick and lonely. Previously she was an outstanding student planning to prepare for medical school entrance examinations. Initially she achieved suffi cient grades to enable her to register for dental education. However, since she was motivated to become a physician, she had to repeat the year in order to obtain higher marks. Then she was successful in getting accepted for medical school. Next relevant information was obtained regarding the more recent stress related to the death of her “Uncle”. In speaking about this she emphatically complained that her family’s oversight had “hurt” her deeply. She seemed bitter and angry. She complained that her parents were “without feelings”, “thankless” and “selfi sh”. From her overall clinical presentation it was readily apparent to the interviewer that she had not processed her grief. She was preoccupied with affect charged death images of her “Uncle”. A vivid example of this preoccupation was reported. She recalled projecting an image of him onto a person in a TV serial. This individual was apparently suffering from a similar congenital cardiac condition. She pessimistically imagined that he would also die and found the television program quite upsetting. During this period she became more noncompliant with the prescribed medication and her BD depression worsened. Recognizing this, her psychiatrist referred for SIS assessment. Relevant Answers to the SIS “Brief Health History”: Her current medication involved a mood stabilizer (Lithium carbonate 800 mgm daily) and an antidepressant drug (Stablon 12.5 mgm TDS). (During the early years of pharmacotherapy she had been relatively compliant. However, especially since learning of her tutor’s death, she claimed that medication was not helping her. This was her rationalization for not following her psychiatrist’s medication plan). In answering the pain related SIS questions, she complained of “generalized body aches” and “painful knees”. Somehow in her depressed state, she pessimistically perceived her somatic discomfort as aggravated by the medication. In regard to the question about “somatic focused anxiety”, she reported concern about “breast and tummy” - “breasts too oversized and tummy too large with fatty sides”. Lastly under the heading of mental problems she listed the following: “ Insomnia…overeating… inferiority complex…make a plan daily but rarely implement them…hope that the next day will be better…feeling detached to everything… including family members”. Responses to the Booklet Version of SIS-II: In preparation for viewing the projected SIS responses the interviewer is well advised to adopt an empathetic posture. Unlike non projective tests that foster cognitive detachment, the SIS requires emotional involvement and intimate identifi cation with the responder. Part of the reason for this may relate to the conceptual model of infective empathetic communication. If someone observes another yawning, this involuntarily activates a refl ex neural stimulus engendered in the observer’s brain to yawn. Basic science studies indicate that this refl ex is experienced in a variety of animals. Apart from yawning, emotions are similarly refl ex transmitted between humans. With regard to BD, an ideal solution for a professional who feels down after empathizing with an individual in the severely depressed phases, is to next see one with a hypo manic infectious euphoria. Of course this is not realistic, but it does illustrate the point of discussion. Regarding empathetic transmission of feelings in clinical interviews, these are analogous to using a low power microscope in inspecting pathological slide. In contrast, when the SIS clinician inspects graphic affect charged symbolic SIS responses, the affect transmission is much more vivid. It is comparable to a high power microscope enabling the viewer to more actively empathize with the depths of psyche suffering. Yet this can expose the interviewer to secondary empathetic trauma. For example, if a psychotherapist is treating military victims of PTSD tormented by “mutilated” body imagery in their recurrent

Detection of Invisible Imagery 27 nightmares, this clinician’s brain will be fl ooded each day with similarly stressful symbolic SIS responses. Fortunately, this degree of stress will not be reached in the case under present review. To maximize the empathetic connection with this suffering medical student, consider fi rst entering a yogic state of meditation. Then independently view the SIS-II Booklet series of images compare and contrast your subjective feelings and perceptions of the SIS stimuli with those reported by her. This proposed exercise might be best done at your bedtime. In this way, you may program a blending of your own inner world visions, with those projected by this suffering young woman. Perhaps what you subsequently dream may mysteriously merge her unique images refl ecting positive, neutral or negative spirituality with your own. Responses given by patient on SIS-II images: A1: 1. Two squirrels 2. Two lady dancing A2: A Devil A3: 1. A Scare crow with hands widened. 2. A Cross A4: 1. A Pen stand 2. A Toy A5: 1. Some transverse section 2. A Person standing with halo may be an angel and a pigeon fl ying over him A6: 1. Some kind of ghost

2. Wearing shoes

3. A ball as making a furious gesture. A7: 1. A lady with an apple

2. Dancing lady. A8: A football A9: 1. Two Arabian women dancing 2. Two hair clips. A10: Face of a female with edema, eye make up and having granuloma on right eye A11: 1. It is a toilet seat 2. It can be an open up uterus. A12: External ear with prominent lobule A13: Someone being trapped there and asking for help A14: A pretty girl standing on a lonely beach with rock behind her A15: 1. An Embryo attached with a placenta 2. Esophagus with stomach & small intestine. A16: Two birds meeting. A17: 1. Open up thorax. 2. A Shirt

3. A tooth A18: A Burning Candle (Indian Lamp) A19: 1. Large intestine with some part of small intestine 2. A shadow of stomach. A20: Two bean shaped kidneys with uterus, urinary bladder & urethra. A21: A woman wearing an overcoat with her two kids, having a happy time together. A22: Screw driver. A23: A vertebral column. A24: It is a blind well & 2 people are thrown. A25: Inside of a fl ower with a stalk. A26: Tympanic membrane. A27: Female breast, vulgar breast. A28: Some body is posing for some health magazine. A29: A Hut at a distant area & a storm has come. A30: A ghost or some one is wearing a mask. A31: A male & female facing each other. B1: It is a fl ame B2: Some kind of fat Devil B3: Four people inside a dark tunnel B4: A young and old ghost discussing in the dark B5: Two sibling playing ball B6: It is a jeans Trouser B7: A juvenile fl ower B8: Moon B9: A pair of kidneys B10: A bear family mother father and two kids B11: 1. A pair of lungs, 2. Waist coat, 3. Two owls B12: A Devil dying of dehydration in some desert areas B13: Mahatma Buddha’s face B14: Pelvic with spinal cord B15: A female in a garden being thrown sharp weapons upon

28 Radhe Shyam et al B16: A mess hall B17: A face in darkness may be of ghost B18: Two thieves standing in darkness and planning something B19: Octopus B20: Brain B21: A thrown up candle stand. A hammer B22: A small boy standing alone and thinking something B23: A crab. A Skelton of thorax B24: Twins sharing some placenta fetus B25: Pelvic inlet. Two dolphins dancing B26: A uterus with two ovaries B27: A small child dancing in front of mirror B28: A small girl playing with a toy B29: A scared child running inside home B30: Transverse section of cerebral hemisphere B31: Four brothers and sisters playing a game together Assessing SIS Responses: Initial attention will be her response to the three “Most liked” SIS stimuli: B31 : “Four brothers and sisters playing together.” and B27 “A small child being in front of a mirror and being happy.” These triggered the release from long term storage memories of a “happy” childhood. It appears that this fl ashback in time took her to the early years prior to leaving her family. Here the affectionate memories of her childhood would suggest a more hopeful prognosis. A21 : It might be noted that a similar “happy” scene was projected in relation to A21: “A woman wearing an overcoat with two kids having a happy time together.” A13 : The third one that she rated as “liked” was A13 “Someone being trapped there and asking for help…this card conveys great meaning…and I praise the art.” She also liked that it had “great meaning” since it further allowed her to express her “trapped” feelings. She appreciated having established positive rapport with the interviewer. In spite of her depressed mood, she still had persistent hope that treatment would help her. Overall, the above projective material evoked by A13 suggested that there might be a better outcome hope if her family were involved in counseling to improve communication and restore childhood based affectionate bonds. A14 : “A pretty girl standing on a lonely beach with a rock behind her.” This response represents a direct projection of her own desired body image, as well as her loneliness. The three “Least liked” SIS stimuli were as follows: B29 : “A child is running inside home…very scared” This symbolically portrayed her regressive wishes to magically travel back in time to the happy bliss of childhood. The symbolism also refl ects her high anxiety. In her inner world she yearns to be safe again “as a child”. Clearly this fantasy could not be fulfi lled in the real world so she felt “very scared”. Apart from having BD, the life of a medical student is highly stressful (Streeramareddy,et al 2007). She had the additional stress of feeling isolated from her family. B12 : “A person trapped in the desert dying of hunger and thirst” This symbolically again depicted her sense of isolation and imprisonment.” She was “hungry” for emotional support and sustenance. The severe death symbolism signaled the need for follow-up enquiry into possible unreported suicidal ideation. It will be elaborated upon further in considering B13. The fact that she originally wrote “Devil” instead of “person” will also be discussed subsequently. A27 : Here the “vulgar breast” reference is consistent with both her body image disturbances reported in the Brief Health History, and dissatisfaction with her feminine body image. Given her sense of social isolation, it is understandable that she has turned to food for emotional nurturance, ultimately causing weight gain ( “fatty sides”). This information needed to be appraised clinically since her weight gain could result from an unwanted side effect of her medication. This may have played a key role in her reluctance to continue the medication. (In the longitudinal treatment plan, the risks/benefi ts of psychotropic medication are always an issue. Unfortunately with long term Lithium therapy, sometimes thyroid function may be depressed. This endocrine defi ciency if untreated can lead to new mental problems. low energy, depressed mood etc). Next attention will be given to other clinically relevant SIS responses as follows: A2 : “A Devil.” This SIS stimulus was highly threatening to her. It took 85 seconds to

Detection of Invisible Imagery 29 emerge in projective consciousness before being reported. The content denotes an evil representation, which culturally may depict her previously noted negative impression of her parents. In her inner world is might also symbolize how she thinks about this aspect of herself for her satanic like rage towards them. She was torn apart by the internal battle between good and evil. Her positive impulses and wish for spiritual peace surfaced protectively in visualizing B13 as Mahatma Buddha’s face. In terms of depicting her inner struggle, the timing is noteworthy. This beautiful symbol was brought to the surface in spiritual consciousness, immediately after the demonic one, evoked by B12: “A Devil dying of dehydration in some desert area” . The outcome here with the “Devil dying” points to her residual hope that the positive forces within her will overcome the satanic ones.. It is noteworthy that at the end when rating the responses for threat, she wrote “person”. Here the substitution signifi ed a repression of the evil - a mental victory for the forces within her for good. Some of those devoted to SIS intervention may choose to address this struggle or refer her to spiritual advisors.. It is a universal battle that humans philosophically face. A3 “A scarecrow with hands widened.” This symbol continues at a lower level of intensity her anxiety charged projection onto A2. A5 “Some transverse section.” People in the medical fi eld frequently project anatomy responses. Consistent with this familiarity, she gave a total of twenty one anatomical responses. This pointed to her hypochondria and somatic anxiety, apart from “familiarity”. Her second vision is also clinically relevant. “A person standing with a halo…may be an angel and pigeon fl ying over him.” This response denoted her deceased tutor, who was such a good surrogate “uncle”. This symbolism will be elaborated upon further in reviewing A6 “Some kind of ghost.” Commonly the culture based irrational notion of “ghosts” symbolize souls of deceased people. It might be inferred that this response again refl ected preoccupation with her “uncle”. Recall that she reported having emphatically projected a death image of him, while viewing television. Follow-up questions need to be raised regarding the possibility that she may be dreaming of him. Perhaps she might also similarly sense his supportive spiritual presence while awake, or with Yoga meditation.. In a future psychotherapeutic interview, it might be helpful to correct any fears that she might have from this “irrational” experience. The interviewer might reassure her that many grieving humans have similar spiritual loving visitations from a deceased one. This reassurance could augment hope thereby facilitating future positive spiritual growth and healing. Finally attention might be given to the third mental picture projected “A ball…as making a furious gesture.” This again refl ected her fury at the family’s neglecting to immediately inform her of his emergency hospitalization. She felt “deeply “hurt” and cheated. A14 “A pretty girl standing on a lonely beach with a rock behind her.” This symbolized her own desired body image and loneliness. A24 “It is a blind well and two people are thrown. At a personal level this again symbolically depicted her sense of being “trapped”. At an interpersonal level, it may have denoted her initial rage towards her parents for their delay in informing her of her tutor’s hospitalization. A29 “A hut at a distant area and a storm has come. “This denoted her isolation, loneliness and her affect “storm’ of fury.” A30 “A ghost or someone is wearing a mask.” The “ghost” symbol has been previously reviewed. The “mask” symbolizes her external persona. B2 “Some kind of fat Devil.” The “Devil” symbol again emerged only this time as “Fat”. As noted, on the inside her rage mey make her perceive this aspect of herself as a “Devil”. The “fatness” refers to her own negative feelings about her obesity. B4 “A young and old ghost discussing in darkness.” The “ghost” theme continues. Perhaps her response could depict her memories or dream imagery of conversations between herself and her deceased tutor. B15 Consistent with her feeling of entrapment and intense hurt, she imagined this to remind her of “A female in a garden being thrown sharp weapons upon her.” B17 “A face in darkness. may be a ghost.” Here, in spite of her heightened projective awareness of anatomical SIS structure, her visual apparatus inhibited the cardiac structure embedded in the external stimulus. What was substituted was her tutor’s “ghost” imagery. An additional determinant of the somatic repression may have been that her “uncle” died as a result of heart pathology.

30 Radhe Shyam et al B18 “Two thieves standing in darkness planning something”. Here she failed to detect the phallic symbolism substituting symbolism related to the battling satanic forces of evil raging inside. Some of the confl ict might relate to her cultural and educational need to postpone sexual gratifi cation. While other responses are of interest, only two others will be analyzed, both “invisible”to her: B22 involved her failure to recognize the SIS structure as “A person dying whose soul is leaving the body”. Of course not all responder see this, but it view of her “uncle’s” recent death, this avoidance is psychologically signifi cant. Notice that when mentally processing this fi gure, her mental mechanisms transformed it into a vertical position to avoid the dying posture. Then her mind projected onto the fi gure in had regressive characteristics of “A small boy standing alone thinking about something”. B28 “A small girl playing with a toy “. This in itself is not unusual. However, her failure to detect a loving image of a mother holding a child also has signifi cance. It refl ected her isolation from her mother. Discussion: Let us have reverence for the healing spirituality surfacing in this young woman suffering from BD depression. Several of the noteworthy symbols projected refl ected her ongoing struggle between life and death forces within her. This symbolism would indicate the importance of subsequently checking unreported suicidal ideation. The loss of her tutor resulted in unresolved inhibited grief. Her need for follow-up therapy to assist in grieving was dramatically illustrated blindness to the invisible dying fi gure in B22. Because of the intensity of her repression, it might be that hypnotherapy exploring this response could assist in releasing her grief imagery. A case that was presented years ago in this journal described how hypnotically viewing the embedded structure in B22 therapeutically released frozen grief (Savage,2004). Her detachment from the emotional support of her mother was refl ected in her response to B28. Like her response to A13, this brought out the need for family psychosocial intervention. Given these events, it is understandable how BD depression deepened producing new symptoms. One involved her noncompliance with medication which further added to the downward mood spiral. Perhaps the SIS facilitated trip into this young woman’s invisible inner world may have induced some degree of secondary empathetic dysphoria in the reader. Exit this self induced state knowing that what you have learned, may prove helpful in administering the SIS. The analysis of her overall responses illustrated how in such a case, the interviewer need not just focus on differential diagnosis considerations. The projective data can be examined to throw light on a variety of other clinical issues, such as what accounts for medication noncompliance. Are there unreported safety issues such as suicidal or homicidal ideation? Are there unreported distortions in the individual’s transference of distorted perceptions onto the image of the therapist based upon current stressors (e.g. death of a supportive fi gure). What is the psychological coloring of somatic symptoms ranging from anxiety/ stress arousal related psychophysiologic discomforts at one extreme of a spectrum to psychotic somatic delusions at the other? Are their concealed paranoid fears of taking medication etc. etc.? All who devote themselves to becoming masters of this projective technique are again encouraged to empathetically move away from the emotional distancing associated with non projective testing. This invitation involves establishing a personal tutorship type of psychotherapeutic relationship to release nature’s inherent life healing forces. Be guided in using our SIS structured interviewing by the rich Indian history linking a Yoga master’s devotion to a novice trainee. The interpretations were presented modestly in that the authors realize that each reader may have different innovative insights. After all, interpretations of projective responses have to be fi ltered through a lens comparing normative response data, with the interviewer’s own subjective colored SIS stimulated imagery. In viewing B22, most interpreters would likely have potentially distorting emotionally charged memories involving death of a loved one. If verbal associations to a projected grief response to B22 were being explored concurrent with a clinician’s anniversary reaction, this likely would strongly infl uence the interpretation/therapeutic recommendations. As a new communication dimension in our July 2009 issue, feedback from the readers will be published to further clarify her symbolic SIS responses of teaching cases previously presented.. The authors welcome those who wish to contribute their interpretative insights, criticisms and suggestions.

References: Drevets,W.C. Price,J.L., and Simpson, J.R.Jr (1997) Subgenual Prefrontal Cortex Abnormalities in Mood Disorders. Nature,386 (6627);824-827. Geller, B. (2008) Prospective Continuity with Adult Biopolar I Disorder: Characteristics of Second and ThirdEpisodes: Predictor of 8 years outcome. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 65(10) 1125-1133. Gray,N.A., Zhou,R. and Du,J. (2003) The Use of Mood Stabilizers as plasticity Enhancers in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorder. J.Clinical Psychiatry,64(5): 3-17. Judd,L.L., Akiskal,H.S. and Schettler,P.J. (2002) the Long Term Natural History of the weekly Symptomatic Status of Biopolar Disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 59(6) 530-537. Kelsoe, J.R. (2000 ) “A genome survey indicates a possible susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder on chromosone 22.” Systems Biology Conference. Science Sessions. PNAS Podcasts. Kerr, N., Scott,J. and Phillips,M (2005) “Patterns of attention defi cits and emotional bias in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder” British J of Clinical Psychiatry 44: 343-356. McGuffi n, P.; Rijsdijk, F.;Andrew, M.; Sham, P. and Cardno, A.(2003) “ The heritability of bipolar affective disorder and the genetic relationship to univocal depression.” Archives of General Psychiatry(60)No.5 May. . Miklowitz,D.J.,Otto,M.W. and Frank,E.(2007) Psychosocial Treatments for Biopolar depression: A One Year Randomized Trial from the Systematic Treatment Enhance Program. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 64(4): 419-427. Moreno, C.; Laje, G.; Blanco, C.; Jiang, H.; Schmidt, A B. and Offson, M. (September 2007) “National trends in the outpatient diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in youth.” Archives of Gen Psych.64 (9) 1032-39. Nowatowska (2005)‘”Temperamental commonalities and differences in euthymic mood disorder patients , creative controls, and healthy controls.” J Affect Disord 2005 ,Mar.85(1-2) 207-15. Osby, U.; Brandt, L; Correia , N,; Eckborn, A; and Sparen,P. (2001), Excess mortality in bipolar and unipolar disorder in Sweden.:” Archives of General Psychiatry 58(9): 844-850 Sachs, G.S., Thase, M.E. and Otto, M.W. (2003) Rationale, Design and Methods of the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program inBiopolar Disorder. (STEP-BD) Bio-Psychiatry, 53(11)1028- 1042. Santosa (2006) “ Enhanced Creativity in Bipolar Patients: A Controlled Study.” J Affect Disord. November 23. Savage, George. (2001) The Adjunctive Use of a Projective Technique with Hypnotherapy. SIS J. Proj, Psy. & Mental Health,8: 41-50. Savage, George. (2003) The Diagnostic Value of the SIS in Treating a Child with Panic Attacks during the Post-Divorce Period: A Clinical Case Study. SIS J. Proj, Psy. & Mental Health, 10: 219-224. Stensland,M.D., Schultz, J.F. and Frytak, J.R. (2008) Diagnosis of Unipolar Depression Following Initial Identifi cation of Biopolar Disorder: A Common and Costly Misdiagnosis. J.Clinical Psychiatry,69(5): 749-758. Streeramareddy, C T., Shankar, P. R,; Mukhopadhyay. V. S. B. , Ray, B. and Menezes, R G. (2007)“Psychological morbidity, sources of stress and coping among undergraduate medical students of Nepal” BMC Medical Education, on line publication, August doi:10.1186/1472- 6920-7-26. Zimmerman, M., Ruggero, C.J., Chelminski,I. and Young, D. (2008) Is Biopolar Disorder over diagnosed? J.Clinical Psychiatry,69(2): 161-174. Zubieta, J-K,; Huguelet, P.; O’Neil, R L. and Giordani, B J. (May10,2001)”Cognitive function in euthymic Bipolar 1 Disorder” Psychiatry Research 102 (1) 9-20. Detection of Invisible Imagery 31

Many psychologists, that study proprium by means of projective techniques, do not believe the perspective search of the unifi ed theory, combining the interpreting peculiarities of the responses, given to projective stimuli such as Rorschach inkblot test with the personal characteristics, as far as the projective technique doesn’t meet the requirements of the proprium test from the view point of psychometrics (Burlachuk, 1997). While some other psychologists and clinicians, for instance A. Anastasi, B. Dubey, W. Cassell, consider the projective techniques to be more effective in detecting some hidden, veiled or unconscious of a proprium features (Anastasi, 1982; Cassell & Dubey, 2003; Murstein, 1963). Projective techniques and psychometric methods certainly have their merits and demerits each. And as far as they have different diagnostic objects different requirements are specifi ed to projective techniques and psychometric methods. All the psychodiagnostic techniques must comply with the certain standards that have been formulated by Psychometrics. Any test must correspond to the exact requirements of validity, authenticity and reliability. In this regard validity of the psychometric test, according to A. Anastasi - is, fi rst of all, prognostic validity: that implies ability to preconceive the prospective behavior of a testee or to classify the test subjects on the basis of the defi nite psychological quality (such as: uneasiness, etc). Valid and authentic psychometrical test is capable of preconceiving the testee’s behavior in standard situations, as far as it is based on the stimulation of the relevant parameters of the situation in question within the course of standard test procedure. In the reality situations reproduced within test examination a testee on the phenomenal report level reveals the behavioral peculiarities that are fi xed in the test results. All the regularities of psychic phenomena, which are the subject matter of psychological statistics, have the statistical nature and are based on the assumption of test regularities frequency. The fact that none of standard test procedures is able to explain the reasons of a particular phenomenon under study can be included with the demerits of psychometric techniques. Consequently psychometric hypothesis stands in apparent contradiction with the main principles of the clinical psychology, treating the human nature as unique and inimitable holism by means of the projective technique, which is more appropriate. It is only projective technique that is able to reconstruct the entire confi guration of the proprium, disclose its unconscious aspects, and to overcome the instinctive effort of a testee to show the best features of his or her nature. But, unfortunately, the projective method is unable to include to the full extent the analyzing methods having statistic nature. There exists a certain measurement paradox: either we get rather perfect knowledge of fi nite psychological aspect (applying psychometric tests), or we get faint and practically nonverifi able knowledge of the whole (applying the principle of projection). The most common defi nition of psychometric test is as follows: test is concise diagnostic technique supported by the experiment, statistically valid and implying standard testing procedure, quantitative formalized processing of test results and recommendation list prepared in advance and containing the interpretation of obtained results. Standard psychometric test comprises a set of individual tasks (items) accompanied by the closed option response sheet, suggested to a testee at choice , testing instructions, keys, interpretation norms and instructions. Proceeding from the defi nition given above, we can distinguish the most relevant features of the psychometric tests:

standardization of the stimulus representation and results processing procedures;

results’ independence from the infl uence of the experimental environment and psychologist’s personality;

comparability of individual results with standard results, i. e. obtained in the same conditions in rather representative group. Comparison of Psychometric Characteristics of Rorschach and Cassell’ Projective techniques Anatoly B. Khromov This article is devoted to the comparative study of the psychometric characteristics of three projective techniques of Rorschach, SIS-I and SIS-II correlated with 12 standard tests: MMPI, 5FPQ, MBTI, BDHI, Raven’s Matrices, , 16FP, POI, Leongard’s, Jenkins’s, Learie’s, Rotter’s, Thomas’s scales. The new original statistic method, based on the comparison of Pearson’s average coeffi cients of correlation is applied that permits to perform comparative study of projective techniques. It was educed, that degree of correlation, expressed through the average correlation coeffi cients gradually raises from Rorschach to SIS-I and from SIS-I to SIS-II, that indicates the increment of stimulus structure from Rorschach tests to Cassell’s tests, where SIS-II reveals the highest psychometric characteristics , as it has been expected. Anatoly B. Khromov, Ph.D., Professor of Kurgan State University, Kurgan, Russia Key Words : Psychometric Test, SIS Profi le, Personality.

Psychometric technique in general - is any psychological measurement, that meets the requirements of accuracy, reliability and adequacy of measurement procedure, and that of comparability of quantifi cation results obtained with the help of such measurement. Primary objective of statistical technique – is to represent the qualitative data in systematized and succinct form so that to simplify the comprehension of the results. In this regard projective test may also be treated as psychometric method, when the statistical criteria are used for diagnostic data processing that allows interpreting the testee’s responses as quantitation of diagnostic results. The most important distinctive feature of projective technique is that in these techniques the vague or so called semistructured stimulus are used to create the most optimal conditions for the manifestation of the inward man, and human’s unconscious psychology. Inability of the projective diagnostic techniques to meet the requirements claimed to the psychometric tests is fi rstly referred on the construct, theoretical and predictive validity; it also affects the results reliability, strictness of the test procedure and test result processing. According to the defi nition given by Cronbach & Meehl (1955) projective techniques give more information with less test reliability when compared to psychometric testing. Frank (2000) regarded the projective techniques as having common views on personality, treating it as a process of organization and structurization of the “existential world”. “Life space” of a man is a kind of “Screen” for projecting a man’s “external world” (everything that is implied into the notion of “personality”). Projective test serves as a life space correlate in the course of projective experiment “...we can penetrate into personality by inducing a man to reveal the way of background organization, providing a man with fi eld of stimulus (objects, material, situation) with relatively low structuring and free from cultural cliché so that a man could project the worldview, values and signifi cance, behavior samples and especially sensation on this standard ground”. The less structured the “stimulus fi eld” is, the more isomorphic its structuralizing will be to the structure of real life space of an individual. Cassell concludes that high-structure images, “loaded” with a particular instigation, help to disclose maximally personal differences depending on the instigation intensity. Other authors are on the opinion that, projection of a certain instigation performed on semistructured stimulus is predetermined by the instigation intensity, as well as by the person’s willingness to expose the inward. Verbalization of the testee’s response occurrence is the only way for the researchist to penetrate into the nature of person’s images seen behind the multiform ink-spots. It is not necessary that such verbalization is equivalent to individual’s inward feelings, since the information given by a testee depends on his or her personal characteristics. Projection is a device for disclosing the inward of a man that “exteriorizes” human’s “individual world” making it to appear outwardly. That is why Anastasi (1982) defi nes the projective tests as “disguised testing” techniques. Korner (2000) formulates four basic statements representing “competence and restrictions” of the projective technique. 1. All the behavioral manifestations, both important and that of little importance, denote the holistic personality. 2. Test quality is predetermined by the experience, skill and clinical intuition of a person interpreting the test results. The main advantage of a test is that it consists of a standard set of symbols. Any behavioristic characteristic easily vanishing under other circumstances in another situation is distinctly seen on this standard “screen”. 3. Testee provides that sort of information, that he or she either has no desire or possibility to provide under other circumstances. When a person is at loss to determine the objective nature of stimulus fi eld, then he or she starts to reveal his or her problems, desires, fear and hope. 4. Psychical determinism in case of projecting test consists in the fact that testee’s relation or response occurrence can not be of random character. Every response should be treated as a consequence of a certain internal cause. Likewise other authors, Korner (2000) points out that prediction of the real-life behavior is beyond the scope of the projective technique, as far as the projective method is valid mainly for the study of “fancy life”. Projective technique is — “...a shortcut to fancy and ideational life, that could be later compared with past and present behavior”. Projective test situation requires the abstract attitude of a testee to objective characteristics of stimulus fi eld (which is certainly multiform), and heats the imagination. The permissive manner of testing permits to actualize potential appetencies and mental sets of a testee that are repressed and controlled in the usual circumstances. It is assumed that phantasy content of a man may particularly determine the psychological ill-being of a person and intrapersonal deadaptation. Cassell & Dubey (2003) assert that their projective technique permits to “hear inner cry” of a man. Psychometric Characteristics 33

According to the principle of hypersensibility well structured stimuli, containing the body images, in case of deviation appearance of a testee, can form the subjective foreboding of potential disturbance of the proprium entirety, or even directly refl ect the psychiatric disturbance. That is why such images are better identifi ed when compared with less structured or neutral images. Some researchers (for instance, Murstein, 1963), state that the medium degree of ambiguousness of the stimulus material creates the optimum conditions permitting to reveal the personality deep layers. Widely known techniques, such as Rorschach inkblot test, are extremely unmanageable and complicated when taken in the original, and imply a high level of a tester’s excellence, moreover the subjective interpretation of the results is common with such original tests. One of the attempts made to minimize the original techniques’ demerits was performed in the course of research work in the fi eld of standardization of the projective techniques, aimed at the developing of their variations and projective stimuli, comprising well structured (for instance, Cassell’s inkblot somatic series, SIS). Developing their theory Cassell & Dubey (2003) tried to bring the main characteristics of validity and reliability of the projective technique to the level of psychometric tests level. Unlike the classic variants of projective tests, the SIS – class techniques do not pretend to analyze a person in its entirety, but they study mainly the peculiar personal "alternating qualities", responsible for well-being and its representation (particularly, detect the representation peculiarities of body image in consciousness a man). SIS variants of the projective techniques were developed by Cassell for solving the concrete clinical problems. And, with this regard the analyzing methods and test results interpreting techniques that implied some psychometric aspects have been developed. Method : The research task of our correlation study is to compare the peculiarities of the psychometric characteristics of Rorschach and Cassell’ projective techniques. The average correlation matrix coeffi cients of three projective techniques have been correlated with 12 standard tests: MMPI, MBTI, BDHI, Raven's Matrices, 5FPQ, 16FP, POI, Leongard’s, Jenkins’s, Learie’s, Rotter’s, Thomas’s scales - 36 matrixes in all have been analyzed by calculating the average values of correlation coeffi cients for each matrix, consisting of the Pearson correlation coeffi cients projective technique + every psychometric test, according to the following formula: n-1 n K = (2/(n(n-1))) ∑ ∑ lRijl, i=1 j=i+1 where K - average correlation coeffi cient, n - total number of parameters given in a data matrix, ∑ - absolute value sum, R - correlation coeffi cient of i and j parameters. The integral relation rate of the indexes obtained in every group of the projective technique + psychometric test— is an average correlation coeffi cient revealed in a certain group with regard to the total number of correlation coeffi cients, but taken exclusively of the sing and quantity of signifi cant correlations. We realize that described procedure does not correspond to pattern of the mathematical strictness and accuracy. At determining the research tasks we proceeded from the fact that under otherwise equal conditions (under the equal number of the same testees and under number of parameters in each group projective test + psychometric test) psychometric characteristics of the projective tests under study are to be rather important factors. It was assumed that connections, expressed as average correlation coeffi cients should increase gradually starting from Rorschach test to SIS-I and then to SIS-II that indicates the increment of psychometric characteristics from Rorschach tests to Cassell’s tests, where SIS-II should reveal the highest psychometric characteristics , according to Cassell’s structural hypothesis. In other words, there was room left for the structural changes and for the variation in value of the average correlation coeffi cients between the indexes that occur even if the stimulus presentation procedure is strictly observed, and the processing of results is performed by means of the identical algorithm, and when the same testees are involved. The second stage of the experiment the factor structure of three methods was analyzed. But the results of the factor structure analysis are not the subject of consideration of this article. Testees and Measures : Ninety two female students of psychological faculty, aged from 19 to 22 were involved into the testing as test subjects. Testees were not informed about the ultimate research objective. In the experiment Rorschach test is represented on ten standard charts; Cassell’s projective tests are given in two forms: blanks (SIS-I), including 20 stimuli, and video (SIS-II) consisting of 62 stimuli. Subjective standard tests are given in the form of the 34 Khromov

following diagnostic test instrument – questionnaires and tests: MMPI, MBTI, BDHI, Raven's Matrices, 5FPQ, 16FP, POI, Leongard’s, Jenkins’s, Learie’s, Rotter’s, Thomas’s scales. The test results have been encoded applying 54 estimating categories proposed by Klopfer & Davidson (1962). All the projective stimuli of three projective tests were estimated and encoded by the testees. Results and Discussion : Let’s fi rst analyze Table 1 that represents the integral relation rate of indexes in each group of projective Rorschach tests, SIS-I and SIS-II and that of twelve subjective, standard tests. Integration value is expressed through the average correlation coeffi cients. In pair – correlations Rorschach test and Jenkins test, SIS-I and Jenkins test, SIS-II and Jenkins test only one optional parameter is added from Jenkins test (total number of parameters equals - 55). It can be supposed, that average matrix correlation coeffi cients in these three matrix reveal quite “faultless” correlation of the averaged correlation indexes, that refl ect the degree of correlation inside each of three matrixes with Rorschach projective techniques , SIS-I and SIS-II (K = 0.112, 0.116, 0.184). The other average correlation coeffi cients in three groups of projective techniques as compared with psychometric tests demonstrate the gradual increase of average correlation coeffi cient values from the Rorschach test to SIS-I and SIS-II projective techniques irrespective of scale number of a subjective standard test. Thus, the more structure of the projective method is expressed (SIS-II displays the maximally expressed structure as compared with other three projective methods, due to the increase in number of the stimulus charts that equals 62) – the higher average coeffi cient of correlation is. Table 2 represents average coeffi cient means of correlation obtained in each matrix group of Rorschach tests, SIS-I and SIS-II, and that of twelve subjective standard tests, with the same tendency to steady increase of the correlation coeffi cients as we obtain comparing the average coeffi cients of matrix correlation in the projective test + psychometric test matrixes (K = 0.117, 0.126, 0.154). Comparison of the average correlation coeffi cient values, obtained in three groups for each pair of matrixes projective test + psychometrical test demonstrate the gradual increase of average correlation coeffi cient observed in each pair of parameters (each projective techniques from Rorschach towards SIS-II + each psychometric test), that can be regarded as increasing of psychometric structural characteristics of the technique in particular, and as the increase of test construct validity, refl ecting the increasing affi nity of the psychological phenomena under study that appear in the testees’ responses to the projective technique stimuli and to the questions of the subjective psychometric tests. Psychometric Characteristics 35 Table 1 Average matrix correlation coeffi cients of Rorschach and Cassell’s projective techniques correlated with psychometric tests Projective Psycho- tests metric tests Rorschach SIS-I SIS-II average correlation coeffi cient average correlation coeffi cient average correlation coeffi cient 1. Jenkins 0.112 0.116 0.184 2. MMPI 0.111 0.113 0.118 3. 5FPQ 0.124 0.130 0.167 4. Raven 0.129 0.152 0.162 5. MBTI 0.147 0.160 0.167 6. Rotter 0.124 0.135 0.153 7. Thomas 0.107 0.116 0.161 8. Leary 0.100 0.107 0.125 9. BDHI 0.114 0.113 0.137 10. Leongard 0.102 0.107 0.168 11. POI 0.104 0.125 0.153 12. 16FP 0.135 0.137 0.157 Table 2 Average number of probably signifi cant correlations in each group of matrix of Rorschach and Cassell’s projective techniques comprising twelve standard test scales Rorschach SIS-I SIS-II average correlation coeffi cient average correlation coeffi cient average correlation coeffi cient 0.117 0.126 0.154

Conclusion : The more well - structured stimuli are there in the projective techniques, the closer its characteristics become to those of the psychometric test. This regularity verifi es the Cassell’s hypothesis, concerning the increment of the psychometric characteristics of the projective techniques SIS-I and SIS-II as compared with Rorschach test, that appear due to the greater structuring degree and certain intensionality of stimulus images and their increase in number. At the same time the results of the additionally performed factor analysis (the results of the factor analysis are not represented in this article), showed that the projective techniques’ results and those of the psychometric tests do not form the equivalent factors, but tend to remain independent that attests their typological specifi ty. The data obtained within a course of present research also conform to a number of researchers (Murstein, 1963), stating that the medium degree of ambiguousness of the stimulus material, i.e. the structured stimuli appearance can create the optimum conditions to reveal the personality deep layers. In this case, the individual variety of responses given to the standard stimulus meanings are turned to be of greater diagnostic value disclosing not only actual affective and drive states, but mainly steady personal features, including deviants. There can be no winner found in a dispute concerning the merits and demerits of the projective techniques as compared to those of the “objective” diagnostic tests, since personality of a man can be described in terms of all different levels. Moreover, accommodation of the moot points on a certain meta-level could be rather effi cient for the personality investigation while solving specifi c clinical problems. Thus, there is potential to form a special class of diagnostic tests, mediating between the projective and psychometric techniques. From the psychometric view point externally-oriented Casselll’s SIS- technique (particularly SIS-II method) is in advance of the Rorschach inkblot test in its differential diagnostic ability, brining the test results to the level of that revealed by means of the subjective standard test scales and questionnaires. But at the same, SIS diagnostic technique still remains the projective technique in its psychometrical characteristics, which is supported by the results of the research performed. References : Anastasi, A. (1982). Psychologic testing. - Moscow. Pedagogy. Vol.2 - p.114-119, 182-183, 192- 210. Burlachuk, L.F. (1997). Introduction to Projective Psychology. - Kiev: Nica-Center. p. 5-39. (in russian) Cassell, W.A. & Dubey, B.L. (2003) Interpreting Inner World Through Somatic Imagery: Manual of the Somatic Inkblot Series. Second Revision. - Somatic Inkblot Center, Anchorage, Alaska, USA. Cronbach, L. & Meehl, P. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281-302. Franck, L. (2000). Projective techniques of proprium testing. Projective Psychology.. - Moscow.: April Press, Publisher Exmo-Press. (in russian) Klopfer D., Davidson H. (1962). The Rorschach technique: an introductory manual. N. Y. Klopfer, D. & Davidson, H. (1962). The Rorschach Technique : An Introductory Mannual, N. Y. Korner, A F. (2000). Projective Psychology. Moscow.: April Press, Publisher Exmo-Press, 84-93. (in russian) Murstein, B. (1963). Theory and research in projective technique. - N. Y. 36 Khromov

Rorschach test has traditionally been considered to be a projective test. It maximizes the person’s freedom to respond in unique ways. The overall goal of the technique is to assess the structure of personality with particular emphasizing on how individuals construct their experience (cognitive structuring) and the meanings assigned to their perceptual experiences (thematic imagery; Weiner, 2003). Rorschach inkblot test fi ndings on schizophrenic patients showed less number of movement responses, high C and CF responses. C responses were more than movement responses. Low F+ percentage, low popular responses were the main features of schizophrenia (Dubey, 1982, Kumar, 1961b). In another study it has been observed that depressive patients showed decreased responses (R) with increased reaction time, more W and Low D responses. Form and shading responses were high; average movement responses with low color responses and sum C, F+% were less than normal, popular responses were more in depressive patients. Content deals with animal’s anatomy, human details, animal’s details and Plant. The present study was conducted to see the signifi cant differences and current status of profi le of patients with schizophrenia and depression (Bohm, 1996). The diagnosis of schizophrenia and depression seems to be overlapping due to similar symptoms like social withdrawal, reduced self esteem, decreased psycho-motor activity, feeling of self harm etc. Thus, the Rorschach test is found to be a powerful tool in discriminating schizophrenic and depressive patients. The present study was carried out with the aim to compare the profi les of schizophrenia and depression by using Rorschach psychodiagnostic test. Materials and Method : Sample : The sample consisted of 30 schizophrenic and 30 depressive patients, based on purposive sampling technique. Patients were selected as per ICD-10 DCR criteria. Patients were age range between 20-55 years of both male and female sex from OPD and different wards of RINPAS, Ranchi. Tools used: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (Overall & Gorham, 1999) Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1961) Rorschach Psychodiagonostics. (Rorschach, 1998) Procedure : After the prospective subjects were interviewed the selected subjects were administered the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale to assess the severity of Psychotic symptoms in the group of schizophrenic patients and Beck depression inventory was used to assess the level of depression in the depressive patients. Finally, Rorschach test was administered individually following standard procedure given by Beck (1949). For statistical analysis Mean, SD, and t-ratio were calculated. Results and Discussion : Table 1 shows comparison of different indices of Rorschach in the groups of schizophrenics and depressives. It is evident from table that the value of t-ratio is statistically signifi cant on reaction time (RT), major details (D), minor details, form (F-), shading response (Y), vista response (V), human response (H), popular response (P) indices. Total Number of Responses (R) : The total number of responses is an indicator of scored productivity of the individual. The fi ndings of the study showed that magnitude of R is comparatively slightly higher in depressives than schizophrenics. It refl ects that depressives were able to pay more attention to the surrounding environment. However, the difference was not signifi cant. Rorschach Profi le of Schizophrenia and Depression Richa Priyamvada, Sapna Kumari, R. Ranjan, Jai Prakash, Amool R. Singh, S. Chaudhury Projective techniques have been used in clinical population for the assessment of perception and psychopathology. The Rorschach test is one of the earliest personality test and has been in vogue for last many decades especially for psychodiagnostic purpose. It has been used with varied population such as epilepsy, mental retardation, children and adolescents and different mental disorder. The present study has been carried out with the aim to compare the profi les of schizophrenia and depression on Rorschach test. The study sample comprised of 30 schizophrenic and 30 depressive patients, in age range of 20-55 year of either sex. The tools Brief Psychiatric Rating scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Rorschach test were used. Findings of the study reveal that both the groups (schizophrenia and depression) differ signifi cantly on reaction time, major details, minor details, poor form level, movement response, shading response, vista response, human response, and popular response. Richa Priyamvada, M.Phil., Sapna Kumari, M.Phil., R. Ranjan, Clinical Psychologist, Teaching Faculty IPRS, Patna University, Patna email-dr.rupeshranjan@gmail.com, Jai Prakash, Ph.D., Assoc. Prof., Department of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS, Amool R. Singh, Ph.D., Prof. & Head of Department of Clinical Psychology & PSW, RINPAS, S. Chaudhury, M.D., Ph.D., Prof. & Head, Department of Psychiatry, RINPAS, Ranchi. Key Word : Rorschach, Schizophrenia, Depression.

Reaction Time (RT) : The Average reaction time is signifi cantly higher in depressives. It refl ects that speed of mental processing of depressives is slow in comparison to schizophrenics. This fi nding is consistent to the fi ndings of Rorschach (1998), Bohm (1996), Kumar (1962b). Whole response (W) : Rorschach (1998) suggested that whole response indicates the organizational capacity of the individuals. Findings show that ‘W’ response is slightly more in depressives than in schizophrenics, but the difference was not signifi cant. This is similar to the fi ndings of Bohm (1996), who concluded that depressive patients had high organizing capacity in comparison to schizophrenics. Major Details (D) : Major details are signifi cantly higher in depressives in comparison to schizophrenics. Major details shows practical approach towards life and the present study shows depressives have comparatively more practical approach towards life. Minor details (Dd) : Magnitude of ‘Dd’ responses is signifi cantly higher in depressives than schizophrenics. Rorschach (1998) suggested ‘Dd’ response indicates over emphasis on minor and irrelevant things. The fi nding is consistent with fi ndings of Bohm (1996) who reported more ‘Dd’ response in depressives. Good Form Response (F+) : High ‘F+’ responses are generally considered to refl ect the degree of subject’s intellectual control. They give an indication of intellectual ability and reasoning power (Beck, 1949). The fi ndings of the study showed slightly higher degree of intellectual impairment in the cases with schizophrenia as compared to depressive cases. Poor Form Response (F-) : ‘F-’ responses are signifi cantly higher in schizophrenics than in depressives. It refl ects that schizophrenics have poor ego strength and reasoning power. Movement Response (M) : The magnitude of movement responses is signifi cantly higher in depression. Rorschach (1998) suggested that M response indicates the phenomenon of internalization. It refl ects the ability of a person to utilize his internal resources. Higher number of Table 1 Profi le of Schizophrenia and Depression on Rorschach Psycho-diagnostics Indices Schizophrenia Depression t- value M SD M SD Total number of responses 17.00 5.77 19.03 9.01 1.04 Reaction Time 20.19 6.93 26.22 10.52 2.62* Whole Response 2.56 1.56 2.73 1.74 0.390 Major details 5.13 7.40 14.50 8.74 4.47* Minor details 5.03 2.97 2.10 2.12 4.39* Good form level 6.20 3.76 6.50 3.49 0.320 Poor form level 6.60 5.30 0.80 1.03 5.88* Movement response 0.36 0.76 1.56 1.42 3.38* Colour response 0.80 1.66 1.03 1.75 0.528 Colour Form 0.86 1.07 0.33 0.60 2.36 Form colour 0.23 0.62 0.36 0.66 0.79 Shading response 0.33 0.84 1.13 1.19 2.94* FY 0.26 0.52 0.20 0.48 0.51 Texture 3.33 0.18 0.00 0.00 1.00 Vista 0.23 0.55 0.63 0.92 3.22* Human 1.10 1.88 2.70 2.26 2.97* Animal 6.40 4.17 5.36 3.50 1.03 Anatomical 1.23 1.30 1.90 1.66 1.72 Botanical 1.26 1.74 1.60 1.81 0.72 Blood 0.23 0.13 0.10 0.32 0.34 Sex 0.15 .2012 0.10 0.11 0.29 F+% 43.55 15.31 55.79 17.11 1.95 A% 41.56 19.07 33.59 15.79 1.08 Affective ratio 0.41 0.11 0.56 0.36 1.11 Popular 0.63 0.88 2.86 1.166 8.33 *Signifi cant at .01 level 38 Priyamvada et al

movement response in depression shows that they are able to utilize their internal resources. These fi ndings are in agreement with Rorschach (1998) and Bohm (1996). Colour Response (C) : Colour responses refl ect the individual’s openness to stimulation from his social surroundings. The present study shows that pure ‘C’ response is little more in depressives than in schizophrenia patients. This shows that depressive patients have poor emotional control than schizophrenics. CF Response : The ‘CF’ responses were found more in schizophrenics than in depressives. The fi ndings shows that schizophrenic patients has domination of emotions over feelings which in agreement with study of Klopfer & Davidson (1962) and Bohm (1996) FC Response : Number of ‘FC’ responses is slightly higher in depressives than schizophrenics. This shows that domination of feelings over emotions in depressives is higher than in schizophrenics. The fi ndings are consistent with study of Bohm (1996). Shading response (Y) : Magnitude of ‘Y’ response is signifi cantly higher in depressives than in schizophrenics which refl ect the domination of depressive feelings. The fi ndings of this study are in agreement with Rorschach (1998) and Bohm (1996). Vista response (V) : High vista response in depressive patients refl ect inferiority complex in the said group in comparison to schizophrenia. The difference between the two groups was signifi cant at 0.01 level. Human response (H) : The human responses are signifi cant across two groups. Human response indicates good interpersonal relationship which is found better in depressives in this study. Findings of the study are consistent with study of Rorschach (1998), Klopfer & Davidson (1962) and Bohm (1996). Animal response (A+ %) : Higher A+% show immature and stereotypical thinking which is slightly high in schizophrenics as compared to depressives. However, the difference between the two groups is not statistically signifi cant. Anatomical response (An) : The ‘An’ response is found to be slightly high in depressives than schizophrenics which shows that depressives are preoccupied about their physical problems. This fi nding is consistent with the fi nding of Klopfer (1954), Bohm (1996). Botany response (Bt) : Botany responses are little more in depressives than in schizophrenics which show presence of dysphoric emotions in depressives. Blood response : Somewhat higher blood response in schizophrenics shows presence of aggression as compared to depressives. However, the difference is not statistically signifi cant. Rorschach (1998), Bohm (1996), Klopfer (1954) and Dubey (1982) have reported high blood responses in schizophrneics. Sex response : Slightly higher sex responses were seen in schizophrenics than in depressives which shows that schizophrenics are more sexually preoccupied. The fi ndings of this study are in agreement with Klopfer et al (1954), Bohm (1996) and Dubey (1982). F+% : F+% in schizophrenics are less than that of depressives which shows that schizophrenics have poor ego strength than depressives. The fi nding of this study is in agreement with Klopfer & Davidson (1962), Bohm (1996). Affective ratio (Afr) : Affective ratio shows the expression of emotion which is found to be slightly higher in depressives than in schizophrenics. This fi nding may refl ect the emotional blunting in schizophrenia. Popular response (P) : The group conformity in thinking is estimated through the number of popular response given by an individual. .The magnitude of ‘P’ response differed signifi cantly in both the groups. High Popular response in depressives refl ects that they have better social community than schizophrenics. Chaudhury et al (2006), Bohm (1996). CONCLUSION : The present study indicates that both the groups, schizophrenics and depressives differed signifi cantly on initial reaction time (RT), D responses, Dd responses, movement (M), shading responses (Y), vista responses (V) and human responses (H). Reference : Beck, S. J. (1949). Rorschach Test, Vol. 1. Basic Process, New York. Beck, A. T., Word, C. H., Menderson, M., Mock, J. E. & Rorschach Profi le of Schizophrenia and Depression 39

Erbaugh, J.K. (1961). An Inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571. Bohm, E. (1996). A text book in Rorschach test diagnosis. 7th ed. Berne: Hans Huber. Chaudhury S, Augustine M, Saldanha D, Srivastava K, Kundeyawala S M, Pawar A A, Ryali VSSR. (2006). Norms of the Rorschach test for Indian subjects. Medical Journal Armed Forces India : 62:153-160 Dubey, B.L. (1982). A pragmatic view of Rorschach Inkblot Technique. Agra: National Psychological Corporation. Klopfer, B., Ainsworth, M.D.; Klopfer, W.G. & Holt, R.R. (1954). Developments in Rorschach Technique, Technique & Theory. New World Book Company. Klopfer, B., & Davidson, H, (1962). The Rorschach Technique. New York: Harcourt. Kumar, P. (1961b). The Rorschach Test in Some Mental Disorders: Schizophrenic Group. Psychologia, 4: 36-40. Kumar, P. (1962b). Rorschach Test in Some Mental Disorders: Depressive Groups. Ind. J. of Psychi. 3: 93-100. Overall, J.E. & Gorham (1999). Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Recent development in ascertainment and scaling. Psychopharmacological Bulletin, 24, 97- 99. Rorschach, H. (1998). Psychodiagnostic 10th ed. Berne; Ernst Bircher. Weiner, I.B. (2003). Principles of Rorschach interpretation. Lowrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersy, London. 40 Priyamvada et al SIS Instruments can be Obtained from : Somatic Inkblot Center 4501E, 104th Avenue Anchorage, AK.99516 (USA) E-Mail: siscassell@yahoo.com & Somatic Inkblot Center 4406 Forest Road, Anchorage, AK 99517 (USA) E-mail:sisdubey@rediffmail.com

Internalizing disorders are considered to be constituted of overcontrolled behaviours. Individual suffering from the symptoms often attempts to maintain very high level of control of one’s emotions, behaviours and thought processes to the extent that it appears to be maladaptive. Merrell (2001) opined that such emotional and behavioural problems are often misunderstood and frequently overlooked and ultimately diagnosed as internalizing disorder. Common example of internalizing disorders include depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, guilt proneness, individualism etc. It has been observed that incidents of parental hostility, rejection and neglect are more frequent than acceptance, love and trust in the background of adolescents with behaviour problem (Scott et al, 1991), avoidance behaviour (Marchand & Hock, 2003), insecure attachment (Vivona, 2000), maternal depression and negative parenting (Garber & Little, 2001; Grant et al, 2000) and peer problems (Hodges et al, 1991). They live in a state of perceptual insecurity, develop fear towards their teachers, towards the examination, and very often develop confl icting expectations from the parents and society. Hence, such adolescents begin to show the symptoms of restlessness, lack of self-confi dence, loneliness, depression, anxiety, guilt, which in turn refl ect its impact in their overall performance. In recent years emotions are increasingly being viewed as signals that provide information, direct attention and facilitate attainment of goals and are seen as organizing processes that enable people to think and behave adaptively. Adolescents who are able to read and interpret expressive and situational cues are more sensitive to other’s feelings and are better able to regulate their interactions with others. It has been found that people who manage their own feelings well and deal effectively with others are more likely to be content in their lives, retain information better and learn more effectively. Perception of emotions, understanding emotions, using emotions in cognitive processes, and managing emotions are all aspects of emotional intelligence (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). Goleman (1995) viewed emotional intelligence as the ability to know and manage ones own emotions, recognize them in others, and to handle relationship effectively. It includes abilities, such as, being able to motivate oneself and persist in the face of frustration, to control impulse and delay gratifi cation, to regulate one’s moods and cognition, to empathize and to hope. Mayer et al (2000) referred emotional intelligence as an ability to recognize the meaning of emotions and their relationships and to reason and to solve problems on the basis of them. Conversely, emotional dysregulation (for instance, the inability to manage hostile or negative emotion) can lead to work and relationship diffi culties and is associated with clinical problems such as anxiety and mood disorders (Gross, 1998). Defi cits in emotional intelligence can create serious problems in our relationship and infl uence our physical health. Goleman (1995) suggests that concept of EI helps us to understand why people with high IQ’s don’t always do as well in life as those with more modest intellectual ability. If children misidentify their own feelings or those of others, they are likely to generate maladaptive solutions to a problem, regardless of their intellectual capabilities. Individuals who are not aware of their own feelings, can not make intelligent choices. Such persons are not aware of their own emotions, they are often low in expressiveness , do not show their feelings clearly through facial expressions, body language, or other cues which are mostly used to recognize other’s Emotional Intelligence and Personality Pathology of Adolescents affected with Internalizing Symptoms Anupama Shrivastava and Anjana Mukhopadhyay Present study aims to explore the in-depth defenses of adolescents behind the internalizing symptoms with the help of SIS-I projective technique and also assessed the level of emotional intelligence of adolescents with internalizing symptoms. Multidimensional Assessment of Personality (form-t) test was used as screening tool in the fi rst phase. Total 510 adolescents in the age group of 14-18 years studying in various schools of Varanasi were studied to assess the level of their internalizing symptoms. Those who scored above the cut-off point were identifi ed as the affected group (N=15) and the sample without internalizing symptoms was identifi ed as normal group (N=10). Somatic Inkblot Series-I and Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory was then administered on both the samples for fi nal study. The results revealed that the affected group is signifi cantly lower in emotional intelligence than their normal counterparts. Qualitative components of normative responses like human response and typical response were reported to be signifi cantly low in affected groups. Animal response and atypical responses have reported signifi cantly high scores in the affected group. Quantitative pathological contents reported signifi cantly higher HAS factor among the adolescents with internalizing symptoms. Anupama Shrivastava, Research Scholar, Dept. of Psychology, B.H.U., Varanasi-221005, Anjana Mukhopadhyay Professor, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, B.H.U., Varanasi-221005 Key Words: emotional intelligence, personality projection, internalizing symptoms.

feelings (Malandro et al, 1994). This can have adverse effects on their interpersonal relationships, because other people fi nd it hard to know how they are feeling or reacting. Present study has been planned to study the adolescents who have developed internalizing symptoms to explore their capacity of attaining emotional intelligence and managing negative emotions. This also attempted to trace the inner cry of such adolescents which have possibly compelled them to suppress their emotional expressions. Thus by administering the SIS projective technique, the adolescents’ response to the ambiguous and semi ambiguous visual stimuli will project the unique body percept. The aim is to penetrate the outer shell of the internalized defensive behaviour of children. It is conceived that the perception of images reveals the self perception of the person. It brings into consciousness, whatever is buried in the mind and accessible for processing. As this diagnostic tool can help to evaluate undetected affective disorder, a treatment plan can be designed for the diagnosed internalized adolescents. Materials and Method : Sample: The sample comprises of adolescents in an age range of 14 to 18 years, studying in various schools of Varanasi in IX to XII standards. The screening tool i.e., Multi-dimensional Assessment of Personality (form-t) test was administered to select the adolescents with internalizing symptoms. A total of 510 adolescents participated in the initial study. The fi nal target sample selected out of the group i.e., 15 adolescents with internalizing symptoms and 10 adolescents without internalizing symptoms. Tools: The following standardized tools were used. Multi-dimensional Assessment of Personality (Form- Teenagers) (MAP, FORM-T) (PSY-COM Services, 1996). It consists of 147 items, which cover 20 normal personality dimensions. eg., adaptability, academic achievement, boldness, competition, creativity, enthusiasm, excitability, general ability, guilt proneness, individualism, innovation, leadership, maturity, mental health, morality, selfcontrol, sensitivity, self-suffi ciency, social warmth and tension. Each item has three choices. Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory (MEII) (Mangal & Mangal, 2004). It consists of 100 items in four areas ie, intra-personal awareness (own emotions), inter-personal awareness (others emotions), intra-personal management (own emotions) and interpersonal management (others emotions). Twenty-fi ve items each for the four areas are to be answered as ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. The Somatic Inkblot Series-I (SIS-I) (Cassell, 1980). The test consists 20 inkblot images, printed on white card. Images provide enough obvious anatomical structure. Responses are evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. For pathological contents of quantitative measures are pathologic anatomy score (PAS), depression (D), hostility and aggression (HAS) and paranoia (P). SIS indices namely, typical (T), atypical (At), most typical (Mt), human response (H), animal response (A), sex response (Sex), anatomy response (Ant), rejection (Rej) on the other hand are assessed qualitatively. Procedure : The subjects were screened by administering the MAP (form-t) and those scoring very high in terms of sten norms for 13 dimensions out of 20 dimensions were selected for cases with internalizing symptoms. The dimensions considered for the internalizing components were low scores in adaptability, boldness, enthusiasm, maturity, mental health, morality, selfcontrol, self-suffi ciency, social-warmth and high scores in guilt proneness, individualism, sensitivity and tension. Subjects showing 6 to 8 internalizing symptoms were included in the affected group. On the basis of screening 15 students with internalizing symptoms and 10 students without any such symptoms were assessed with Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory and Somatic Inkblot Series-I. Results : The results of the study have been analyzed under a normative comparison for dimensions of emotional intelligence as well as SIS indices and SIS contents. To fi nd out the signifi cance of differences between the means of the two groups i.e., affected and normal adolescents, students “t” test has been computed. Results are presented in the tables 1 to 3. Table 1 Means, SDs and t-values of affected and normal adolescents on different dimensions of EI inventory Dimensions Affected Group (N=15) Normal Group (N=10) ´t’ value Mean SD Mean SD Intra-personal awareness 15.40 21.33 77.75 20.46 7.02** Inter-personal awareness 19.12 17.99 81.80 15.95 8.74** Intra-personal management 20.87 24.97 84.41 15.06 7.60** Inter-personal management 18.30 16.27 83.60 15.21 9.77** Total 11.66 17.21 89.76 12.13 12.76** Statistically signifi cant at <.01** 42 Shrivastava & Mukhopadhyay

Table 1 indicates that affected adolescents with internalizing symptoms are showing lower mean scores in all the subscales of emotional intelligence such as intra-personal awareness (own emotions), inter-personal awareness (others emotions), intrapersonal management (own emotions) and interpersonal management (others emotions), compared to their normal counterparts ranging from M 11.66 to M 20.87 which are statistically signifi cant (p< 0.01). Table 2 shows that affected adolescents have reported signifi cantly higher (p< 0.01) mean scores in the animal responses and atypical responses as compared to normal adolescents. Signifi cantly low human response (p< 0.05) and sex and typical responses (p< 0.01) have also been reported in affected adolescents compared to their normal counterparts. Anatomical, movement, most typical and total number of response means however could not differentiate between means of adolescents with internalizing symptoms and normal. Table 3 shows the M-scores and SDs obtained for the two groups. The responses obtained for the SIS scale were rated in terms of intensity of the factors from 0 to 3. Higher mean score 1.73 and 1.47 are recorded for affected group in hostility and aggression and depression respectively. This is also refl ecting lower M- scores in paranoid ideation for the affected group. HAS is statistically signifi cant. Discussion : Present study aimed to explore the in depth defenses of adolescents behind the internalizing symptoms with the help of projective technique. Adolescents who are troubled managing their stresses tend to over control or internalize their feelings. They develop some symptoms like social withdrawal, over sensitive, feel scared, unhappy, anxious or sad. These symptoms in a cluster are known as internalizing symptoms. Investigation suggests these types of problems frequently occur in adolescents between the ages of 15 to 18 (Seroczynski et al, 2003; Verhulst et al, 1997). It is associated with many serious behavioral and psychological outcomes, including loneliness, disordered-eating, substance abuse and suicidal tendency (Birmaher et al, 1996; Swearer et al, 2004). Hence through SIS-I projective technique adolescents motivate to explore their in-depth defenses. The results obtained from various responses indicated that affected adolescents scored signifi cantly higher on animal response in comparison to the normal adolescents. More animal responses are indicative of frustration, hostility, immaturity and primitive behaviour. It shows the respondent is more comfortable with animals than human beings or psychologically immature and poorly adjusted with his environment. It is also indicative of low socialization (Dubey, 1982). Results revealed that in terms of atypical response, affected Emotional Intelligence and Personality Pathology 43 Table 2 Means, SDs and t-values of affected and normal adolescents on different SIS indices Responses Affected Group (N=15) Normal Group (N=10) ´t’ value Mean SD Mean SD Human response 8.86 4.67 12.59 2.17 2.58* Animal 14.36 5.85 8.04 1.16 3.93** Anatomical 16.59 4.84 18.95 2.32 1.30 Sex .98 1.98 3.93 1.35 5.27** Movement 7.41 3.44 7.68 2.48 .18 Most typical 5.56 2.76 6.11 3.47 .40 Typical 25.81 7.04 40.35 4.19 6.21** Atypical 20.40 10.01 2.21 1.42 6.69** Total 38.60 3.99 41.00 2.23 1.92 Statistically signifi cant at <.01**, <.05* Table 3 Means, SDs and t-values of affected and normal adolescents on different SIS contents Responses Affected Group (N=15) Normal Group (N=10) ´t’ value Mean SD Mean SD Pathological .27 .46 .00 .00 - Depression 1.47 1.77 1.00 1.41 1.07 Hostility & Aggression 1.73 1.39 .80 .79 2.06* Paranoia .64 .62 .80 .79 0.50 Statistically signifi cant at <.05*

adolescents have scored signifi cantly higher in this. Atypical responses are those of poor quality and with vague percept either in structure or verbalization. The number of At response is proportionate to the degree of psychological or psychiatric disturbance. Khromov et al (2004) observed that the persons with increased emotionality recorded more responses of atypical category. Thus affected adolescents seem to be anxious with their emotional life. Human response, on the other hand reveals a reverse pattern for the affected adolescents i.e. a signifi cantly (p<.05) low mean scores for the affected group. Less human response indicates lack of interpersonal relationships and also of social isolation tendencies. This is in keeping with studies that show that internalizing symptoms are related to social isolation (Nangle et al, 2003; Boivin et al, 1995). Low percentage of human response also indicates failure to identify with others. Typical responses are commonly perceived responses by normal or healthy people on a particular image which have reported signifi cantly low percentage for the affected adolescents compared to their normal counterparts. It shows the tendency of social withdrawal. Sex responses are scored for reproductive systems (both internal and external) and the sensuous parts of the body. Heightened anxiety and pathology are reported to be associated with heightened projections. Signifi cantly lower mean percentage shows that the affected adolescents are not suffering from sexual anxiety or sexual dysfunction (t=5.27, p<.01). No signifi cant differences have been reported in anatomical response, movement response, most typical response and total number of responses. However, means on these indices were slightly higher in normal adolescents. There is no reporting of R “rejection of images” which projects thought blockage. Thus, in terms of qualitative indices internalizing symptoms of adolescents are indicating deviations from normality but without any pathology as per the projective measure. Affected adolescents reported pathological response quite negligible when measured in terms of SIS contents. Depression content was found to be slightly higher in affected adolescents (M=1.47), as compared to normals (M=1.00). Hostility and aggression contents were found to be signifi cantly high (p<.05) in affected adolescents. This content has its support with the outcome measured in terms of emotional intelligence. Paranoid ideation content were also not found signifi cantly but slightly higher in normal adolescents. So, here SIS-I work like an X-ray which enters into the inner depth, of the mind and brings internal characteristics of the person, often not known to the person himself. Emotional intelligence is assumed to be linked with internalizing problems of an adolescent. Emotions are increasingly being viewed as signals that provide information, and facilitate attainment of goals and are seen as organizing processes that enable people to think and behave adaptively. In the area of intrapersonal awareness and inter personal awareness of emotional intelligence the affected adolescents scores were reported to be signifi cantly lower than the scores of the normal adolescents. This indicates that the affected adolescents are distinctly less aware about own emotions and others emotions as well as less successful in managing their own emotions and others emotions. The corroboration of this measure may be traced in the SIS-I analysis of contents which reported signifi cantly higher HAS factor in affected adolescents. Low emotional stability (characterized by adjectives like easily upset, doubtful about one self, irritable, anxious, shy, not resilient) is dysfunction in cognitive performance situation because trait like selfdoubts diverts a person’s attention from the task to internal state of worries (Sarason et al, 1986). Subject’s emotional structure provides valuable diagnostic clues to his/her psychological function. The fi ndings also reveal the in depth explanation of immature level of emotional intelligence and is justifying the development of internalizing symptoms among adolescents. Low human response of the affected group is indicative of a desire to be away from humans and social isolation tendencies. Large number of animal responses of the affected adolescents shows that the subjects are more comfortable with psychologically immature people. Thus conclusion may be drawn that the internalized adolescents are distinctly immature in terms of emotional intelligence but they do not necessarily suffer from pathological state. The sensitivity with internalizing symptoms may lead to develop personality pathology if not intervened at this stage. References : Birmaher, B., Ryan, S., Williamson, D., Brent, D., Kaufman, J., Dahl, R., Perel, J., & Nelson, B. (1996). Childhood and adolescent depression: A review of the past 10 years . Part-I. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1427-1439. Boivin, M., Hymel, S., & Bukowski, W. (1995). The roles of social withdrawal, peer rejection, and victimization by peers in predicting loneliness and depressed mood in childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 765-785. Cassell, W.A. (1980). Body symbolism and the somatic inkblot series. Alaska: Aurora Publication. 44 Shrivastava & Mukhopadhyay

Dubey, B.L. (1982). A pragmatic view of Rorschach inkblot techniques. National Psychological Corporation: Agra. Garber, J., & Little, S.A. (2001). Emotional autonomy and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16, 355-371. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantan Books. Gross, J.J. (1998). The emerging fi eld of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299. Grant, K., Poindexter, L., Davis, T., & Cho, M.H. (2000). Economic stress and psychological distress among urban African American adolescents: The mediating role of parents. Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community, 20, 25-36. Hodges, E.V.E., Boivin, M., Vitaro, F., & Bukowski, W.M. (1991). The power of friendship: Protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization. Developmental Psychology, 35, 94-101. Khromov, A.B., Pandey, R., & Dubey, B.L. (2004). Students attitude toward the vital problems and somatic inkblot of the SIS-I test. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health, 11, 4-10. Malandro, L.A., Barker, L., & Barker, D.A. (1994). Nonverbal communication. New York: Random House. Mangal, S.K., & Mangal, S. (2004). Manual for Mangal emotional intelligence inventory. Agra: National Psychological Corporation. MAP (FORM-T). (1996). Handbook for multidimensional assessment of personality (form-t). New Delhi: Psy-Com Services. Marchand, J.F., & Hock, E. (2003). Mother’s and father’s depressive symptoms and confl ictresolution strategies in the marriage and children’s externalizing and internalizing behaviours. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 164, 227-239. Mayer, J.D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational applications (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic Books. Mayer, J.D., Caruso, D., & Salovey, P. (2000). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standard for an intelligence. Intelligence, 27, 267-298. Merrell, K.W. (2001). Helping students overcome depression and anxiety: A practical guide. New York: Guilford. Nangle, D., Erdley, C., Newman, J., Mason, C., & Carpenter, E. (2003). Popularity, friendship quantity, and friendship quality: Interactive infl uences on children’s loneliness and depression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 546-555. Sarason, I.G., Sarason, B.R., Keefe, D.E., Hayes, B.E., & Shearin, E.N. (1986). Cognitive interference: Situational determinants and trait like characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 215-226. Scott, W.A., Scott, R., & McCobe, M. (1991). Family relationships and childrens personality: A cross cultural, cross source comparison. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 1-20. Seroczynski, A., Jacquez, F., & Cole, D. (2003). Depression and suicidal during adolescence. In G. Adams & M. Berzonsky, M. (EDs.), Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 550-573). Malden, MA: Blackwell. Swearer, S., Grills, A., Haye, K., & Tam Cary, P. (2004). Internalizing problems in students involved in bullying and victimization: Implications for intervention. In D.Espelage, & S. Swearer (EDs.), Bullying in American schools: A socio-ecological perspective on prevention and intervention (pp. 63-117). New York: Guilford Press. Verhulst, F., van der Ende, J., Ferdinand, R., & Kasius, M. (1997). The prevalence of DSM-III-R diagnoses in a national sample of Dutch adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 329-336. Vivona, J.M. (2000). Parental attachment styles of late adolescents: Qualities of attachment relationships and consequences for adjustment. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 47, 316-329. Emotional Intelligence and Personality Pathology 45

Adoption of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in probing of Unconscious Dynamics: A case report Moon Moon Dutta and Nilanjana Sanyal Psychotherapy is a road to increase individual sense of well-being and to reduce subjective discomfort. Although there are numbers of psychotherapeutic approaches available now we are in the era of integrative psychotherapy. In this case report an attempt has been made to understand client’s depth psychology using psychodynamic orientation and then replacing dysfunctional cognitions with adaptive one using cognitive-behavior stratagems. The current world is a world of competitive dodging, the success at which brings the glory of achievements, the failure resulting in adaptation on the part of the mature self and encapsulation of severe emotional suffering on the part of the immature one. Hence, stresses are obvious, maintenance of parity between ability and social demands are not an easy task. The results are more confl icts in personality and more attempts to correct them through therapy. This has become the trend of the day. Psychotherapy attempts to alleviate emotional suffering and to enhance personality adjustment through planned psychological interventions. Most of the psychotherapies have their roots in psychoanalysis that originated with Sigmund Freud. However, psychoanalytic psychotherapy is not a single unifi ed approach. Eagle (2007) believes that psychoanalysis cannot be a self-contained discipline but instead must be open to infl uence from and integration with fi ndings and theory from other disciplines. With the evolution of psychotherapy accommodating changes in the socio-cultural scenario, associated with growing public demand for time budgeted and fi nancially affordable therapeutic options in community clinics, counseling centers and hospitals, it is the brief psychotherapy that many therapist are adapting to suits the requirements of patients. Cognitive therapy, a system developed by Aaron Beck in the early 1960s is an empirically validated form of brief psychotherapy. Cognitive therapy rejects the views of psychoanalysis, or so to say psychodynamic psychotherapy which posits the unconscious as the source of emotional disturbance. The focus of this therapy is on understanding distorted beliefs and using techniques to change maladaptive thinking. Despite apparent differences in terms of terminologies indicating the structural frames and their functional implications, the modes of therapies cognitive as well as psychoanalysis do not seem to be discrete and isolated, as they were in the earlier perspective. In the era of integrative psychotherapy, the benefi ts of both the therapies are taken into consideration for the same case, from time to time whenever the situation demands so, hence like cognitive therapy; psychodynamic therapy is also acknowledged as the process of emotional reeducation of one’s ego. “Two or more therapies are integrated in the hope that the result will be better than the constituent therapies alone” (Norcross, 2005). The aim of psychodynamic therapy is to unfold unconscious confl icts in terms of making unconscious conscious in the form of verbalization of feelings of internalized object relations. This leads to gradual emergences of repressed impulses and moving towards more adaptive integration into the adult ego. Psychodynamic therapy, thus, pays a lot of attention to the importance of the child’s early environment as promoting the foundation of later personality strength or weaknesses. Similarly, cognitive therapy views early childhood experiences lead to basic beliefs about oneself and one’s world. The nature of early experiences determines the nature of one’s belief system. The schematic representation of two different models suggests, though the origin of symptom formation is similar but no psychotherapeutic method exists today that is applicable to all individuals. In psychotherapy, a therapist has to translate theories into a language which is understood by a client. In practice most of the psychotherapists belong to a particular school of psychotherapy and generally they follow a particular therapeutic approach. The purpose of this article is to conceptualize the dynamics of a case in the process of therapeutic intervention. Here, the symptoms are analyzed as manifestation of unconscious confl icts that are shaped by defense mechanisms, whereas methods used in symptom resolution is blended with cognitivebehavior stratagems. Thus, this article might help to enhance greater fl exibility in resolving symptom using CBT techniques where the understanding of the mechanisms behind symptom formation seems to be grounded in dynamic theory. Moon Moon Dutta, M.A., Research Scholar and Nilanjana Sanyal, Ph.D. Professor, Dept. of Psychology, University of Calcutta. 92 APC Road, Kolkata, Email: moonmoon2nov@yahoo.co.in Key Word: Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Case Report: The participant was a 19-year old, single, unemployed, male, educated up to 10 standards, belonging to middle socioeconomic Islam nuclear urban family. He had 18 months history of depression with somatic symptoms associated with multiple substance-taking behaviors like inhaling dendrite, marijuana, and attempted suicide (3 months ago), precipitated by break up of a intimate heterosexual bond. He was under psychiatric treatment for last 1 year, but with no improvement he discontinued taking medicines. For last 1 year, client reported that because of increased sexual urge and masturbation, he felt distressed as he understands that masturbation is harmful for health. He started self-medication after consulting different books on psychiatry. As reported by the Client, after taking a single dosage his sexual urge drastically decreased and he felt that his physical attractiveness is also declining. This caused extreme worry and he wanted to get back to his usual sexual urge and physical attractiveness. Client had a prior history of severe depression because of frequent exposures to parental disputes, followed by parental separation.. He is staying with his mother and his younger brother and having fi nancial problems. He has to discontinue his studies. Though client’s father was fi nancially stable he denied taking any of his responsibilities and as a result client’s mother was forced to fi le a case against him. This caused the family to face continuous pressure from the father to withdraw the legal action taken. The client observed that his mother looks suspicious at time has developed a relationship with some one. This has even led him to think if the present family situation has been caused by the mother’s mental disturbances alone or by both of his parents. Pre-morbid temperament as suggested has brought out the following profi le: he was introvert, sociable, self confi dence and self-respect. He takes responsibility with helping attitude towards others. As he says, he used to be an organized person, and was well-kempt and tidy. He likes to control others and expect others to respect him. He has positive attitude towards studies. He likes the subject chemistry and he also reported his attempt to simulate a chemical laboratory like the one his school had, at home. He was generally in euthymic mood. Mental Status Examination suggests euthymic, appropriate, reactive, stable and communicable affect; average intellectual functioning; appeared with depressive cognition and suicidal ideas along with preoccupation with sexual inadequacies; thought pattern had obsessive bend with intact judgment and grade VI level of insight. With such information at hand, before lodging the therapeutic program, a psychometric assessment was done to establish the diagnostic formulation. The brief report of this assessment revealed the following fi ndings: Cognitive Behavior Therapy 47

Test Administered:

Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) (Cloninger et al. 1994).

Rorschach Inkblot Test (RIT) (Exner, 1997)

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Beck, 1961) Test Findings:

Temperamental and Character Inventory: The profi le consisted of novelty seeking and harm avoidance indicating rigid personality type with underlying obsessional determinants of personality.

Rorschach Inkblot Test: Findings are analyzed on the basis of Exner’s method (Exner, 1997) revealed: presence of marked tendency toward perfectionism and an unusual concern for details. Avoidant coping style with limited resources and inadequate capacity for control of impulses causing a situation to be perceived as stressful. Thus client found to function effectively in a well-structured environment and fi nds diffi culty in coping with stressful situation. In interpersonal domain, a perceived diffi culty to establish and maintain meaningful interpersonal relationships was found in him. He seemed to be regarded by others as distant, less sensitive, inept and helpless thus resulting in less acceptable to others which in turn developed sense of loneliness in client. Thus to sum up Rorschach’s fi ndings, it can be said that the client’s mental canvas contained presence of negative self-perception along with diffi culty in interpersonal perception, tendency toward perfectionism resulting in depression and signifi cant defi cits in personal, emotional and social adjustment.

Score obtained on Beck Depression Inventory suggests severe depression.

The case was diagnosed following ICD-10 criteria as: Axis I : F33.2 Recurrent depressive disorder with current episode severe without psychotic symptoms. F18.24 Volatile solvents active dependence syndrome. Axis II : No diagnosis. Anankastic personality features. Axis III : Diffi culty in psychosocial functioning like uncongenial home environment, inadequate social support, fi nancial and educational support. Hence the case has been diagnosed as recurrent depressive disorder with current episode severe without psychotic symptoms associated with multiple substances taking behavior and anankastic personality features. In the present case, this anankastic personality features seem to play a vital role in deciding therapeutic mode. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), or anankastic personality disorder: The ICD-10, refers to OCPD as “anankastic personality disorder.” is a personality disorder that is characterized by a general psychological infl exibility, rigid conformity to rules, perfectionism, moral code, and/or excessive orderliness at the expense of close interpersonal relationships. Persons with this disorder often have trouble relaxing because they are preoccupied with details, rules, and productivity. They are often perceived by others as stubborn, stingy, selfrighteous, and uncooperative. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is often confused with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD is egodystonic where OCPD is ego-syntonic. This is to say, those with OCD know their behavior is problematic where the symptoms of OCPD are part of a person’s personality and are generally unaware of problematic behaviors. Sigmund Freud was the fi rst person to characterize what is now known as obsessivecompulsive or anankastic personality disorder as the anal-retentive character. Psychotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of OCPD have found insight-oriented psychodynamic techniques and cognitive behavioral therapy to be helpful for many patients (Jenike, 1998). In each session, client asked different questions related to the subject of psychology and used to maintain every detail of each session. Client’s general appearance and his way of presenting complaints at times were not corroborative with severe depressive features. Because of such diversity in symptom presentation, in-depth understanding of symptoms was made from psychodynamic perspectives and cognitive-behavioral techniques were selected for intervention. A psychodynamic formulation of the case had been conceived in the following fashion: The client encountered disturbed parental • relationship, had no hope of stable self image. Mother owing to her own emotional problems was • found to be emotionally rejecting hence creating intense oral need leading to passive feminine behavioral features in him later. He had poor identifi cation with overtly aggressive • father. This has resulted in a sense of masculine inadequacy. The net behavioral feature was less active-masculine striving. 48 Dutta & Sanyal

The dearth of adequate masculine striving and • more of passive- feminine striving has created the nexus of obsessive doubt regarding being submissive or aggressive. In submission parlance, his hostile feelings turned • inward, bringing to the fore his inferiority, which had the covering of ‘reaction formation’ defense, earning him a secondary narcissistic gain of representing the self as a ‘gentle person’. In a dubious way the ‘self-esteem‘could be re-established. In aggressive behavioral orientation parlance, he • felt his sense of masculine inadequacy may hamper his self-esteem, which he tried to maintain through masculine practice of frequent masturbation, but since defensive, resulted in guilt feeling, no pleasure in the act of masturbation and hence felt within the clutches of overall depression. Discussion: Within the therapeutic fold specifi c areas for intervention selected on the basis of obtained test fi ndings were: The therapeutic intervention to alter this mental frame had its focus on identifying the negative automatic thoughts pattern in him with CBT mode of intervention the client could successfully do it. Being verbally challenged to such negative automatic thoughts, the client could ultimately correct his distorted thought pattern and felt re-energized in the reality system for the time being. Psycho-dynamically, the major confl ict of the client, that is, hostility vs. submissiveness was analyzed in a following perspective: As a major mechanism, he seems to have intense inferiority feeling, indicating inadequate masculinity, outwardly manifesting persistent depression. With the reaction formation defense, he tried to cover it up in the veil of being a gentle person having enough self-esteem which seems to a secondary narcissistic gain for him but this defense-oriented covering could not last for longer times. The ultimate depression was out on his life platter which he tried to avoid under the coverage of substance abuses. A primary goal of CBT is to help the individual develop and employ coping skills that effectively deal with the demands of high-risk situations without having to resort to substances as an alternative response. The therapeutic sessions tried to break this vicious cycle by sharing his case formulation simply in order to educate him in the appropriate emotional line. The aim was to offer him alternative coping strategies and distress tolerance skills. It was expected that if he could identify the errors in his thought processes and could alter his behavioral strategies, improvement in his mood pattern might have reduced his sadness. Additionally, the current day therapeutic analysis indicates that in CBT approaches the interpersonal issues cannot be thoroughly averted. It was Jeremy Safran (1990), who offered a particularly insightful integration of complex interpersonal issues within CBT perspectives. Exploration of current interpersonal problems and teaching client alternative ways to handle interpersonal interaction was an important objective in the therapeutic module prepared for the client. Turkat and Maisto (1985), identifi ed that a defi ciency in social skills as a major component in individuals with anankastic personality. According Cognitive Behavior Therapy 49

to them, social skill training is viewed as the most appropriate treatment. Such theoretical implications could be found in the present cases behavioral improvement though very little. The progression of the case had a sudden break through his decision of discontinuing the session. A number of factors can be attributed to this negative decision on his part. 1. From psychodynamic perspective, it seems that client always suffered from sense of deprivation from parental fi gures. He reported an in-between break in his heterosexual intimate relationship bond that has reinforced his such a sense of deprivation and rejection. Consequently, when he developed a transferential bond with the therapist, he apprehended the continuity of such a rejection from her side too. The conceived facts for him were his multiple senses of inadequacies, his habit of substance abuse and discontinuity in formal education. The net result of such an apprehension prompted him to withdraw from the session all by himself before facing it directly from the therapist. 2. In the 10th session, another important feature that erupted was the client’s mother agreement to join the intervention process; this perhaps has infl icted fear in the client in losing his specifi c bond with the therapist where he developed the urge to withdraw himself from the therapeutic processes to escape further painful experiences. 3. Aside the psychodynamic points, there could have been the therapist’s error in prioritizing the needs and wants of the client in therapeutic settings. 4. The client also seems to have impulsive feature in personality, the premature termination may be considered as one of such instances on his part. Therapy was incomplete in this case. The incompletion prevented expected solid conclusion regarding the adopted venture in the article, though sketchy the revelations of the client’s diffi culties, little improvement and all of a sudden decision of termination all indicated the therapeutic assumption that combined approaches are needed, relevant and effective in bringing out behavioral changes in desired directions. This article attempted to illustrate how being grounded in dynamic theory CBT stratagems can be applied in the process of intervention. The condition proves the effi cacy of integrative psychotherapy to meet the class of distress in individual’s emotional line. References: Beck, A.T.; Ward, C.H.; Menderson, M.; Mock, J.E. and Erbaugh, J.K. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 4, 561-571. Cloninger, C.R.; Przybeck, T.R.; Svrakic, D.M and Wetzel, R.D. (1994). The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use. Exner, J.E. (1997). The Rorschach: A comprehensive system. Fourth Edition. Jenike, M. (1998). “Psychotherapy of Obsessive- Compulsive Personality.” In Obsessive- Compulsive Personality Disorders: Practical Management.3rd edition. Edited by Michael Jenike and others. St. Louis: Mosby, Morris N. E. (2007). Psychoanalytic Psychology, Psychoanalysis and its Critics, 24:10-24. Norcross, J. C. (2005). A primer on psychotherapy integration. In J. C. Norcross & M. R. Goldfried (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy integration (2nd ed), New York: Oxford. pp. 3-23 Safran J.D. (1990). Interpersonal processes and cognitive therapy. New York: Guilford Press. Turkat, I.D. and Maisto, S.A. (1985). Application of the experimental method to the formulation and modifi cation of personality disorders. In D.H. Barlow (Ed.). Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders. New York: Guilford Press. Pp. 503- 570. 50 Dutta & Sanyal

SIS is a structured projected diagnostic instrument. SIS –II consists of series A and series B, each with 31 images (total 62 images). The test ranges from structured, semi-structured, to structured images and is based on theory of Somatic Imagery, Body symbolism, Body perception and the cry for the help (Cassell, 1994). SIS has both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. It has been used extensively as a diagnostic procedure (Cassell et al., 2001, 2002, 2003; Dosajh, 1998, 1999; Dubey, 2000; Panek, 2001; Verma and Kaur, 1999). The review of literature on SIS reveals that SIS –II (booklet form)has been used on Psychotic and Neurotics (Pershad et al., 1997;Rathee et al.,1995,2002 ), Schizophrenics and Depressives (Pershad and Verma, 1995), Psychiatric patients (Verma et al.,1994; Singh and Dubey ,1997, Rathee et al.,1995), Speech disorder (Nehra et al., 1997), Murderer’s (Singh et al.,2000), ADHD(Jain et al., 2005), Drugs and Alcohol dependents (Singh and Dubey,1997) and Age Related changes (Pandey et al 2001). Mental Retardation is usually accompanied with physical and emotional problems. The retarded child may also have diffi culty with hearing, sight or speech and these problems will further lower down his potentials. The mentally retarded child does not function as per developmental expectation of the age in the area of physical and motor, adaptive, language, personal and social, emotional, cognitive development and need special adaptations, program adjustments and related services on a regular basis. The effects of mental retardation vary considerably depending on the severity of the retardation and overall development. About 87 percent of mentally retarded children are mildly affected and are a little slower than average in learning new skills. They are not easily noticed and remain unidentifi ed until they attend school. The remaining 13 percent of mentally challenge people are having IQs fewer than 50 and have serious limitation in functioning. In order to provide intervention, functional education and appropriate supports, personality evaluation is of a great help. By knowing their personality traits one can understand their needs and can prepare a program to help their rehabilitation. Recently Alexander and Cooray (2003) have tried to diagnose personality disorders in people having mental retardation and found the variation in the co-occurrence of personality disorder in mentally challenged, with prevalence ranging from less than one percent to ninety one percent in a community setting and twenty two to ninety two percent in hospital setting. Khan et al., (1997) reported that communication problems, physical, sensory and behavioral disorders associated with mentally challenged condition affect the ability to diagnose personality. Mavromatis (2000) has found the prevalence of self injurious behavior, impulsivity and affective liability, occurring commonly in mentally retarded. Hunter and Deb (1991) reported co-morbidity of affective disorders among mentally challenged which mimic the features of emotionally unstable personalities. Method: Objectives: To prepare the personality profi les of Mentally retarded children and normal children on SIS-II Test. Participants : The present study consisted of two groups of participants. Thirty children with mental retardation and thirty normal children were taken for the study. It was a purposive sampling. The groups were matched on age and gender. Both the groups were in the age SIS –II Profi le of Mentally Retarded Children Sarika Alreja, Deepak K. Mishra, Mittu M.Varghese, K. S. Sengar and A. R. Singh Sarika Alreja, Deepak Kumar Mishra, Mittu Muthu Varghese , Ph.D. Scholars; K. S. Sengar, Assistant Professor, Amool R Singh, Prof. & Head Dept of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 (India)(Email: sisamool@yahoo.com). Key Words: SIS- II Profi le, Mentally Retarded Children, SIS- II profi le. Projective techniques particularly inkblot tests are especially helpful in evaluating patients with limited language and verbal skills such as children, foreign born or new immigrants, native people, the learning disabled and mentally sub normal. Somatic Inkblot series (SIS) has become an effective projective tool for the assessment of the patients suffering from various mental health problems. Mental Retardation is one of the major problems which have drawn the attention of society and mental health professionals all over the world. The present study aims to assess the profi le of mentally retarded children using SIS-II. Thirty (30) mentally retarded children attending OPD of Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Science (RINPAS), Ranchi, India, were administered the Somatic Inkblot Series Booklet Version (SIS-II) and compared with 30 normal controls. The results reveal signifi cant difference in total number of responses, human, animal, anatomical, movement, most typical, typical, atypical, rejection of images, depression, and pathological anatomy.

range of 5 to 15 years. Clinical groups were diagnosed using the ICD 10 criteria and were screened on severity using Sequin Form Board Test and Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Children assessed as Mild to Moderate level of mental retardation on these tests were selected for the study. Mentally Retarded children with any other neurological disorder/major physical illness were excluded from the study. Normal healthy participants were screened on the Stanford Binet Test of intelligence to rule out mental retardation and those who were screened average level of I.Q. were taken for the study. Tools : Socio demographic data sheet was used to collect details such as age, education, gender, and illness related information. Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale was used to assess the intelligence of normal children Seguin Form Board was used to assess the intelligence of mentally retarded children Somatic Inkblot Series-II (Cassell et al., 1980, 2003): After initial success with SIS-I in 1980, the Booklet form of SIS-II was developed in 1990 It consists of Series A and B, each with 31 images, for a combined series total of 62 images. There is also a sample image in the beginning. The stimulus images are printed in rectangles measuring about 5x6 cm, each with a space provided below the image for writing the response. All the images are contained in an eight-page booklet. The fi rst seven pages consist of the stimulus images and the space for responses. The last page is printed with instructions for self-administration, and a place for a brief health history and personal data. The SIS-II can be used in a variety of ways, but was designed for self-administration after supervised instruction. It can also be used as a group test. The SIS-II can also be used as a screening instrument to identify normal subjects from clinical groups. Procedure: Subjects were selected after screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. SIS-II was administered and scored following standard procedures (Cassell and Dubey, 2003), after taking consent of the subjects. The SIS-II protocols were analyzed on 14 indices i.e. Total no of responses (R), Human (H), Animal (A), Movement (M), Anatomy (At), Sex, Rejection of images (Rej), Most Typical (MT), Typical (T), Atypical (AT), Pathological Anatomy Scale (PAS), Depression Scale (D), Hostility Aggression Scale (HAS), and Paranoia Scale (P). The MR subjects were tested using VSMS and Seguin Form Board Test, followed by SIS-II Test. Results and Discussion : Data obtained was analyzed using t test for comparison of both the groups. SPSS 10 was used for analysis. Perusal of the table 2 shows the response pattern of the subjects. Findings suggest that both the groups differ signifi cantly on total no of responses (R), human(H), animal(A), anatomical(At), movement(M), typical(T), most typical(MT), atypical(AT), rejection of images(Rej), PAS and depression. Findings of the study further indicates that Total number of Responses(R) were high in normal control group (M=65.93 + 2.97) in comparison to MR group (M= 47 + 7.69) and the difference is signifi cant at 0.01 level (t=11.98, P<.01).This indicates that mentally retarded are poor in productivity and low imaginative capacity indicating low intelligence. 52 Alreja et al Table 1 Characteristics of the sample Socio demographic details Mentally Retarded(n=30) Normal (n=30) Age in years 5-10 11-15 Education Illiterate Up to 5th Class(Primary) Up to 8th Class(Middle) Domicile Semi Rural IQ Averagr Mild Moderate

Table 2 Comparison between Mentally Retarded and Normal Children on SIS-II Indices Mentally Retarded Group Normal Control Group t-ratio p-Value Mean SD Mean SD Total no of response(R) 47. 90 7. 69 65. 93 2. 97 11. 98 0.01 Human responses(H) 13. 00 5. 31 26. 87 4. 93 10. 47 0.01 Animal responses(A) 19.00 6.72 6. 87 2. 57 9. 23 0.01 Anatomical responses(At) 3.20 3. 63 14.1 6.54 7. 97 0.01 Sex responses(Sex) . 00 . 00 .13 . 51 1. 43 NS Movement responses(M) . 70 . 92 4. 67 1. 83 10. 63 0.01 Most typical responses(MT) 4. 00 1. 59 14. 00 2. 02 21. 28 0.01 Typical responses(T) 12.33 3. 88 30. 40 8. 48 10. 61 0.01 Atypical responses(AT) 31.73 9.19 21. 43 7.79 4. 68 0.01 Rejection of images 16.07 7. 40 . 50 . 86 11. 44 0.01 Pathological Anatomy Scale(PAS) .47 . 94 . 30 . 60 8. 2 0.01 Depression(D) .40 . 62 . 06 . 25 2. 72 0.01 Hostile & Aggression Scale(HAS) 2. 30 2.72 1. 53 1. 22 1. 40 NS Paranoia(P) .67 1. 34 . 27 . 52 1. 51 NS Human responses were high in normal control group (M=26.87 + 4.93) in comparison to MR group (13 + 5.31) and the difference is signifi cant at 0.01 level (t =10.47, P<0.01).Low H indicates poor interpersonal relationship and adjustment problems in the MR group. The normal group is comparable with earlier studies (Cassell and Dubey, 2003). Animal responses were high in MR group (M =19.00 + 6.72) in comparison to normal control (6.87 + 2.57) and the difference is signifi cant at 0.01 level (t =9.23, P<0.01).This indicates that MR group is immature, frustrated and aggressive. They may not be able to divert their aggression in socially acceptable manner. The MR subjects perceived less anatomical (At) percept (M =3.20 + 3.63) in comparison to normal subjects (M =14.1 + 6.54) and the difference is signifi cant at 0.01 level (t =7.97, P<0.01).This indicates poor body awareness and as such low concern of self in MR subjects. Normal subjects have healthy body awareness and the fi ndings are similar to the earlier study on normal subjects (Cassell, 1990). Sex responses (Sex) were low in both the groups (normal (M =0.13 + 0.51, and MR M=0.00 + 0.00) and the difference was not found statistically signifi cant. Both normal and MR subjects in Indian culture at this age have low awareness of sexual contents, therefore, low sex responses on SIS images are in expected direction. The MR group shows signifi cantly low number of Movement (M) responses (M =0.70 + 0.92) in comparison to normal subjects (M= 4.67 + 1.83) and the difference was signifi cant (t =10.63, P<0.01).This might indicate that MR group are unable to utilize available resources to cope up with the demand of the situation. This may also indicate that they are inactive, have poor functioning intelligence and may not get enough benefi t from therapeutic intervention. It is further supported by low productivity and human responses in MR group. Most typical responses (MT) are suggestive of coherent, logical thinking, and ability to keep up with the demands of society. It may also be interpreted as a measure of ego strength and ability to live in a team .Most typical responses were found signifi cantly low in MR group (M= 4.00 + 1.59) than that of normal subjects (M=14+2.02) and difference is statistically signifi cant at 0.01 level (t =21.28, P<0.01). Normal children are comparable with normal children and adults of earlier studies (Cassell and Dubey,2003, Dwivedi et al, 1994). The MR subjects have scored high on Atypical responses (M=31.73 + 9.19) than normal subjects (M=21.43 + 7.79) and the difference was found to be statistically signifi cant (t =4.68, P<0.01). It is also clear from Table 2 that MR group (12.33 + 3.88) perceived signifi cantly low number of Typical (T) responses than normal group ( M=30.40 + 8.40,P<0.01).This may further support poor quality and bizarre think ing of MR subjects. SIS –II Profi le of Mentally Retarded Children 53

Rejection of images were high in MR group (M=16.07 + 7.40) in comparison to normal control group (M=0.50 + 0.86) and difference is signifi cant at 0.01 level (t =11.44, P<.01) suggesting their low intellectual capacity to react in different situations. On pathological scales, Mean number of responses is less than standard deviation may indicate that only a few subjects have shown Depression, Paranoia, and Pathological Anatomy, so it does not warrant any explanation. Conclusion: Signifi cant differences in responses pattern on SIS-II were found when MR group was compared with normal group. Profi le of MR indicates that they vary on Total no of responses( R), Human(H),Animal(A),Anatomical (At),Sex, Movement (M), Typical(T), Most Typical(MT), Atypical(AT), Rejection of images(Rej) with normal population .The MR group had signifi cantly more on Rejection of images and Animal responses and signifi cantly low on Total no of Responses, Human , Anatomical, Sex, Movement, Typical and Most Typical responses. The overall SIS-II profi le of MR indicates that they have poor imaginative capacity and poor effective intelligence, poor interpersonal relationship, low concern about their health, unable to utilize available resources to cope up with the demand of the situation, poor quality and bizarre thinking, low ability to keep up with the demands of society. References: Alexander, R., and Cooray, S. (2003) Diagnosis of Personality Disorder in Learning Disability. The British J. Psychiatry, 182, pp 28-31. Cassell, W.A. (1980) Somatic Inkblot Series-I .Aurora communication, Inc. Anchorage, Alaska(USA) Cassell, W.A. (1990) Somatic Inkblot Series-II .SIS Center, Anchorage, Alasla(USA) Cassell, W.A., and Dubey, B.L. (2003) Interpreting Inner World through Somatic Imagery: Manual of Somatic Inkblot Series .SIS, Centre, Anchorage: Alaska (USA). Dosajh, N.L. (1998) Use of SIS-II and Others Projective Test in the treatment of a Case of Schizophrenia .SIS J. of Projective Psychology & Mental Health.5 (1), 46-50. Dosajh, N.L.(1999) Maintaining Mental Health of the Aged through Psychosynthesis.SIS J. Proj. Psycho. & Mental Health.6(1),58-60. Dubey BL (2000) Editorial: SIS Technology in millennium 2000.SIS J. Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 7(2), 91-92. Dwivedi, P.; Mishra, Mridula and Cassell, W. A., (1994) Somatic Inkblot Series in Adolescents, J. Proj, Psy. & Mental Health,1: 27-32 Hunter, D., & Deb, S. (1991) Psychopathology of people with Mental Handicap and Epilepsy ill: Personality Disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, pp830-834. Jain, R., Singh, B., Mohanty, S.R., and Kumar, R. (2005) SIS-I and Rorschach Diagnostic Indictors of Attention Defi cit and Hyperactivity Disorder. SIS Journal of Projective psychology and Mental Health, 12(2):141-152. Khan, A., Cowan, C., and Roy, A. (1997) Personality Disorders in People with Learning Disabilities, A Community Survey .Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 41, pp 324-330. Nehra, Raghunatyhan, M., Verma, S.K., and Mann, S.B.S. (1997) Recognition of Psychological Problems in Patients suffering from Speech Defects with the help of SIS-II.SIS Journal of Projective psychology and Mental Health,4,1431-151. Pandey, R., Tripathi, V., and Tripathi, S. (2001) Age Related Changes in SIS-II Responses contents. SIS J. Proj. psycho. & Mental Health, 8(1):35-40. Panek, P.E. (2001) Editorial: Projective Psychology in the New Millennium Issues and Challenges. SIS J. Proj. psycho. & Mental Health, 8(2):73-74. Pershad, D., and Verma, S.K., (1995) Diagnostic Signifi cance of Content Analysis of SIS-II. SIS Journal of Projective psychology and Mental Health, 2(2), 141-149. Pershad, D., Verma, S.K., and Bhagat, K. (1997) Body Image Disturbances in Psychiatric Cases. SIS J.Proj. Psy..& Ment. Health, 4, 75-84. Rathee, S.P., Pande, V., and Singh, A. (1995) Diagnostic Effi cacy of Somatic Inkblot Series-II Among Psychiatric Patients of Armed Forces. SIS J.Proj. Psy..& Ment. Health, 2(1), 61-66. Rathee, S.P., Pardal, PK., and John, TR. (2002) Diagnostic Value of SIS-II Among sub –groups of Psychotic and Neurotic Patients of Armed Forces. Singh, A.R., and Dubey, B.L. (1997) SIS-II Profi le of Drug and Alcohol Dependent Cases. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health, 4(1), 56-59. Singh, A.R., Dubey, B.L., Sahu, L.M., and Banerjee K.R. (1997) Prognostic utility of Somatic Inkblot Series –II. SIS J.Proj. Psy..& Ment. Health, 4(2), 141-144. Singh, A.R., Dubey, B.L., Sahu, L.M., and Banerjee K.R. (2000) SIS-II Profi le of Professional Murderers. Verma, S.K., Pershad, D., and Nehra, R. (1994) Validation of SIS-II in psychiatric population. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health, 1, 15-18 54 Alreja et al

There are three major standardized tests based on inkblots. The pioneer amongst them is the Rorschach Inkblot Test published in 1921. Use of this test to explore the subject’s psychopathology and basic personality structure is well known. A research publication by Reynolds and Sundberg (1976) had ranked the Rorschach test as number one. A survey conducted on the members of The American Psychological Association Division-12, and The Indian Association of Clinical Psychologists showed concern from respondents about the limitations of the test (Sharma, Ojha and Vagrecha, 1975; Dubey, 1982). Zubin (1965) has charged seven major failures as follows: 1. Failure to provide an objective system, free of arbitrary conventions, and showing high inter scorer agreement. 2. Lack of satisfactory internal consistency, or testretest reliability. 3. Failure to provide cogent evidence for clinical validity. 4. Failure of the individual Rorschach scoring categories to relate to diagnosis. 5. Lack of prognostic or predictive validity with respect to the outcome of treatment, or later behavior. 6. Individual differences between groups of normal subjects. 7. Failure to fi nd any signifi cant relationships between Rorschach scores and intelligence, or creative ability To overcome these limitations, investigators have attempted to develop independent and refi ned inkblot techniques. Holtzman Inkblot Test and Somatic Inkblot Series are examples of such serious attempts to come up with better inkblot procedures. Both of these techniques fi nally came up with new images and method of scoring and interpretation. Somatic Inkblot Series has been radical in its approach by combining the features of inkblots and embedded structure to make it more useful for the purposes of understanding the dynamics of personality. SIS has integrated human body imagery in its stimulus images and developed diversifi ed versions – Card Form, Booklet Form, Video/DVD Form, allowing maximum fl exibility to an examiner to select the version likely to be most suitable for an individual client. SIS mostly emphasizes on the content based analysis and reduced the quantitative scoring indices to the bare minimum. In fact in this way, it balances the quantitative and qualitative aspects of studying an individual. Many of the quantitative scoring indices in SIS correspond with the scoring variables of Rorschach Inkblot Test. These quantitative scoring indices permit the statistical comparison across these two tests. The proponents of SIS-I repeatedly affi rm that Somatic Inkblot Series are not incompatible with the Rorschach and in fact it is continuation of Rorschach concept. If it is truly, the common indices across the two tests should correlate signifi cantly. In this paper, an attempt is made to examine empirically this hypothesis. Materials and Method : A sample of 50 normal subjects was drawn from general population. The subjects were screened on PGI Health Questionnaire-I (Verma and Pershad, 1985). SIS-I and Rorschach were individually administered on each subject. The Beck’s scoring method was done for Rorschach and SIS-I was scored as per the standard procedure (Cassell and Dubey, 2003). The scored indices on both the tests were converted into percent scores by taking Total Number of Responses (R) as denominator. Product Moment Correlations were computed for each common indices on percent scores. Results and Discussion: The results are presented in following table: Correlation between Rorschach and SIS-I Indices in Normal Group D. Kumar and R. Kumar Both Rorschach and SIS-I are based on the principles of projection and use inkblots to interpret the responses given by an individual. This interpretation of inkblots is further used to map personality and psychodynamics. Proponents of SIS-I repeatedly affi rm that Somatic Inkblot Series are not incompatible with the Rorschach. In fact they contend that it is continuation of Rorschach concept. If it is truly so then common indices across tests should be correlated signifi cantly. To empirically examine this hypothesis, we administered Rorschach and SIS-I on a group of 50 normal subjects drawn from general population after screening on PGI Health Questionnaire. The scores on common indices were converted into percent scores taking total number of responses as denominator and product moment correlations were computed on these transformed scores. Of eight analyzed common indices, the correlation coeffi cients were signifi cant on all indices except for anatomical responses. The detailed results are presented. D. Kumar, Ph.D., Lecturer, National PG College, Alwar (Rajasthan); Rakesh Kumar, Ph.D., Senior Clinical Psychologist, Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Agra. Email: mindpowerlab@gmail.com Key Words: Correlation between Rorschach and SIS,

The results indicate signifi cant correlation between common indices on both the tests except for anatomical responses. The pattern of correlations is as follows: Total Number of Responses (r=. 57), Popular/ Most Typical Responses (r=. 45), Good Form/ Typical Responses (r=. 47), Poor Form/ Atypical Responses(r=. 68), Movement Responses(r=. 37), Human Responses(r=. 36), Animal Responses (r=. 54) and Anatomical Responses (r=. 23). The signifi cant correlations across common indices confi rm the correspondence between quantitative indices of both the tests and support the assertion that SIS is a continuation of Rorschach Concept. The non-signifi cant correlation for anatomical responses is in order. SIS has embedded anatomical structure in its images which results in higher anatomy related responses. The studies on SIS-II have also reported similar trend of correlations. Kaur and Verma (1998) correlated Rorschach and SIS-II in mixed group of psychiatric patients they found signifi cant correlations for Most typical, Typical, Atypical, Movement, Human, and Animal responses. Rathee, Sarkar and Singh (1998) correlated Rorschach and SIS-II in schizophrenia, affective psychosis and unspecifi ed psychosis. The signifi cant correlation was obtained for Total no. of responses, Most-typical, Human, Animal and Rejection in Schizophrenia: for Typical, Atypical and Movement indices in Affective psychosis, and for Total no. of responses, Atypical, Human, Animal, Movement and rejection in Unspecifi ed psychosis. Conclusions : In this paper, we examined the correlation between common indices of Rorschach and SIS-I in a sample of 50 normal subjects. Eight common indices were subjected to analysis. Of eight common indices, correlation coeffi cients were signifi cant for seven indices. This empirically demonstrated the correspondence between quantitative indices of both the tests and supported the notion that Somatic Inkblot Series is a continuation of Rorschach concept. References : Cassell, W.A. and Dubey, B.L.(2003) Interpreting Inner World Through Somatic Imagery Manual of Somatic Inkblot Series, Somatic Inkblot Center, Anchorage.Alaska Beck, S.J., Beck, A.G., Levitt, E.E., and Molish, H.B (1961). Rorschach’s Test Basic Processes, New York; Gurne & Strattons. Banerjee, S. Mukhopadhyay, A., and Singh, U. (1998). An indepth study of somatization in heroin addicts through SIS-I and Rorschach. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 5, 33-39. Dosajh, N.L. (1996) Projective Technique with Particular Reference to Inkblot Tests. SIS-I and Rorschach. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health,3, 59-68. Dubey, B.L. (1982). A pragmatic view of Rorschach Inkblot Technique. National Psychological Corporation. Agra. Dubey, B.L., Dwivedi,P. and Singh, M.P. (1999) The application of Somatic Inkblot Series. Workshop Presented during National Seminar on Health Psychology K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, November 28-30 Table 1 Correlation Co-effi cient Across Common Indices of Rorschach and SIS-I Common Indices Rorschach Indices SIS-I indices Normal (N=50) Total Number of Responses Total number of responses .57* Popular Most Typical Responses .45* Good Form Typical Responses .47* Poor Form Atypical Responses .68* Movement Responses Movement Responses .37* Human Responses (H+Hd) Human Responses .36* Anatomical Responses Anatomical Responses .23 n.s Animal Responses (A+Ad) Animal Responses .54* * Signifi cant on .01 level 56 Kumar & Kumar

Dwivedi, C.B., Mishra, M., and Dubey, B.L.(1995) Diagnostic signifi cant of SIS-II and the Rorschach Inkblot Test . SIS-I and Rorschach. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 2, 165- 170. Kaur, R.P., and Verma, S.K.(1998) A correlational study of selected Rorschach and SIS-II variables in psychiatric patients. SIS-I and Rorschach. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 5, 116-118. Rathee, S.P., Sarkar, P., and Singh, A. (1998) Diagnostic validity of SIS-II among Psychopathological cases of armed forces. SIS-I and Rorschach. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 5, 139-144. Reynolds and Sundberg, N.D. (1961). The Practice of Psychological Testing in Clinical Services in the United States. American Psychologist, 16, 79 – 83. Sharma, V.P., Ojha, K. N., and Vagrecha, V.S. (1975). Clinical Psychology in India. Indian Jounal of Clinical Psychology, 2, 73 -76. Verma, S.K., Wig, N.N., and Pershad, D. (1985). PGI Health Questionnaire. National Psycholgical Corporation, Agra. Zubin, J., Eron, L.D., and Schumer, F. (1965). An Experimental Approach to Projective Techniques. New York. Correlation between Rorschach and SIS 57 Admission to Postgraduate Course-2009-2011/12 Session Government of Jharkhand Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry & Allied Sciences (RINPAS) Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 Phone: (0651) 2451121, Tele Fax: 0651-2450813 The Director, RINPAS, invites application for following courses commencing at this Institute from 1st May, 2009. Courses 1. M.D. (Psychiatry) ..............................................................1 Seat Duration : 3 years for M.B.B.S. degree holders and 2 years after two years D.P.M. holders. 2. Diploma in Psychological Medicine (D.P.M.).................1 Seat Duration : 2 years Qualifi cation (1&2): M.B.B.S. degree from any University/Medical College of Jharkhand State recognised by M.C.I.

The candidate who is resident of Jharkhand and has passed MBBS from Bihar can also apply, who has got admission in Bihar Medical College before creation of Jharkhand State i.e. before 15-11-2000.

The candidate must have completed the rotating internship by 15-2-2009.

The candidate must have obtained permanent registration from Medical Council of India or Bihar/ Jharkhand State Medical Council. Stipend : Residency Scheme will be applicable for M.D and D.P.M. students 3. Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology..........................................2 Seats Duration : 3 years for M.A. (Psychology) degree holders and 2 years after D.M. & S.P./M.Phil in Medical and Social Psychology / M.Phil in Clinical Psychology. Qualifi cation : Master degree in Psychology of a recognised university with minimum 60% marks, or Diploma / M.Phil in Medical and Social Psychology or Clinical Psychology. 4. Ph.D. in Psychiatric Social Work...................................2 Seats Duration : 3 years for M.A. Social Work or M.S.W. and 2 years for DPSW or M.Phil in Psychiatric Social Work. Qualifi cation : M. A. Social Work or M.S.W. of a recognised university with minimum 60% marks, or DPSW/M. Phil in Psychiatric Social Work. 5. M.Phil in Medical and Social Psychology.....................6 Seats Duration : 2 years Qualifi cation : M.A. in Psychology of a recognised University with minimum 50% marks in the aggregate. 6. M.Phil in Psychiatric Social Work........................................6 Seats Duration : 2 years Qualifi cation : M.A. Social Work/Sociology of a recognised University with minimum 50% marks in the aggregate. Stipend : According to the terms and conditions of the Institute (Rs.5000/- & Rs. 5500/- to M.Phil & Ph.D students respectively). 7. Diploma in Psychiatric Nursing*..........................................6 Seats Duration : One year Qualifi cation : ‘A’ Grade Certifi cate or Diploma in General Nursing and Midwifery. Experience : Two years experience as Staff Nurse Stipend : Subject to approval from Management Committee, RINPAS. * Subject to permission from Nursing Council of India Note: 1. Completed application form should reach on or before 15th February 2009 to the Director, Ranchi Institute of Neuro- Psychiatry & Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 along with a non-refundable demand draft of Rs.500/- (Rs.250/- only in case of ST/SC candidates) drawn in favour of the Director, RINPAS payable at Ranchi as examination Fee. 2. The written examination will be held on 28th February 2009. Only those candidates who qualify in written examination will be called for interview on 1st March 2009 for fi nal selection. 3. Candidates must report at 9.00 AM at RINPAS on 1st March 2009 and produce their original certifi cates and other documents at the time of interview. Application proforma (1) Name of the candidate (in block letters) (2) Father’s/ Huspand’s Name (3) Sex (4) Date of Birth (5) Marital Status (6) Nationality (7) State to which you belong (8) ReservationCategory (9) Correspondence Address (10) Permanent Address (11) Educational Qualifi cation with percentage of marks obtained in P.G. (12) Present Occupation (13) Work experience (14) Details of scientifi c publication/papers read in scientifi c conference (15) Bank Draft No. & Date (16) Give the name and address of two referees who are not related to you (17) Two attested recent passport size photogaphs. (18) Signature by the candidate. (19) Attested/Xeroxed copies of all certifi cates, mark sheets, testimonials and caste / Residential / Disability certifi cate etc. if applicable should be attached with the application.

Director

RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi

Content Validity of SIS-I and SIS-II Booklet Version Wilfred A. Cassell and Bankey L. Dubey This report presents two previously unpublished early statistical studies on SIS content validity. The fi rst was completed in 1978 with the SIS-I. It used a content analysis scoring system to quantify projective responses in a group of 13 women suffering from Premenstrual Dysphoric Syndrome (PMDD). As compared to a control group of 37 women these subjects projected signifi cantly more responses depicting reproductive and sexual symbols. Based upon chi squared analysis, statistically signifi cant differences were found for such sexual related anatomical responses, but not for unrelated body parts such as heart and lungs. The second study was completed in 1988 with the SIS-II Booklet Version. The data were analyzed for 37 of the 62 SIS stimuli. In the comparison 28 pregnant women were compared with 27 non-pregnant controls. A Chi squared analysis revealed that pregnant women projected more responses related to reproduction and/or pregnancy. SIS-I Validation Study : Premenstrual syndrome is an ambiguous ill defi ned condition. It encompasses a cluster of physical and psychological symptoms related to a woman’s menstrual cycle. Many of the somatic symptoms relate to reproductive structures and sexual function. These include breast tenderness, abdominal bloating and cramps in the abdomen and pelvic region. These are often accompanied by a variety of pains in joint and muscles, as well as headaches. These disturbances characteristically begin two weeks prior to menses and disappear afterwards. Conceptual Background : The concept content analysis has been examined in a number of psychological contexts (Stemler, Steve 2001) an overview of content analysis. Practical With regard to the SIS-I, a number of publications supporting content validity of somatic inkblots were outlined in the manual for SIS-I (Cassell, 1980). This presentation involves a previously unpublished statistical study completed in 1978. Because of their regional and symbolic specifi city in the feminine body image, the premenstrual syndrome presented a further clinical opportunity to examine the projective technique’s content validity. This particularly is true for an extreme form PMDD - a nomenclature applied psychiatrically when a woman is disabled by severe irritability, tension and dysphoria. Our operational defi nition in this study involved an increase of the above cluster of symptoms by at least 30%, in the six days prior to menses, as compared with the cycle phase 5 - 10 days. An additional criterion for inclusion was the persistent nature of the condition over time. In this regard it had to have been present for at least three continuous cycles. Results : A content analysis for SIS-I was used for scoring symbolic responses. These were assessed using chi square statistical analysis. This involved the presence versus the absence of the following projected reproductive and sexual symbolic imagery: vagina, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and menstrual blood, lips/ mouth and penis. Envisioning a “Pregnant woman” and “Infants” were also scored. The non sexual body regions scored was rectum, heart and lungs. These data are presented in Table 1. Discussion : In the fi rst study the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the SIS-I has content validity. Statistically signifi cant differences were found between the PMDD group and the controls with regard to those anatomical responses related to sexuality and reproductive function. The PMDD patients showed heightened awareness for body regions more likely to be associated with focal somatic symptoms. The organ specifi city seems unique within the overall body gestalt, since by comparison, no differences were found regarding projected “Heart” and “Lung” responses. The highest Chi squared value differentiating the two groups was obtained with regard to symbolism depicting “A pregnant woman”. This distinguishing symbolic material involving human content goes beyond body awareness. It illustrates the power of the SIS-I to tap into higher mental processes related to fantasy and wishful Table 1 Value of Chi-Square in SIS-I Variable Chi-square Value Sig. Level Vagina 2.428 n.s. Ovaries 4.727 .05 Uterus 10.482 .01 Mouth Lips 4.717 .05 Pregnant Woman 15.110 .01 Infant Baby 3.011 n.s. Rectum 8.509 .01 Heart n.s. Lungs .219 n.s Wilfred A. Cassell, M.D., FAPA, Director SIS Center, 4501 East, 104th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99508, Email: siscassell2@yahoo.com, and Bankey L. Dubey, Ph.D.,DPM, Director, SIS Center, 4406 Forrest Road, Anchorage, AK 99507(USA) Email:bldubey@gmail.com Key Words: Content Validity

thinking. This fi nding gives rise to the additional hypothesis that PMDD women may a frustrated overt or hidden mental desire to become pregnant. Of course this requires further evaluation by more scientifi cally rigorous research design. However, it did bring to mind for one of the author’s former medical school physiology professor’s simplifi cation of the physical and emotional aspects of the menstrual cycle: “Menstruation represents the tears of an empty uterus”. SIS-II Booklet Version Validation Study : The second study was completed in 1988 with the SIS-II Booklet Version. A group of 28 pregnant women were referred by their obstetricians to the study. The control group consisted of 27 no pregnant women in the same reproductive years, who volunteered from an outpatient psychiatric practice. The data were analyzed for 32 of the 62 SIS stimuli which had SIS structure capable of eliciting imagery related to reproduction or pregnancy. Content analysis of responses was used for scoring. In the comparison 28 pregnant women were compared with 27 nonpregnant controls. A Chi squared analysis revealed that pregnant women projected more responses related to reproduction and/or pregnancy. The probability level of statistical signifi cance (“p” values) was as follows: on A22 .002, on B27 .003 on A15 and A 25 .01, on A18 .02, A27 .04 and B24, A8 and A2 .05. These data are consistent with that provided in the SIS-II manual entitled Interpreting Inner world through Somatic Imagery (Cassell and Dubey 2003). Since this article is focusing on the past, it is relevant to reveal the original conceptual background for designing B19. This was constructed as after meeting a young Gay artist who had designed an emblem on his shirt. The design was a semi-ambiguous depiction of a “broken heart” embedded in additional symbolism suggesting “an egg and sperm”. It was hoped that replication of this might provide a powerful projective stimulus for eliciting responses related to depression and body imagery. In the 1988 validation study, it was observed that pregnant women were more likely to recognize the embedded symbolism “egg with sperm” in B19. At that time it was a challenge to interpret how a gay artist would project the symbolism that he did in his shirt‘s emblem. In thinking about this, it appeared that the he probably had projected his own issues. After all, as a young homosexual, he likely was feeling sad about his sexuality, with particular reference to the fact that that as a homosexual, he would likely never father a child. The SIS test- Card form and Booklet/Video forms were also validated with Rorschach test and found content validity with high correlations in normal subjects and clinical groups- such as schizophrenia, affective psychosis, unspecifi ed psychosis, depression and anxiety. Signifi cant correlations were reported on the common contents (indices) of SIS and Rorschach: Most typical, Typical/Popular, Atypical, Movement, Human, and Animal responses (Rathee et al, 1998, Cassell and Dubey, 1990, Kaur and Verma, 1998). References : Cassell, Wilfred A. (1980) Body Symbolism and The Somatic Inkblot Series Anchorage Alaska Aurora Publishing 1980 Cassell, W. A. and Dubey .B. L (1990) SIS-Video Manual: SIS Cnter, Anchorage, Alaska (USA) Cassell, W. A. and Dubey .B. L (2003) Interpreting Inner World Through Somatic Imagery: Manual of Somatic Inkblot Series, SIS Cnter, Anchorage, Alaska (USA) Kaur, R.P., and Verma, S.K.(1998) A correlational study of selected Rorschach and SIS-II variables in psychiatric patients. SIS-I and Rorschach. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 5, 116-118. Rathee, S.P., Sarkar, P., and Singh, A. (1998) Diagnostic validity of SIS-II among Psychopathological cases of armed forces. SIS-I and Rorschach. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 5, 139-144. Stemler, Steve (2001) An overview of content analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 7(17) Acknowledgements : The authors wish to acknowledge the kind assistance provided in 1978 by Dr Richard Karmel, a psychoanalyst from the Department of Psychiatry at McGill University in Montreal Canada. He provided the patient and control subject’s SIS-I data. At that time, he also suggested for background reading purposes the following psychoanalytic references sources: (1) Karen Horney’s 1931 paper appearing in Feminine Psychology (H. Kelman ed) (2) Mary Chadwick’s “The Psychological Effects of Menstruation” 1932 (3) Michael Balint’s “A Contribution to the Psychology of Menstruation” Psychoan. Quarterly, 1937 (For additional background reading, the authors suggest the internet at www.wikipia.com searching for “Psychological test validity” and “Psychology of Menstrual Cycle”.) Content Validity of SIS 59

The present case history involves a severely depressed woman who was admitted to a psychiatric hospital because of serious suicidal ideation. On the day of admission a standard psychiatric interview established an initial diagnosis of Major Depression. The following day new information was obtained with regard to the release of traumatic memories.. These will be presented here in order of the images on the video as illustrated below: Series I Image 5: “A wound weeping blood through a bandage.” In the detailed enquiry, this brought to mind an incident that happened fi fteen years previously. Her fi rst husband was then a commercial fi sherman and she was helping him fi sh in rough weather. Under these conditions she was concerned about the safety of their eighteen month old son. Her husband had insisted that the child stay in a chair on the deck outside the cabin. Suddenly a large wave struck the boat and the child fell striking his head resulting in profuse bleeding. She was terrifi ed. Characteristic of traumatic memories all the details were vividly recalled. She related her extreme anger and frustration about having no bandages to suppress the bleeding. Ultimately she was forced to use rags which had been used to clean fi sh, oil etc, She spoke at length about this highly stressful episode. Series II Image 2: “Two brothers arguing intensely in disagreement.” This brought to mind scenes when she couldn’t control her two sons whose anger mimicked that of their father.. Series II Image 3: “Anger and violence.” This brought to mind violent and abusive memories from her fi rst marriage. She commented that the red symbolized “all the anger that was present”. Series II Image 4: This brought to mind her frustrations about not being able to get divorced from her abusive husband. She felt “trapped” and powerless. She revealed that during this period was when she fi rst became suicidal. Series II 7: “A sad kitty.” . This brought to mind sad memories from thirteen years previously. She recalled a stressful street scene in which she and her son witnessed their family cat getting run over. They felt “very, very sad and angry.” Series II 10: “A sad family.” In the detailed enquiry she said that the picture reminded her of “funerals”. She reminisced philosophically saying that in spite of the problems, her fi rst marriage had positive periods. She compared the loss of her fi rst marriage to a “death”. Series III 1: “A bullet shooting someone”. Here she detailed a stressful episodes in her fi rst marriage. This was a scene in which her ex-husband had pointed a gun at her and threatened to kill her. Series III 2: “Parents comforting an angry child.” This brought to mind a stressful scene which had led her to feel intensely suicidal just prior to present hospitalization. It involved her angry son threatening her. Series III 7: “An angry shaking of somebody.” This brought to mind traumatic memories of her exhusband’s physical abuse. Series IV 3 “Angry faces.” This reminded her of her ex-husband facial appearance. She reported that when he was intensely angry “You could see it in his face.” Series IV 8 “A boy’s penis which has been stretched out and cut open.” She couldn’t believe that she had gotten this out of the picture. Looking at it made her feel very afraid. Eventually she recalled a letter written to her at age 16 from her fi rst husband prior to their marriage, when he was away in the Vietnam war. He told her that he planned to have sex with “A hooch maid”. At the time she had heard that Vietnamese women put razor blades in the vagina. She said that this made her feel anxious and “ very, very betrayed”. Series III 9 “A torn vagina”. This brought to mind when her fi rst husband’s brother raped her. Living Images and Psychotherapy: A Case Study Wilfred A. Cassell, Padma Dwivedi and B.L. Dubey Living Images is a structured video and/or computer monitor projective technique. It incorporates many of the self administration and the mesmerizing fl oral imagery concepts of the SIS-II system. All of the specifi cally structured visual stimuli were created by female artists. It is a powerful video/computer electronic procedure procedure for releasing unique stressful memories in females. It has fi ve series of ambiguous human/anatomical stimuli separated by calming representations of beautiful fl owers. Once a formal initial examination is completed to establish a working diagnosis, this projective procedure can facilitate psychotherapeutic treatment planning. A previous report in this journal illustrated its application in a case of sexual assault (Cassell,M.et al 1999). Wilfred A.Cassell, M.D., FAPA, Director SIS Center, 4501 East, 104th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99508, email:siscassell2@yahoo.com, Padma Dwivedi, M.A., Med. Social Worker and Bankey L. Dubey, Ph.D., DPM, Director, SIS Center, 4406 Forrest Road, Anchorage, AK 99507(USA) Email:bldubey@gmail.com Key Words: SIS Living Images, Psychotherapy

Series III 10 “Anger intensifi ed…then lessened…but not gone”. This brought to mind her long standing anger during her stressful fi rst marriage. She spoke about going through “anger cycles” ending in her becoming “afraid”. Then she would “put it down” in a repressive like fashion. Series V 1 “A woman’s reproductive organs shot with a hole through”. This symbolized fears that her exhusband would act on his persistent threats to shoot her. Series V 2 “A woman during a miscarriage.” In the detailed enquiry she said that at age fourteen she had an abortion, which left her feeling guilty. These responses provided a foundation for planning a two stage psychotherapeutic treatment plan. The fi rst stage focused on the following current stressors: 1. The threatening incident with her raging out of control son that led her to feel suicidal immediately prior to admission. 2. An exhusband who continued to make homocidal threats. 3. An exhusband who constantly tryed to undermine her authority with her sons. The second stage involved therapeutically processing her multiple long term stressful memories released by Living Images. Conclusion: Such old historical data could not have been obtained so rapidly in a standard hospital admission interview. References: Cassell, Wilfred A. (1990) Living Images. SIS Center, Anchorage, Alaska (USA) Cassell, M., Cassell, W., Dubey, B.L., Dwivedi, P., Molchanov, E., and Routh, L. (1999) A Video Projective Technique for PTSD in Women (1999) Living Images and Psychotherapy 61 Appeal Members of Somatic Inkblot Soceity are requested to kindly send their Annual dues before the 31st of January each year, to enable the Society to meet its expenses and smooth publication of the Journal.

Quality of Life in Schizophrenia and its Relationship with Age of onset and Duration of illness Arif Ali, N.Kujur, Masroor Jahan, A. N. Verma and Amool R. Singh The study aimed at assessing quality of life in schizophrenic patients and to see the relationship between quality of life, duration of illness and age of onset. The sample included 60 schizophrenic patients from Ranchi Institute of Neuron-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Ranchi (India). World Health Organization Quality of life Scale (WHOQOL –BREF) was administered to fi nd out the Quality of life. Result shows that the majority of the patients were neither satisfi ed nor dissatisfi ed in all domains of quality of life. The fi ndings further reveal that the age of onset has a negative correlation with environment domain (WHOQOL –BREF) and duration of illness has a negative correlation with psychological domain (WHOQOL –BREF). World Health Organization (WHO) defi nes quality of life as “individuals’ perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a broad ranging concept affected in a complex way by the person’s physical health, psychological state, personal beliefs, social relationships and their relationships to the salient features of their environment” (WHO, 1994). The WHO has developed a comprehensive instrument to gauge the level of quality of life of the people with any kind of physical and psychological anomalies as well as the quality of life of the people who are attached with these people. Schizophrenia is a condition that affects about 1 % of the population during a lifetime worldwide. It is a signifi cant cause of suffering for the affected individual with about 10 percent of patients committing suicide (Andreasen, 2000). It imposes severe hardships on patients and their families and challenge society in the development of public policies that both preserve the public welfare and afford patients a decent quality of life. Among the various conceptual challenges inherent in evaluating services for persons with schizophrenia has been the development of appropriate outcome measures refl ecting the broad range of problems faced by these patients (Lehman et al., 1982). For the chronically mentally ill with schizophrenia, the concept of quality of life differs from that used to describe physical and less-debilitating psychiatric illnesses. People who are chronically ill with schizophrenia have particular needs that exert a profound infl uence on their existence and subjective well-being Quality of life (QOL) has been recognized as an important outcome of the treatment of schizophrenia, yet the determinants of QOL for individuals with schizophrenia are not well known. Researchers have consistently found psychiatric symptoms to be negatively related to QOL; however, fi ndings concerning the strength of these relationships have been mixed, making it diffi cult to determine the degree to which such symptoms are related to poor QOL. There is considerable concern in quality of life research. Researchers have tried to fi nd out the infl uence of clinical variables upon the quality of life of schizophrenic patients. Different studies have focused on variables such as diagnostic sub type, age of onset, length of illness, previous psychiatric hospitalization, functional level, and so on. Even though the results are not conclusive, the majority agree that a worse quality of life is associated with residual type, longer length of illness, and previous hospitalization. Koivumaa-Honkanen and Associates (1996) using a different QOL scale, found that patients with schizophrenia had a lower life quality than those with other psychiatric diagnoses. Keeping this in view, the present study was conducted to examine the quality of life in the schizophrenic patients and to see the relationship between quality of life, duration of illness and age of onset. Objectives: The study was conducted with the follwing objectives: To asses the quality of life among patients with schizophrenia. To see the relation ship between Quality of life and duration of illness To see the relationship between Quality of life and age of onset Materials and Method : This study was conducted in Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Ranchi (Jharkhand). Based on purposive sampling technique, Arif Ali, Psychiatric Social Worker, LGBRIMH,Tezpur,Assam, email:arifafi @gmail.com, N. Kujur, M. Phil, Psychiatric Social Work, Masroor Jahan, Ph.D. Associate Prof., A. N. Verma, Ph.D. Associate Prof. Dept Psychiatric Social Work, and Amool R. Singh, Ph.D., Prof. and Head, Dept. of Clinical Psychology & Psychiatric Social Work, RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi-834006(India) Key Words: Quality of life, schizophrenia, age of onset and duration of illness

sixty schizophrenics from the in- patient unit of RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi were taken for the study. All the patients had been diagnosed by a psychiatrist following ICD-10. They were in the age range of 18 to 60 years with a minimum duration of 2 years of illness. Patients with any organic involvement and having signifi cant physical illness were excluded from the study. They were also consented for the study. All the subjects were interviewed and then assessed with the help of semi-structured socio-demographic and clinical data sheet. WHOQOL –BREF Scale was administered individually to know the Quality of life. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13.0 was used for the analysis of the data. Results: The results of the statistical procedure are presented in the tables. Table 1 shows clinical profi le of sample. Majority of the patients were in the age range of 21030 yrs at the onset of illness with a duration of illness of two years (47.65%) Table 2 reveals that the majority of the patients are neither satisfi ed nor dissatisfi ed in all the domain of quality of Life Scale. Table 3 shows that age of onset has signifi cant (p<0.05) negative correlations with domain 4 (Environmental) in quality of life (WHOQOL –BREF). Table 4 show that duration of illness has signifi cant (p<0.05) negative correlations with domain 2 (physical) of quality of life (WHOQOL –BREF) Table 1 Age of Onset and Duration of Illness of the Patients Variables N (%) Age at onset Up to 20 years 4 (6.6) 21 – 30 years 34 (56.6) 31 – 40 years 22 (36-6) Duration of illness Up to2 year 30 (50) 2 – 4 years 11 (18.3) More than 4 years 19 (31.6) Table 2 Showing Profi le of Quality of Life (WHOQOL –BREF) of Patient WHOQOL- BREF Physical N (%) Psychological N (%) Social N (%) Environment. N (%) Very satisfi ed 2(3.3) - 3(5.0) - Satisfi ed 20 (33.3) 23(38.3) 12(20.0) 21(35.0) Nether satisfi ed Nor dissatisfi ed 30(50.0) 35(58.3) 29(48.3) 31(51.7) Dissatisfi ed 8(13.3) 2(3.3). 16(26.7) 6(10) Very dissatisfi ed - - - 2(3.3) Table 3 Correlations between Various Domain of Quality of Life (WHOQOL –BREF) and Age of Onset Variable Domain 1 (Physical) Domain 2 (Psychological) Domain 3 (Social) Domain 4 (Environment) Age of onset QOL -Domain 1 (Physical) . - QOL -Domain 2 (Psychological) 579* QOL-Domain 3 (Social) 444* .258* QOL -Domain 4 (Environment) .329* .316* .219 Age of onset -.172 .004 -.078 -.420* *p<0.05) Quality of Life in Schizophrenia 63

Table 4 Correlations between Various Domain of Quality of Life (WHOQOL –BREF) and Duration of Illness. Variable QOL -Domain 1 (Physical) QOL -Domain 1 (Physical) QOL -Domain 1 (Physical) QOL -Domain 1 (Physical) Duration of illness QOL -Domain 1 (Physical) QOL -Domain 2 (Psychological) 579* QOL-Domain 3 (Social) 444* .258* QOL -Domain 4 (Environment) .329* .316* .219 Duration of illness -.221 -.306* -.069 -.245 *p<0.05) Discussion: The majority of the patients had age of onset of illness between 21-30 years. Castle et al (1991) found peak ages of onset being 20–28 years for males and 26–32 years for females which is similar to our study. With the increasing awareness of the multidimensionality of treatment outcome and the importance of patient satisfaction in health care, the construct of QOL has become an important area of investigation (Gellert, 1993 and Tantam, 1988). The fi ndings further suggest that the majority of the patients were neither satisfi ed nor dissatisfi ed in all the domain of quality of life. Browne et al (1996) also reported poor to moderate quality of life, using the Quality of Life Scale. The age of onset has a negative correlation with environmental domain of quality of life and duration of illness also has a negative correlation with psychological domain of quality of life. Similar results were obtained by Browne et al (1996), who demonstrated a negative correlation between length of illness and quality of life. The fi ndings of the study demonstrate that the eventual course and outcome of schizophrenia are much more heterogeneous. The traditional view emphasize on a persistent downhill course of increasing disability whereas the present view the course is often erratic, with periods of relatively good functioning mixed with relapses and decreased function and often the pattern is unpredictable. The studies conducted to see the long-term outcome show that up to two-thirds of people with schizophrenia have a good long-term prognosis. Some patients eventually recover, become symptom free and no longer need medication or other treatment, although we know little about what promotes this recovery (Ciompi, 1980; Warner, 1985). For the chronically mentally ill with schizophrenia, the concept of quality of life differs from that used to describe physical and less-debilitating psychiatric illnesses. People who are chronically ill with schizophrenia have particular needs that exert a profound infl uence on their existence and subjective well-being. For example, these patients must be educated to deal with the stigma associated with a mental illness. Many have poor resources and lifetime disability. Others have considerable family strain and may be disconnected from their parents and siblings. Due to the chronic and incomplete symptom resolution, signifi cant numbers of patients live in residential settings and do not get employed and married. The QOL scales targeted toward schizophrenic patients need to address the concerns unique to the illness in order to accurately measure the quality of life. There is a need to study the specifi c problems of schizophrenic patients such as resource management, accessibility to health care, nature of personal and familial relationships, and use of leisure time with schizophrenia. The study requires large sample with sub-categories and varying duration of illness with the outcome of treatment before generalizing the fi ndings of this study. 64 Ali et al

Conclusion: The concept of quality of life has been studied with the help of Quality of Life Scale developed by WHO. Result shows that the majority of the patients were neither satisfi ed nor dissatisfi ed in all domains. The fi ndings further reveal that the age of onset has a negative correlation with environment domain and duration of illness has a negative correlation with psychological domain. Reference: Andreasen N. C. (2000). “Schizophrenia: the fundamental questions” Brain Research Reviews 31: 106-112. Browne, S., Roe, M., Lane, A., Gervin, M., Marris, M., Kinsella, A., Larken, C.S O Callaghan E. (1996) Quality of life in schizophrenia: Relationship to socio-demographic factors, symptomatology and tardive dyskinesia, Acta Psychiatry Scandivia 94, 118-124. Castle E; Wessely S, Der G, Murray RM. (1991)The incidence of operationally defi ned schizophrenia in Camber well 1965–84, British Journal of Psychiatry ,159: 790-794. Ciompi, L. (1980) Catamnestic long-term study on the course of life and aging of schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 6, 606 –618. Gellert G. (1993) The importance of quality of life research for health care reform in the USA and the future of public health. Quality of Life Research, 2:357-361. Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Viinamaki H, Honkanen R.(1996)Correlates of life satisfaction among psychiatric patients, Acta Psychiatric Scandivia ,89:72-77. Lehman, A.F., Ward, N.C. and Linn, L.S. (1982) Down and out in the city: The homeless mentally ill. Hospital and Community psychiatry, 34, 817- 821. Tantam, D. (1988) Review article: Quality of life and the chronically mentally ill. International journal social Psychiatry, 34:243-247, Warner, R. (1985) Recovery from Schizophrenia: Psychiatry and Political Economy (3rd edn). Hove, UK: Brunner-Routledge World Health Organization (1994) Qualitative research for health programme. Division of Mental Health, WHO, Geneva. Quality of Life in Schizophrenia 65 A case study is reported in every issue of the Journal. The readers are requested to send their comments to: Prof. Amool R. Singh, Ph.D., Editor in Chief, SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health for publication in next issue of the journal. Also, please send your case study using projective test for publication in next issue of the journal.

SIS Portraits for Interpretative Blog Input Wilfred A. Cassell Welcome to this new consulting educational exercise. You are invited to review the brief outline of the outlined case history and the SIS-II Video answer Booklet. Please e-mail to me before March 31, 2009 (siscassell2@yahoo.com) all the projective information that you have obtained. In case you do not have SIS-II booklet to see the images, please write to Dr. Bankey L. Dubey (sisdubey@rediffmail.com). Imagine that you are preparing a formal consultation report for the hospital treatment team. Afterwards all participants who volunteer to act as judges will be given the opportunity to review all submissions and vote on their relative merit. The report judged to have the highest rating will be published in the next issue of our journal. A prize of Rs.2500/- Will be given to the winner. Afterwards all interested participants will be given the opportunity to review and discuss all submissions through e-mail contact. We hope that all will communicate in a respectful and empathetic fashion in this projective educational exercise. This involves a severely depressed adolescent girl who was admitted to a psychiatric hospital because she was suicidal. In completing the Answer sheet to the SIS-II video she reported the following somatic symptoms: headache, stomach aches and ear aches. The SIS was request to evaluate issues of dangerousness. The three Most disliked or emotionally disturbing projective responses were as follows: B17 “A bright red heart that burst.” B31 “A family that used to be happy but are down now like they are at a funeral…A family that has been destroyed.” B4 “My self image…I’m bright…I can’t face that I am depressed and want to be dead…my self image isn’t too good right now.” She rated the following projective responses as “Most liked”: A5 “A person standing with big lips…or a chef”. “I liked it because it was funny. A6 “A teddy bear with a person next him rocking… …I used to stuff animals and I saw a cute teddy bear.” A21 “A half duck and half fi sh bird…I liked it because it was unusual.” Next the responses will be reported in order of appearance in the SIS-II Video. A1 “Pictures of cats staring at each other with pigs dancing.” A2 “An old woman walking with pictures of skeleton’s behind her.” A3 “A picture of a blotted fl ower with roots sticking out.” A4 “A picture of a bird mouse with something sticking out biting a music box. A7 “A lady dancing with a big butt and curve and skinny with a mistle toe over her. A8 “A Japanese lady wearing a low decorated robe.” A9 “Two people dancing with hearts between them.” A10 “A huge mouse and an elf staring at each other.” A11 “A kind of ear or big grasshopper or frog.A12 “An embryo or fetus in the uterus or an ear.” A12 “A huge monster hand reaching out of a swamp with fi ngers on the edges.” A14 “A stomach with food going to upchuck.” A15 “A uterus with different tissues.” A16 “Two song birds with bills together…blood pouring down and a heart in between.” A17 “ the chest with peon’s ribs and a heart in between or two dogs staring at each other.” A18 “A heart pounding with a rabbit in the middle.” A19 “The large intestines in the human body.” A20 “The kidneys or a water faucet dripping out.” A22 “Some kind of pincher with a face in the bottom part eating towards something” A23 “A centipede or pinchers or fl owers from a stem.” A24 “Am undressed fat woman or an artists paint set.” A25 “A man that looks sad and lonely of a mean looking bug.” Wilfred A.Cassell, M.D., FAPA, Director SIS Center, 4501 East, 104th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99508, E-mail: siscassell2@yahoo.com, or E-mail: bldubey@gmail.com

A26 “fully grown in the uterus.” A27 “A pear…a pregnant woman with her hand on the belly and a skeletal hand.” A28 “A muscle man or a broccoli shoot.” A29 “A shadow of a man with a gun and blood in the background.” A30 “A scary looking skull…it looks like it is in a haunted house. A31 “Two people frustrated and mad but yet wanting romance.” B1 “A bear’s paw…a fi st hitting something.” B2 “Two people hanging upside down…they look torn apart.” B3 “A blotch with blood and a fi st.” B5 “Two people sitting on a chair or on TV talking… they are also drinking.” B6 “A yellow fl ower.” B7 “A an arrow pointing up with designs around it.” B8 “A person breathing in an out and moving back and forth.” B9 “Blackened kidneys upside down or a black lady with boots on.” B10 “A very confused dog.” B11 “A helmet or lungs moving back and forth.” B12 “An angry face that is squinting with his nose fl aring with an ear ring.” B13 “A question mark that someone may be confused or a sign not to do something.” B14 “A deformed face with ink all over it.” B15 “someone cutting themselves with knives with sharp points.” B16 “A fuzzy centipede or a lady dancing.” B18 “A screwdriver going through a pipe.” B19 “A big fuzzy spider with its heart broken searching for a new heart.” B20 “A brain that looks like it is getting ready to black out.” B21 “A gun that just shot someone or a poof thing.” B22 “A person lying down losing blood fast.” B23 “Ribs with black in them as if someone has smoked too much.” B24 “A candlestick.” B25 “Someone looking in a crystal ball predicting the future. B26 “A big muscular man that feels worried about himself on the inside.” B27 “Two fetus that have been aborted or will be twins.” B28 “A mother holding a child in her arms taking care of the child.” B29 “A little boy scared and running from something or else he’s missing one half of his leg.” B30 “Two ears that don’t want to listen to the surroundings.” SIS Portraits for Interpretative Blog Input 67

Anil Anil Agrawal, Agrawal, B.E.,MBA, B.E.,MBA, Executive Director, Executive Director, C-51, Sector 26, NOIDA- 201301 C-51, Sector 26, NOIDA- 201301 Tel: 91-120 4222 457 (R) Cell:91- 99716 59990 Tel: 91-120 4222 457 (R) Cell:91- 99716 59990 Cell: 99582 82999, E-Mail: anilagrawal33@yahoo.com Cell: 99582 82999, E-Mail: anilagrawal33@yahoo.com Email: anil.agrawal@mtil.in Email: anil.agrawal@mtil.in (SIS Membership No.19) (SIS Membership No.19) Rakesh Aggarwal, Rakesh Aggarwal, 364, Sector 15, Panchkula 134113 364, Sector 15, Panchkula 134113 Tel. 0172-2591824,E-mail : Tel. 0172-2591824,E-mail : rakesh17@yahoo.co.in rakesh17@yahoo.co.in (SIS LM No. 210) (SIS LM No. 210) Sakshi Aggarwal Sakshi Aggarwal

A 46, Lok Vihar, Pitumpura, Delhi- 110034 A 46, Lok Vihar, Pitumpura, Delhi- 110034 E-mail : a_sakshi@rediffmail.com (LM 2003) E-mail : a_sakshi@rediffmail.com (LM 2003) (SIS Membership No. 28) (SIS Membership No. 28) Nimisha Ahuja Nimisha Ahuja Tel: 91-9815500108 (LM) 2004 Tel: 91-9815500108 (LM) 2004 Email:- ahujanimisha@yahoo.co.in Email:- ahujanimisha@yahoo.co.in (SIS Membership No. 46) (SIS Membership No. 46) Sanjay Ahuja Sanjay Ahuja

1602, New Janta Colony, N.I.T., Faridabad- 121001 1602, New Janta Colony, N.I.T., Faridabad- 121001 Email : sanjay_ahuja80@yahoo.co.in (LM 03) Email : sanjay_ahuja80@yahoo.co.in (LM 03) Tel.: 91-129-25442877, Tel.: 91-129-25442877, (SIS Membership No. 92) (SIS Membership No. 92) Saurabh Ahuja, Saurabh Ahuja, C-211, Amand Vihar C-211, Amand Vihar New Delhi 110085 Tel. 011-22158920 New Delhi 110085 Tel. 011-22158920 E-mail : E-mail : sau_2k4@rediffmail.com sau_2k4@rediffmail.com (SIS LM No. 211) (SIS LM No. 211) Deoshree Akhouri Deoshree Akhouri C/o Prof. A. B. B. Lal C/o Prof. A. B. B. Lal Aryapuri, Ratu Road, Ranchi — 834001 Aryapuri, Ratu Road, Ranchi — 834001 Cell — 91-9905578833 Cell — 91-9905578833 (SIS Membership No. 309) (SIS Membership No. 309) S. Alam, S. Alam, Ph.D. Ph.D. Lecturer, Dept. of Psychology, Women’s Lecturer, Dept. of Psychology, Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University, College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002 (India) Aligarh-202002 (India) (LM 97) (SIS Membership No. 148) (LM 97) (SIS Membership No. 148) Kristian Aleman, Kristian Aleman, Ph.D. Ph.D. Psychoanalyst, Psychoanalyst, Vidargatan 5, entréplanet, Vidargatan 5, entréplanet, 113 27 Stockholm, SWEDEN. 113 27 Stockholm, SWEDEN. Phone: 00 46 8 32 82 08 Phone: 00 46 8 32 82 08 (M 2004) (M 2004) Email: kristian.aleman@ka-psychoanalysis.se Email: kristian.aleman@ka-psychoanalysis.se (SIS Membership No. 96) (SIS Membership No. 96) Ms. Zahirunnisa Ali Ms. Zahirunnisa Ali Specialist in Physical Therapy, Plot No. 65, Specialist in Physical Therapy, Plot No. 65, Ayppa Nagar, P.O. Katol Road, Nagpur (India) Ayppa Nagar, P.O. Katol Road, Nagpur (India) Tel.: 91-712-2539418 (LM 95) Tel.: 91-712-2539418 (LM 95) (SIS Membership No. 171) (SIS Membership No. 171) Sarika Alreja, Sarika Alreja, MA MA C/o Shri A. N. Alreja C/o Shri A. N. Alreja 117/K/103, R.S. Puram, Sarvodaya Nagar 117/K/103, R.S. Puram, Sarvodaya Nagar Kanpur — 208025 (U.P.) Kanpur — 208025 (U.P.) (M) 91-9835947497 (M) 91-9835947497 (SIS Membership No.234) (SIS Membership No.234) Vijaylaxmi Aminabhao, Vijaylaxmi Aminabhao, Ph.D. Ph.D. Professor, Dept of Psy, Karnatak Univ. Professor, Dept of Psy, Karnatak Univ. Dharwad (Karnataka) (LM 2004) Dharwad (Karnataka) (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No.260) (SIS Membership No.260) Abhinit Anand, Abhinit Anand, MA MA C/o R. B. Singh, Near AVKS School C/o R. B. Singh, Near AVKS School Morhabadi, Ranchi — 834008 (Jharkhand) Morhabadi, Ranchi — 834008 (Jharkhand) (M) 91-9334427965, Email: anand6364@yahoo.co.in (M) 91-9334427965, Email: anand6364@yahoo.co.in (SIS Membership No.306) (SIS Membership No.306) Tulika Anand Tulika Anand Research Scholar, 154, Maya Bazar, Research Scholar, 154, Maya Bazar, Reti Road, Gorakhpur-273001 Reti Road, Gorakhpur-273001 Ph.: 91-551-2344781, 98394-80442 (LM 03) Ph.: 91-551-2344781, 98394-80442 (LM 03) Email: Email: tulika_anand@yahoo.com tulika_anand@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 8) (SIS Membership No. 8) Anil R, Anil R, Ph.D. Ph.D. Lecturer , P.K.M.College of Education, Lecturer , P.K.M.College of Education, Madampam, P.O. Kannur, Madampam, P.O. Kannur, Kerala-670631(India) LM 2004 Kerala-670631(India) LM 2004 Cell: 91-9447027999, Email: Cell: 91-9447027999, Email: arpkm@rediffmail.com arpkm@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 9) (SIS Membership No. 9)

T.P. Antony T.P. Antony Principal, Avila College of Education, Principal, Avila College of Education, Aquinas Grounds, Edacochin, Aquinas Grounds, Edacochin, Cochin-682006 (M 2005) Cochin-682006 (M 2005) Tel: 91-484-2328166,2328167,2328567 Tel: 91-484-2328166,2328167,2328567 (SIS Membership No. 10 ) (SIS Membership No. 10 ) Roohi Arora Roohi Arora 802, Sector 8, Panchkula-134109 802, Sector 8, Panchkula-134109 Tel: 91-172-2573187 Tel: 91-172-2573187 (LM 2003) (SIS Membership No.11) (LM 2003) (SIS Membership No.11) Shweta Arora Shweta Arora 58,Sector 12A, Panchkula-134112 (India) 58,Sector 12A, Panchkula-134112 (India) Tel: 91-171-2571627 Email: shweta_arora5@yahoo.com Tel: 91-171-2571627 Email: shweta_arora5@yahoo.com (LM) 2004) (SIS Membership No. 12) (LM) 2004) (SIS Membership No. 12) Somatic Inkblot Society (Membership Directory - 2008) Membership Directory 16 : 68-89

Nidhi Ayri Nidhi Ayri

723 B,Sector 36 B, Chandigarh 723 B,Sector 36 B, Chandigarh Mob.: 9814195022, Email : Mob.: 9814195022, Email : nidhi1180@hotmail.com nidhi1180@hotmail.com (LM 2003) (SIS Membership No. 13) (LM 2003) (SIS Membership No. 13) Gagan Preet Singh Bakshi, Gagan Preet Singh Bakshi, 120/320, Lajpat Nagar, 120/320, Lajpat Nagar, Kanpur-208005 Tel. 0512-2297996 Kanpur-208005 Tel. 0512-2297996 Mob: 9872891055, 9415125810 Mob: 9872891055, 9415125810 Em Email id: gaganbakshi15@yahoo.com ail id: gaganbakshi15@yahoo.com (SIS LM No. 212) (SIS LM No. 212) Rajni Bala Rajni Bala C/o Jawahar Lal C/o Jawahar Lal Kokar, H.B. Road, Ranchi - 834 001 Kokar, H.B. Road, Ranchi - 834 001 Jharkhand. Cell : 91-9835334105 Jharkhand. Cell : 91-9835334105 E-mail : rajni_b_80@yahoo.co.in E-mail : rajni_b_80@yahoo.co.in (SIS Membership No.250) (SIS Membership No.250) Priyanka Banerjee, Priyanka Banerjee, M.Sc.(Psy) M.Sc.(Psy) 1B, Lovelock Place, Flat # 1A, 1B, Lovelock Place, Flat # 1A, Lovelock Apartments, Lovelock Apartments, Kolkata-700019. Kolkata-700019. E-mail: ms_p_banerjee@hotmail.com E-mail: ms_p_banerjee@hotmail.com Mobile: 91-9830066754 (LM2004) Mobile: 91-9830066754 (LM2004) (SIS Membership No.15) (SIS Membership No.15) Mrs. Shubhra Banerjee, Mrs. Shubhra Banerjee, Ph.D. Ph.D. “Shubhalaya”, 7, Mahaveer Colony, “Shubhalaya”, 7, Mahaveer Colony, Kamachha, Varanasi - 221 010, Kamachha, Varanasi - 221 010, (India) (LM 97) Tel. : 91-542-2312049 (H) (India) (LM 97) Tel. : 91-542-2312049 (H) (SIS Membership No.16) (SIS Membership No.16) Pankaj Bansal, Pankaj Bansal, MBA,

MBA,

52, Preet Nagar, Ferozpur City-152002 52, Preet Nagar, Ferozpur City-152002 Tel: 91-1632-220641 Tel: 91-1632-220641 Email : pankajkbansal79@yahoo.com (LM 03) Email : pankajkbansal79@yahoo.com (LM 03) (SIS Membership No.17) (SIS Membership No.17) Manav Bansal Manav Bansal 659, Sector 12, Panchkula-134112 (India) 659, Sector 12, Panchkula-134112 (India) Tel: 91-172-2563427 Tel: 91-172-2563427 Email:manav_bsl@yahoo.com (LM) 2004 Email:manav_bsl@yahoo.com (LM) 2004 (SIS Membership No.18) (SIS Membership No.18) Ms. Jayanti Basu, Ms. Jayanti Basu, Ph.D. Ph.D. AE 692, Salt Lake, Sec. 1, AE 692, Salt Lake, Sec. 1, Kolkata- 700 064, (India) (F97) Kolkata- 700 064, (India) (F97) Tel. : 91-33-23341421,(H) (LM 95) Tel. : 91-33-23341421,(H) (LM 95) E-Mail : E-Mail : jaybc@rediffmail.com jaybc@rediffmail.com , , btapas@cal2.vsnl.net.in btapas@cal2.vsnl.net.in (SIS Membership No.20) (SIS Membership No.20) Saugata Basu, Saugata Basu, M.Sc, M.Phil. M.Sc, M.Phil. Surendranath Cooperative,201, Surendranath Cooperative,201, Manikatala Main Road, Flat No.12, Manikatala Main Road, Flat No.12, Kolkata - 700 054, (India) Kolkata - 700 054, (India) Tel. : 91-33-23559772 (H) (F 97) Tel. : 91-33-23559772 (H) (F 97) E-Mail : saubasu@cal3.vsnl.net.in E-Mail : saubasu@cal3.vsnl.net.in (SIS Membership No.21) (SIS Membership No.21) Mansij Bhan Mansij Bhan Exe.Director, R.S.Careers Traders Pvt. Ltd, Exe.Director, R.S.Careers Traders Pvt. Ltd, 505 Sector-38A, Chandiogarh-160036 505 Sector-38A, Chandiogarh-160036 Mob: 9814332988 (LM2004) Mob: 9814332988 (LM2004) Email: roadkingindia@hotmail.com Email: roadkingindia@hotmail.com (SIS Membership No.22) (SIS Membership No.22) Nid Nidhi Bhardwaj hi Bhardwaj

3G/169, N.I.T., Faridabad (Haryana) 3G/169, N.I.T., Faridabad (Haryana) Phone : 91- 129- 2417087, 5054993 Phone : 91- 129- 2417087, 5054993 Email Nidhibhardwajnidhi@Yahoo.Com Email Nidhibhardwajnidhi@Yahoo.Com (SIS Membership No.23) (SIS Membership No.23) Suruchi Bhatia, Suruchi Bhatia, MBA MBA Address not known Address not known Email: suruchi.bhatia@it is.co.in, Email: suruchi.bhatia@it is.co.in, (LM2003)(SIS Membership No.24) (LM2003)(SIS Membership No.24) J.S. Bedi, J.S. Bedi, Chairman Chairman Gian Jyoti Inst. of Mgt. & Technology, Gian Jyoti Inst. of Mgt. & Technology, Phase-II, Mohali-Chandigarh (LM 99) Phase-II, Mohali-Chandigarh (LM 99) Tel. : 91-172-2228806, 2661327 (H) Tel. : 91-172-2228806, 2661327 (H) (SIS Membership No.25) (SIS Membership No.25) Mahesh Bhargava, Mahesh Bhargava, Ph.D. Ph.D. Director, National Psychological Corporation, Director, National Psychological Corporation, 4/230, Kacherighat, Agra - 282 004 (India) (F 95) 4/230, Kacherighat, Agra - 282 004 (India) (F 95) Tel. : 91-562-3257708 (W), 2464926(W) Tel. : 91-562-3257708 (W), 2464926(W) 562-2150113 (H) Telefax: 2155497(H) 562-2150113 (H) Telefax: 2155497(H) Mob: 9837061093(MB), 9412253754(Vivek) Mob: 9837061093(MB), 9412253754(Vivek) Email: Email: npc_agra@yahoo.com npc_agra@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No.26) (SIS Membership No.26) Hitkar Pushpa Bhengra, Hitkar Pushpa Bhengra, M.Phil (M&SP) M.Phil (M&SP) C/O Mr. Eman Dan Bhengra, C/O Mr. Eman Dan Bhengra, Vill : Dongrakata (Near The Block) Vill : Dongrakata (Near The Block) P.O. : Manoharpur, Dist : West Singhbhum P.O. : Manoharpur, Dist : West Singhbhum Mob.: 91-9835166504, 91-9304489084 Mob.: 91-9835166504, 91-9304489084 (SIS Membership No. 254) (SIS Membership No. 254) Nitesh Bhatia, Nitesh Bhatia, R-7/B-28, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad (LM 2001) R-7/B-28, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad (LM 2001) Tel: 91-120-24719685 Tel: 91-120-24719685 (SIS Membership No.27) (SIS Membership No.27) Parbhtej Singh Boparai, Parbhtej Singh Boparai, 119, Ph-II, SAS Nagar-160055 119, Ph-II, SAS Nagar-160055 Tel. 0172-2271339 Tel. 0172-2271339 (SIS LM No. 214) (SIS LM No. 214) Amardeep Singh Brar Amardeep Singh Brar 123,Sector-11, Chandigarh-160011 (India) 123,Sector-11, Chandigarh-160011 (India) Tel: 91-9814033830 Tel: 91-9814033830 (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No.57) (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No.57) Ameet Brar, Ameet Brar, 2261, sector-19 C, Chandigarh-160019, 2261, sector-19 C, Chandigarh-160019, Tel: 91-172-774466(H) (LM 02) Tel: 91-172-774466(H) (LM 02) (SIS Membership No.29) (SIS Membership No.29) Membership Directory 69

Wilfred A. Cassell, Wilfred A. Cassell, MD, FAPA, APC, MD, FAPA, APC, Director, SIS Center, Director, SIS Center, 4501E, 104th Avenue, 4501E, 104th Avenue, Anchorage, Alaska - 99516 (USA). Anchorage, Alaska - 99516 (USA). Tel : 907-346-3450 (H) (F 92) Tel : 907-346-3450 (H) (F 92) E-Mail : E-Mail : siscassell2@yahoo.com siscassell2@yahoo.com Email: Email: soroptimary@yahoo.com soroptimary@yahoo.com (SIS Founder Member No.1) (SIS Founder Member No.1) Prakash Chandran, Prakash Chandran, Ph.D. Ph.D. Kammathiparambil , Kammathiparambil , Elamakkara, Kochi-682026(Kerala) Elamakkara, Kochi-682026(Kerala) Tel: (0484)2536709, 2537556, Mobile: 9847039971 Tel: (0484)2536709, 2537556, Mobile: 9847039971 Email: Email: prakasharackal@rediffmail.com prakasharackal@rediffmail.com (F 1995) (F 1995) (SIS Membership No. 30) (SIS Membership No. 30) Ariban Chakraborty, Ariban Chakraborty, B 2/9, Golf Green, Phase 1, B 2/9, Golf Green, Phase 1, Kolkata-700095, tel: 91-33-24737465 Kolkata-700095, tel: 91-33-24737465 Email id: anirban_ubs@yahoo.com Email id: anirban_ubs@yahoo.com (SIS LM No. 215) (SIS LM No. 215) Harpreet Kanwal Chhabra, Harpreet Kanwal Chhabra, Ph.D. Ph.D. House No. 21, Phase 3A, Mohali-160059 House No. 21, Phase 3A, Mohali-160059 Tel:91-172-227059 (LM 2002) Tel:91-172-227059 (LM 2002) (SIS Membership No. 32) (SIS Membership No. 32) Manav Chhabra, Manav Chhabra, MBA

MBA

Gh-10, 29D, Sunder Apt., Paschim Vihar, Gh-10, 29D, Sunder Apt., Paschim Vihar, New Delhi -110063,Ph.011 25262897 (LM 03) New Delhi -110063,Ph.011 25262897 (LM 03) Email : Chhabramanav@rediffmail.com Email : Chhabramanav@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 33) (SIS Membership No. 33) Tarlok Singh Chhabra Tarlok Singh Chhabra Bangalow No. 889, Phase-3/B-2, Bangalow No. 889, Phase-3/B-2, Sector-60, Mohali, SAS Nagar-160059 (Punjab) Sector-60, Mohali, SAS Nagar-160059 (Punjab) Mobile: 91-9888687760, 91-9814410162 Mobile: 91-9888687760, 91-9814410162 (LM 2006) (SIS Membership No. 208) (LM 2006) (SIS Membership No. 208) Mrs. Rita Chaudhury Mrs. Rita Chaudhury C/O. Lt. Col. S. Chaudhury C/O. Lt. Col. S. Chaudhury A-2/9, Ravi Park, 77 Jagtap Nagar A-2/9, Ravi Park, 77 Jagtap Nagar P.O. : Wanwadi, Pune - 411040 P.O. : Wanwadi, Pune - 411040 Maharashtra (India) Maharashtra (India) (SIS Membership No. 34) (SIS Membership No. 34) Col. S. Chaudhury, Col. S. Chaudhury, MD, Ph.D. MD, Ph.D. Prof. and Head, Deptt. of Psychiatry, Prof. and Head, Deptt. of Psychiatry, RINPAS, Kanke,Ranchi-834006, (India) RINPAS, Kanke,Ranchi-834006, (India) Cell: 91-9334386496 Cell: 91-9334386496 E-Mail: suprakashch@gmail.com E-Mail: suprakashch@gmail.com (SIS Membership No. 35) (F1997) (SIS Membership No. 35) (F1997) Aman Chahal, Aman Chahal, MBA, MBA, 240, Sector-11 A, 240, Sector-11 A, Chandigarh-160011 Chandigarh-160011 Tel: 91-172-2740978 Tel: 91-172-2740978 Email: amanchahal_ubs@yahoo.co.in Email: amanchahal_ubs@yahoo.co.in (SIS LM No. 216) (SIS LM No. 216) Deepak Chawla

Deepak Chawla

# L398, Model Town, Panipat-132103 (Haryana) # L398, Model Town, Panipat-132103 (Haryana) Phone 91-1742-652169, Phone 91-1742-652169, Email Deepakl_Chawla@Indiatimes.Com Email Deepakl_Chawla@Indiatimes.Com (SIS Membership No. 36) (SIS Membership No. 36) Neeti Chopra, Neeti Chopra, MBA, MBA, 555, Sector-8B, Chandigarh-160008 555, Sector-8B, Chandigarh-160008 (SIS Membership No. 37) (SIS Membership No. 37) Alfred Collins, Alfred Collins, Ph.D. Ph.D. Consultant Clinical Psychologist Consultant Clinical Psychologist 615 East, 82nd Ave, Suite 102, 615 East, 82nd Ave, Suite 102, Anchorage, AK - 99518 (USA) Anchorage, AK - 99518 (USA) Tel. (907)-344-3338(W), Tel. (907)-344-3338(W), E-Mail : E-Mail : acollins@alaska.net acollins@alaska.net (LM 95)(SIS Membership No. 38) (LM 95)(SIS Membership No. 38) Carina Coulacoglou, Carina Coulacoglou, Ph.D. Ph.D. Psychologist, University of La Verne, Psychologist, University of La Verne, 40E, Esperou Str. Kifi ssia, Athens 14561 40E, Esperou Str. Kifi ssia, Athens 14561 Greece (M99) Telefax : (301) 6252269 Greece (M99) Telefax : (301) 6252269 E-mail : E-mail : carina@fairytaletest.com carina@fairytaletest.com Email: Email:carinacoul@yahoo.com carinacoul@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 31) Paid for 2009 (SIS Membership No. 31) Paid for 2009 Silvia Daini, Silvia Daini, Instituto di Psichiatria e Psicologia, Instituto di Psichiatria e Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome ( Italy) 00168, Rome ( Italy) Mobile: 0039 339 3798428, Tel/fax (0)6 3054850, Mobile: 0039 339 3798428, Tel/fax (0)6 3054850, Email: Email: daini@katamail.com daini@katamail.com (LM 2006)(SIS Membership No. 209) (LM 2006)(SIS Membership No. 209) Samridhi Dalal, Samridhi Dalal, E2 Sector 14, Chandigarh-160014 E2 Sector 14, Chandigarh-160014 Tel. 0172-2542110, E-mail : Tel. 0172-2542110, E-mail : samridhi_dalal@ samridhi_dalal@ rediffmail.com rediffmail.com (SIS LM No. 217) (SIS LM No. 217) Sanjukta Das, Sanjukta Das, M.Phil. (Cl.Psy.) M.Phil. (Cl.Psy.) Flat No.2, 1st Floor, P-32, Moti Gheel Ave, Flat No.2, 1st Floor, P-32, Moti Gheel Ave, Calcutta-700074(LM01) Calcutta-700074(LM01) Tel:91-33-23508386(H) Tel:91-33-23508386(H) (SIS Membership No. 39) (SIS Membership No. 39) Manisha Das Gupta, Manisha Das Gupta, D 4/202,Peerless Nagar, D 4/202,Peerless Nagar, Panihati, Distt: 24 Pargana(N) Panihati, Distt: 24 Pargana(N) Kolkata-700114 (LM 2004) Kolkata-700114 (LM 2004) Email: manisha_peu@rediffmail.com Email: manisha_peu@rediffmail.com (SIS LM No. 218) (SIS LM No. 218) Sonali De, Ph.D. Sonali De, Ph.D. B-1015, Karuna Moyee Housing Estate, B-1015, Karuna Moyee Housing Estate, Salt Lake, Calcutta - 700091 (India) Salt Lake, Calcutta - 700091 (India) Tel. : 91-33-23590561 (H) (LM 2000) Tel. : 91-33-23590561 (H) (LM 2000) E-Mail : E-Mail : sonali.de@cucc.ernet.in sonali.de@cucc.ernet.in (SIS Membership No. 40) (SIS Membership No. 40) 70 Membership Directory

Karl D Karl DeSousa, eSousa, M.A. M.A. 635 Atafondem Pular 635 Atafondem Pular Moira, Bardez , Goa-403514 (India) Moira, Bardez , Goa-403514 (India) Tel : 91-832- 2470319 Tel : 91-832- 2470319 E mail: E mail: himnkarl@gmail.com himnkarl@gmail.com (SIS Life Member No.272) (SIS Life Member No.272) Renu Dewan, Renu Dewan, Ph.D. Ph.D. Reader, Dept. of Psychology Reader, Dept. of Psychology Ranchi Women’s College, Ranchi Ranchi Women’s College, Ranchi (SIS LM - 319) (SIS LM - 319) Gurbir Singh Dhaliwal, Gurbir Singh Dhaliwal, 2535, Hargovind Nagar, Bhatinda-151001, 2535, Hargovind Nagar, Bhatinda-151001, Tel. 0164-2215927 Tel. 0164-2215927 (SIS LM No. 219) (SIS LM No. 219) Vikramjeet Singh Dhillon, Vikramjeet Singh Dhillon, 131 Sector 18-A, Chandigarh -160018 131 Sector 18-A, Chandigarh -160018 Tel. 91-172-2724284, 9872486677 Tel. 91-172-2724284, 9872486677 (SIS LM No. 220) (SIS LM No. 220) Sanmeet Dhillon Sanmeet Dhillon 84R,Model Town, Jalandhar-144003 84R,Model Town, Jalandhar-144003 Tel: 91-181-2272871(H) Cell: 9814133743 (LM04) Tel: 91-181-2272871(H) Cell: 9814133743 (LM04) (SIS Membership No. 41) (SIS Membership No. 41) Gyanender Dhillon, Gyanender Dhillon, MBA MBA 17, Phase-VI, Mohali, 17, Phase-VI, Mohali, Tel.: 0172-2268430 (LM 2003) Tel.: 0172-2268430 (LM 2003) E-mail : gyaninderdhillon@hotmial.com E-mail : gyaninderdhillon@hotmial.com (SIS Membership No. 42) (SIS Membership No. 42) Mrs. Pratibha Dhondia, Mrs. Pratibha Dhondia, M.A. M.A. 1138, Sector 43-B, 1138, Sector 43-B, Chandigarh - 160 034. Chandigarh - 160 034. Tel. : 91-172-2664562 (H) (LM 97) Tel. : 91-172-2664562 (H) (LM 97) (SIS Membership No. 43) (SIS Membership No. 43) Dipti Dipti 78, Sector-2, Industrial Area, 78, Sector-2, Industrial Area, Kurukshetra Kurukshetra Tel.: 91-129-25442877, Tel.: 91-129-25442877, (LM 2003) (SIS Membership No. 44) (LM 2003) (SIS Membership No. 44) Dipti Dhingra Dipti Dhingra # 1069, Sector 44-B, Chandigarh # 1069, Sector 44-B, Chandigarh E-mail: deeptidhingra@hotmail.com E-mail: deeptidhingra@hotmail.com (LM2003) (SIS Membership No. 45) (LM2003) (SIS Membership No. 45) Vanita Dua, Vanita Dua, Ph.D. Ph.D. A1-504 Mayank Appts, Plot No. 21, A1-504 Mayank Appts, Plot No. 21, Sector – 6, Dwarka, New Delhi-110 045 (India) Sector – 6, Dwarka, New Delhi-110 045 (India) Tel:91-11-25071935, 25071936, Cell: 9311810864 Tel:91-11-25071935, 25071936, Cell: 9311810864 E-mail: vanita.dua@gmail.com E-mail: vanita.dua@gmail.com Email: Email: vvv_16b@yahoo.com vvv_16b@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No.311) (SIS Membership No.311) Anand Dubey, Anand Dubey, B.E., MBA B.E., MBA Editor, 4406 Forest Road, Editor, 4406 Forest Road, Anchorage, Alaska - 99517 (USA) Anchorage, Alaska - 99517 (USA) Tel: (907) 248-2256 (Home) Tel: (907) 248-2256 (Home) E-Mail: anand.dubey@gmail.com E-Mail: anand.dubey@gmail.com (F 97) (SIS Membership No. 47) (F 97) (SIS Membership No. 47) Ash Asheem Dubey, eem Dubey, M.B.A. M.B.A. 4406 Forest Road, 4406 Forest Road, Anchorage, Alaska - 99517 (USA) Anchorage, Alaska - 99517 (USA) E-Mail :asheem.dubey@gmail.com E-Mail :asheem.dubey@gmail.com Mob: 917-446-2452, Mob: 917-446-2452, (F 97) (SIS Membership No. 48) (F 97) (SIS Membership No. 48) Bankey L. Dubey, Bankey L. Dubey, Ph.D. Ph.D. Director SIS Center India, Director SIS Center India, President Somatic Inkblot Society, President Somatic Inkblot Society, 4406 Forest Road, 4406 Forest Road, Anchorage, Alaska - 99517 Anchorage, Alaska - 99517 Cell:9417036655(India) Cell:907-250-8834(USA) Cell:9417036655(India) Cell:907-250-8834(USA) E-Mail: E-Mail: sisdubey@rediffmail.com sisdubey@rediffmail.com E-Mail:bldubey@gmail.com E-Mail:bldubey@gmail.com (SIS Founder Member No.2) (F 92) (SIS Founder Member No.2) (F 92) S.N.Dubey, S.N.Dubey, Ph.D. Ph.D. New Colony, Bachhra Road, New Colony, Bachhra Road, Faizabad-224001 (LM 03) Faizabad-224001 (LM 03) Tel:91-5278-2241070(H) 2232305(W) Tel:91-5278-2241070(H) 2232305(W) (SIS Membership No. 49) (SIS Membership No. 49) Ankur Dutta Ankur Dutta 18, East Lane, Sunderpur, RGB Road, 18, East Lane, Sunderpur, RGB Road, Guwahati-781005 (India) Guwahati-781005 (India) Tel: 91-361-2202515 Tel: 91-361-2202515 (LM 2001) (SIS Membership No. 50) (LM 2001) (SIS Membership No. 50) Rajan Dutta, Rajan Dutta, M.P.M.I.R. M.P.M.I.R. President HR, Lupin Ltd., President HR, Lupin Ltd., Luxmi Towers,’B’Wing, 4th Floor, Luxmi Towers,’B’Wing, 4th Floor, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai-400051 Mumbai-400051 Tel: 91-22-66402222 Tel: 91-22-66402222 E-mail: rajandutta@lupinpharma.com E-mail: rajandutta@lupinpharma.com (SIS Membership No. 51) (SIS Membership No. 51) Mrs. Padma Dwivedi, rs. Padma Dwivedi, M.A. M.A. 4406 Forest Road, 4406 Forest Road, Anchorage, Alaska - 99517 Anchorage, Alaska - 99517 Cell:9417036655(India) Cell:907-250-8834(USA) Cell:9417036655(India) Cell:907-250-8834(USA) E-Mail: E-Mail: sisdubey@rediffmail.com sisdubey@rediffmail.com (FM 92)(SIS Founder Member No.3) (FM 92)(SIS Founder Member No.3) Ms. Amanda M.Fernandes, Ms. Amanda M.Fernandes, M.A. M.A. House No.133/A, Quirnin, Quitula, Aldona. House No.133/A, Quirnin, Quitula, Aldona. Bardez, Goa-403508 (India) Bardez, Goa-403508 (India) (LM 2008, SIS LM No.312) (LM 2008, SIS LM No.312) M. Irfan Farooqi, M. Irfan Farooqi, Ph.D. Ph.D. Street Maqbarian, 1/5, sarahandi Gate, Street Maqbarian, 1/5, sarahandi Gate, Malerkotla-148023 Malerkotla-148023 Tel:91-1675-2252694(H),9855186967 Tel:91-1675-2252694(H),9855186967 (SIS Membership No. 52) (LM01) (SIS Membership No. 52) (LM01) Roberto Ferro, Roberto Ferro, Ph.D. Ph.D. Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Via Bernardino Bellincione -14, 20134 MILANO Via Bernardino Bellincione -14, 20134 MILANO (ITALY),(M 95) Tel: 39-2-2154874(H) (ITALY),(M 95) Tel: 39-2-2154874(H) E-Mail : csguazzin@fsm.it E-Mail : csguazzin@fsm.it (SIS Membership No. 53) (SIS Membership No. 53) Membership Directory 71

Megha Gagneja, egha Gagneja, 270, Sector 32-A, Chandigarh 160030 270, Sector 32-A, Chandigarh 160030 Mob. 9814174233 ,E-mail : Mob. 9814174233 ,E-mail : m_gagneja@yahoo.com m_gagneja@yahoo.com (SIS LM No. 221) (SIS LM No. 221) Bhawna Gandhi Bhawna Gandhi Quality House,Vikas Nagar, Quality House,Vikas Nagar, Shimla-171009 (India) (LM 2004) Shimla-171009 (India) (LM 2004) Tel: 91-177-2620512 Cell: 9418011151 Tel: 91-177-2620512 Cell: 9418011151 (SIS Membership No. 54) (SIS Membership No. 54) K. L. Garg, K. L. Garg, MD MD Consultant Neuro-Psychiatrist, SCO-6, Consultant Neuro-Psychiatrist, SCO-6, 1st Floor, Sector 17-E, 1st Floor, Sector 17-E, Chandigarh - 160 017 (India) Chandigarh - 160 017 (India) Tel.:91-172-2702281(W) 2564800(H) Tel.:91-172-2702281(W) 2564800(H) (LM95) (SIS Membership No. 55) (LM95) (SIS Membership No. 55) Divya Ghai, Divya Ghai, MBA MBA 1162 Sector 21-B, 1162 Sector 21-B, Chandigarh-160022 Chandigarh-160022 Tel.: 91-172-2703266, Tel.: 91-172-2703266, Email: divyaghai@hotmail.com Email: divyaghai@hotmail.com (SIS Membership No. 56) (SIS Membership No. 56) Tulika Ghosh, Tulika Ghosh, MA MA C/o Shri Subhash Chandra Ghosh C/o Shri Subhash Chandra Ghosh 7th Lane, Kantatoli Colony 7th Lane, Kantatoli Colony Netaji Nagar, Netaji Nagar, Ranchi — 834001 (Jharkhand) Ranchi — 834001 (Jharkhand) Mob: 91-9905757898 Mob: 91-9905757898 E-Mail: tulikaghosh_rinpas@yahoo.com E-Mail: tulikaghosh_rinpas@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 305) (SIS Membership No. 305) Ankush Girdhar, Ankush Girdhar, 75 Bhagat Singh Colony, Makhu Road, 75 Bhagat Singh Colony, Makhu Road, Ferozepr City-152002 Ferozepr City-152002 Tel. 01632-222539 Mob. 9855435539 Tel. 01632-222539 Mob. 9855435539 E-mail : E-mail : ankushgirdhar_ubs@yahoo.co.in ankushgirdhar_ubs@yahoo.co.in (SIS LM No. 222) (SIS LM No. 222) Sonali Giri, Sonali Giri, 538 KA/187/1A, Tulsipuram Triveni Nagar-3, 538 KA/187/1A, Tulsipuram Triveni Nagar-3, Lucknow-226020 Tel. 2757149 Lucknow-226020 Tel. 2757149 E-mail : E-mail : sona_smarti@yahoo.com sona_smarti@yahoo.com (SIS LM No. 223) (SIS LM No. 223) Deepak Kumar Giri, Deepak Kumar Giri, M.D. M.D. Asst. Professor,Deptt. of Psychiatry, Asst. Professor,Deptt. of Psychiatry, RINPAS, Kanke,Ranchi-834006, (India) RINPAS, Kanke,Ranchi-834006, (India) (SIS LM No. 310) (SIS LM No. 310) Shilpa Goyal Shilpa Goyal 94 A, Tagore Nagar, Civil Lines, 94 A, Tagore Nagar, Civil Lines, Ludhiana-141001 (India) Ludhiana-141001 (India) Tel: 91-161-2471710 Tel: 91-161-2471710 (LM 2004)(SIS Membership No. 59) (LM 2004)(SIS Membership No. 59) Philip Greenway, Philip Greenway, Ph.D. Ph.D. Faculty of Education, Monash University, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton Campus,Clayton, Victoria-3168 Clayton Campus,Clayton, Victoria-3168 Australia. Tel : 99052842(W),94585052(H) (M-2001) Australia. Tel : 99052842(W),94585052(H) (M-2001) E-Mail: E-Mail: philip.greenway@education.monash.edu.au philip.greenway@education.monash.edu.au (SIS Life Membership 60) (SIS Life Membership 60) Aditya Nath Gupta, ditya Nath Gupta, 101, SFS Flats, Gulmohar Enclave, New Delhi-110049 101, SFS Flats, Gulmohar Enclave, New Delhi-110049 Tel.9872749369, 011-26851463 Tel.9872749369, 011-26851463 Email id: Email id: adionthenet@yahoo.com adionthenet@yahoo.com (SIS LM No. 224) (SIS LM No. 224) Ravikant Gunthey, Ravikant Gunthey, Ph.D. Ph.D. A-111, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur-342003 (India) A-111, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur-342003 (India) (F 96) Tel.: 91-291-2433943(H) 2747277(W) (F 96) Tel.: 91-291-2433943(H) 2747277(W) Mob. Mob.: 9414127931 E-mail: guntheyravi@yahoo.co.in : 9414127931 E-mail: guntheyravi@yahoo.co.in (SIS Membership No. 61) (SIS Membership No. 61) Abhishek Gupta Abhishek Gupta Subhash Cottage, 670, Sector 6, Panchkula - 134 109. Subhash Cottage, 670, Sector 6, Panchkula - 134 109. (LM2001) Tel: 91-172-2773834, (LM2001) Tel: 91-172-2773834, Email:abhishek_gupta@spiceindia.com Email:abhishek_gupta@spiceindia.com E-Mail: abhishekgupta@engineer.com E-Mail: abhishekgupta@engineer.com (SIS Membership No. 62) (SIS Membership No. 62) Hemant Gupta

Hemant Gupta

House No. 275, Sector 16, Panchkula-134113 House No. 275, Sector 16, Panchkula-134113 Ph.:0172-2572101 Email: hemant_gupt@yahoo.com Ph.:0172-2572101 Email: hemant_gupt@yahoo.com Email: hemant.gupta@ionsoftnet.com Email: hemant.gupta@ionsoftnet.com (SIS Membership No. 63) (SIS Membership No. 63) Nitin Gupta, Nitin Gupta, Gupta Cloth House, Near Arya Samaj Mandir, Gupta Cloth House, Near Arya Samaj Mandir, Main Bazar, Dina Nagar, Main Bazar, Dina Nagar, Distt Gurdaspur-143531 Distt Gurdaspur-143531 Mob. 9814506329 Mob. 9814506329 E-mail : E-mail : ernitingupta@rediffmail.com ernitingupta@rediffmail.com (SIS LM No. 225) (SIS LM No. 225) Nehra Gupta, Nehra Gupta, 529/5-4, Shastri Nagar, 529/5-4, Shastri Nagar, Mandigobindgarh (Pb.) Mandigobindgarh (Pb.) Tel.01765-266268 Tel.01765-266268 E-mail : E-mail : guptanehra16@hotmail.com guptanehra16@hotmail.com (SIS LM No. 226) (SIS LM No. 226) Priyanka Gupta, Priyanka Gupta, A-2,Doctor’s Enclv,Gangawal Park, A-2,Doctor’s Enclv,Gangawal Park, Jaipur (LM01) Jaipur (LM01) (SIS Membership No. 64) (SIS Membership No. 64) Piyush Gupta, Piyush Gupta, 3349, Sector 21-D, 3349, Sector 21-D, Chandigarh Chandigarh Tel. 9872222623 Tel. 9872222623 (SIS LM No. 227) (SIS LM No. 227) Ms. Rama Gupta, Ms. Rama Gupta, M.B.A. M.B.A. 553, Dhanas, 553, Dhanas, Chandigarh Chandigarh Tel:91-172-2696993 Tel:91-172-2696993 (SIS Membership No. 65) (SIS Membership No. 65) Sapna Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Vidyarthi Prakashan, P.B.No.161, Vidyarthi Prakashan, P.B.No.161, Bhagat Singh Marg, Bhagat Singh Marg, Saharanpur-247001 (LM2001) Saharanpur-247001 (LM2001) Tel : 91-132-2726298 Tel : 91-132-2726298 (SIS Membership No. 66) (SIS Membership No. 66) 72 Membership Directory

S. C. Gupta, S. C. Gupta, Ph.D. Ph.D. 1/5, Balda Road Colony, Nishat Ganj, 1/5, Balda Road Colony, Nishat Ganj, Lucknow-226007 Lucknow-226007 F 1996) Tel.: 91-522-2780891 F 1996) Tel.: 91-522-2780891 E-Mail: sureshcguptaskg@yahoo.com E-Mail: sureshcguptaskg@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 67) (SIS Membership No. 67) Miss. Sarita Gupta Miss. Sarita Gupta, M.A. , M.A. D-54/18, Aurangabad, D-54/18, Aurangabad, Varanasi-221001 Varanasi-221001 Tel.: 91-542-2421488 (LM 96) Tel.: 91-542-2421488 (LM 96) (SIS Membership No. 68) (SIS Membership No. 68) Rajat Gupta Rajat Gupta J-143 Sakel, New Delhi-11017 J-143 Sakel, New Delhi-11017 Tel. 91-11-26855973, 9888138382 Tel. 91-11-26855973, 9888138382 (SIS LM No. 228) (SIS LM No. 228) Shivani Gupta Shivani Gupta

Flat No.11, Young Dwellers Society, Flat No.11, Young Dwellers Society, Sector 49, Sector 49, Chandigarh-160047 Chandigarh-160047 Email : shivanigupta_78@rediffmail.com Email : shivanigupta_78@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 69) (SIS Membership No. 69) Vishal Gupta Vishal Gupta

1297, Sector 15, 1297, Sector 15, Panchkula 134113 Panchkula 134113 Phone 91-172-2593999(H) Phone 91-172-2593999(H) Email mbavishal78@yahoo.com Email mbavishal78@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 70) (SIS Membership No. 70) Ms. Susmita Haldar, Ms. Susmita Haldar, Ph.D., Ph.D., F-1/4 Indra Lake Estate F-1/4 Indra Lake Estate Paikpara, Kolkata — 700002 Paikpara, Kolkata — 700002 Ph.: 91-033-25575910 Ph.: 91-033-25575910 (SIS Membership No. 235) (SIS Membership No. 235) Mohd. Saif Ul Haq Mohd. Saif Ul Haq D1165 Indra Nagar, D1165 Indra Nagar, Lucknow-226016 (India) Lucknow-226016 (India) Tel: 91-0527-2353896 (LM 2004) Tel: 91-0527-2353896 (LM 2004) Cell:9780467095 Cell:9780467095 Email: Email: m_saif_h@yahoo.com m_saif_h@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 71) (SIS Membership No. 71) Smita Hemrom, Smita Hemrom, M.Phil (M&SP), M.Phil (M&SP), C/O R. Hemrom, C/O R. Hemrom, At –Dela Toli, Tiril, Kokar, At –Dela Toli, Tiril, Kokar, Bariatu, Ranchi – 834009 Bariatu, Ranchi – 834009 Cell: 91-9431576989 Cell: 91-9431576989 (SIS Membership No.251) (SIS Membership No.251) Ishani, Ishani, Police Flat no.3,Sec 17, Police Flat no.3,Sec 17, Chandigarh-160017 Chandigarh-160017 Tel:91-172-2728706 Tel:91-172-2728706 (SIS LM No. 229) (SIS LM No. 229) Sudarshan Kumar Jagga Sudarshan Kumar Jagga 531/3, Shaheed Udham Singh Nagar, 1/3, Shaheed Udham Singh Nagar, Malout, Distt: Muktsar (Punjab) Malout, Distt: Muktsar (Punjab) Tel: 91-1637-264411(H), Tel: 91-1637-264411(H), Cell: 9815964429 (LM 2005) Cell: 9815964429 (LM 2005) (SIS Membership No. 72) (SIS Membership No. 72) Ms. Masroor Jahan, Ms. Masroor Jahan, Ph.D. Ph.D. Associatet Professor of Clin. Psychology Associatet Professor of Clin. Psychology RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 Cell:91-9835165223 Cell:91-9835165223 (LM and SIS FM No. 237) (LM and SIS FM No. 237) Ruchi Jain, Ruchi Jain, Ph.D. Ph.D. c/o Vidya Books Agency, c/o Vidya Books Agency, Bhagwan Mahavir Marg Bhagwan Mahavir Marg Baraut (Bagpat- 250611(India) Baraut (Bagpat- 250611(India) LM 2004 (SIS Membership No. 73) LM 2004 (SIS Membership No. 73) Shilpa Jain, Shilpa Jain, Ph.D. Ph.D. B-50, Vinoba Kunj, Plot No.9, Sector-9, Rohini B-50, Vinoba Kunj, Plot No.9, Sector-9, Rohini New Delhi-110085 New Delhi-110085 Tel: 91-11-30914703, 91-11-27569635 Tel: 91-11-30914703, 91-11-27569635 Email: shilpajain77@yahoo.co.in Email: shilpajain77@yahoo.co.in (LM 2006) (SIS Membership No. 261) (LM 2006) (SIS Membership No. 261) Sonal Jain Sonal Jain AE15, Tons Colony, Dak Pat AE15, Tons Colony, Dak Pat har, Dehradoon (India) (LM 2004) har, Dehradoon (India) (LM 2004) Tel: 91-1360-222128, Email: jnsonal@yahoo.cpm Tel: 91-1360-222128, Email: jnsonal@yahoo.cpm (SIS Membership No. 74) (SIS Membership No. 74) Mrs. Vandana Tara Janveja, Mrs. Vandana Tara Janveja, A-23, Nizamuddin East, A-23, Nizamuddin East, New Delhi- 110013 New Delhi- 110013 Mob:91-9810753858, 91-11-24352533 Mob:91-9810753858, 91-11-24352533 Email: Email: tara.artprinters@sify.com tara.artprinters@sify.com (LM 2006) (SIS LM No. 230) (LM 2006) (SIS LM No. 230) Anuradha Jatana, Anuradha Jatana, M.A. M.A. 118, Sector 8, Panchkula-134109 118, Sector 8, Panchkula-134109 (Haryana) (LM 2000) (Haryana) (LM 2000) Tel. : 91-172-2567187,Cell:9815067187 Tel. : 91-172-2567187,Cell:9815067187 E-Mail : E-Mail : ritzu999@yahoo.com ritzu999@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 75) (SIS Membership No. 75) Mukesh K. Jha, Mukesh K. Jha, M.A. M.A. Dept. of Yoga Psychology, Bihar Yoga Bharati, Dept. of Yoga Psychology, Bihar Yoga Bharati, Ganga Darshan, Munger - 811201, Bihar (India) Ganga Darshan, Munger - 811201, Bihar (India) Tel. : 91-6344-2222430 (W) (LM 97) Tel. : 91-6344-2222430 (W) (LM 97) (SIS Membership No. 76) (SIS Membership No. 76) M. R. Jhanwar, M. R. Jhanwar, DPM DPM Deva Institute of Mental Health,B-27/70, Deva Institute of Mental Health,B-27/70, Barhal Kothi,Durga Kund, Barhal Kothi,Durga Kund, Varanasi - 221 005. (India) Varanasi - 221 005. (India) (LM 94) Tel. : 91-542-22310670 (W) (LM 94) Tel. : 91-542-22310670 (W) (SIS Membership No. 77) (SIS Membership No. 77) Membership Directory 73

Lt. Col. T Lt. Col. T. Rajan John, . Rajan John, MD. MD. Classifi ed Specialist (Psychiatry) Classifi ed Specialist (Psychiatry) Command Hospital (WC) Command Hospital (WC) Chandi Mandir Cantt Dist Panchkula-134107 Chandi Mandir Cantt Dist Panchkula-134107 (Haryana)Tel: 91-172-2866574 (W) (LM 2000) (Haryana)Tel: 91-172-2866574 (W) (LM 2000) (SIS Membership No. 78) (SIS Membership No. 78) Marina Joseph, Marina Joseph,M.A. M.A. Francis House, Mission Quarters, Urakkam P.O., Francis House, Mission Quarters, Urakkam P.O., TRICHUR (Kerala) (LM 2004) TRICHUR (Kerala) (LM 2004) Email: Email: jmerina@hotmail.com jmerina@hotmail.com (LM 2004) (LM 2004) Tel: (0487) 2343944. Cell: 971 506964376. Tel: (0487) 2343944. Cell: 971 506964376. (SIS Membership No. 79) (SIS Membership No. 79) Hardeep Lal Joshi, Hardeep Lal Joshi,Ph.D. Ph.D. Lecturer, Dept. of Psychology Lecturer, Dept. of Psychology Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra - 136119 Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra - 136119 Email: drhardeep_joshi@yahoo.co.in Email: drhardeep_joshi@yahoo.co.in (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 80) (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 80)

Kabir Julka, Kabir Julka, M.B.A. M.B.A. Julka Cottage,Tank Road, Julka Cottage,Tank Road, Solan-173212(HP) Solan-173212(HP) Tel: 91-1792-2222048, 2222809 Tel: 91-1792-2222048, 2222809 E-Mail: kabirjulka@hotmail.com E-Mail: kabirjulka@hotmail.com (LM 2001) (SIS Membership No. 81) (LM 2001) (SIS Membership No. 81) Abhisekh Kalra, Abhisekh Kalra,M.B.A. M.B.A. WZ 410, C/8, Hari nagar, Clock Tower, WZ 410, C/8, Hari nagar, Clock Tower, New delhi-110064, Tel: 91-11-25496652 New delhi-110064, Tel: 91-11-25496652 Cell:91-9833633899 Cell:91-9833633899 Email id: abhishekkalra2003@yahoo.com Email id: abhishekkalra2003@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 262) (SIS Membership No. 262) Mrs. R. Kamala Mrs. R. Kamala 15 Amool Colony, Amool Dairy Road, 15 Amool Colony, Amool Dairy Road, Anand-388001 (Gujrat) (LM 2002) Anand-388001 (Gujrat) (LM 2002) (SIS Membership No. 82) (SIS Membership No. 82) Amrita Kanchan, Amrita Kanchan, M.Phil (M&SP) M.Phil (M&SP) 1/155 Nawabganj, 1/155 Nawabganj, Kanpur -208002 (U.P.) Kanpur -208002 (U.P.) Mob: 91-9234610083 Mob: 91-9234610083 E-mail:Amrita.kanchan@rediffmail.com E-mail:Amrita.kanchan@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 253) (SIS Membership No. 253) Payal Kapoor, Payal Kapoor, 96, Jillians Blvd, Snrith Rs Parsipang, 96, Jillians Blvd, Snrith Rs Parsipang, NJ 07054 Tel. 973-887-6317 NJ 07054 Tel. 973-887-6317 (SIS Membership No. 263) (SIS Membership No. 263) Mrs. Peony Kapoor, Mrs. Peony Kapoor, Consultant Psychologist, 2070, Frontier Drive, Consultant Psychologist, 2070, Frontier Drive, Oak Ville, Ontario, L6M 3V5 Oak Ville, Ontario, L6M 3V5 Email: Email: nkapoor@cogeco.ca nkapoor@cogeco.ca Tel: 001-905-469-4065(H)Cell:001-416-804-4065 Tel: 001-905-469-4065(H)Cell:001-416-804-4065 (SIS Membership No. 83) (SIS Membership No. 83) Maj. Sanjay Kaul, Maj. Sanjay Kaul, 477 Sector 7, Panchkula (India) 477 Sector 7, Panchkula (India) Tel. : 91-172-2561960 (H) Tel. : 91-172-2561960 (H) (LM 2000) (SIS Membershi (LM 2000) (SIS Membership No. 84) p No. 84) Deepak Kaushic Deepak Kaushic 41, Pocket11, Sector 5, Rohini, 41, Pocket11, Sector 5, Rohini, New Delhi 110085 Tel. 011-55196524 New Delhi 110085 Tel. 011-55196524 E-mail : E-mail : kaushikdeepak@hotmail.com kaushikdeepak@hotmail.com (SIS LM No. 231) (SIS LM No. 231) Preet Kanwal, Preet Kanwal, MBA, MBA, # 6, Village & P.O.Sansarpur, # 6, Village & P.O.Sansarpur, Jalandhar -144024 Jalandhar -144024 (LM03)Tel:91-181-2265627 (LM03)Tel:91-181-2265627 (SIS Membership No. 85) (SIS Membership No. 85) Bhupesh Kasyap

Bhupesh Kasyap

SDA Residential Complex, Block 62, SDA Residential Complex, Block 62, Set No. 943, New Shimla-171009 Set No. 943, New Shimla-171009 Phone : 91-177-2270155 Phone : 91-177-2270155 Email Bhupesh_Kashyap@Yahoo.Com Email Bhupesh_Kashyap@Yahoo.Com (SIS Membership No. 86) (SIS Membership No. 86) Ms. Harpreet Kaur, Ms. Harpreet Kaur, Ph.D. Ph.D. 11, Greenview Colony, Rajbaha Road, 11, Greenview Colony, Rajbaha Road, Patiala 147002 (Punjab) Patiala 147002 (Punjab) Email:harprit.kaur@yahoo.com, mob: 09815501369, Email:harprit.kaur@yahoo.com, mob: 09815501369, (LM 98) (LM 98) (SIS Membership No. 87) (SIS Membership No. 87) Jasleen Kaur Jasleen Kaur WZ 197, Gali No. 3, Virender Nagar, WZ 197, Gali No. 3, Virender Nagar, New Delhi-110058 (India) (LM 2004) New Delhi-110058 (India) (LM 2004) Tel: 91-11-25505284 Tel: 91-11-25505284 Email: Email: jasleenseera@rediffmail.com jasleenseera@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 88) (SIS Membership No. 88) Rajinder P. Kaur, Rajinder P. Kaur, Ph.D. Ph.D. 364,Sector -38A, Chandigarh-160037 (LM 98) 364,Sector -38A, Chandigarh-160037 (LM 98) (SIS Membership No. 89) (SIS Membership No. 89) Ravneet Kaur, Ravneet Kaur, MBA MBA # 5466, Sector 38 West, # 5466, Sector 38 West, Chandigarh-160014 (LM 03) Chandigarh-160014 (LM 03) (SIS Membership No. 90) (SIS Membership No. 90) Rupinder Kaur, Rupinder Kaur, MBA, MBA, 7, K.M.Colony, Bhiwani-127221 7, K.M.Colony, Bhiwani-127221 Tel:91-1664-2246434(LM2003) Tel:91-1664-2246434(LM2003) (SIS Membership No. 91) (SIS Membership No. 91) Kunal Kaushesh, Kunal Kaushesh, House No.401, GH 22, House No.401, GH 22, Manasa Devi Complex, Panchkula Manasa Devi Complex, Panchkula (SIS Membership No. 264) (SIS Membership No. 264) Nawab Akhtar Khan, Nawab Akhtar Khan, M.Phil. M.Phil. C/o A. H. Khan, Patratoli, P.O.: RVC C/o A. H. Khan, Patratoli, P.O.: RVC Kanke, Ranchi-834007 (Jharkhand) Kanke, Ranchi-834007 (Jharkhand) Mob: 91-9234892942 Mob: 91-9234892942 (SIS Membership No. 249) (SIS Membership No. 249) 74 Membership Directory

Anatoly Anatoly Khromov, Khromov, Ph.D. Ph.D. N6, Micr, VI apt. 163, Kurgan,Russia - 640023 N6, Micr, VI apt. 163, Kurgan,Russia - 640023 Tel. : 007-352-2-485740 (H) Tel. : 007-352-2-485740 (H) E-Mail : anatolykh@hotmail.com E-Mail : anatolykh@hotmail.com (SIS Membership No. 93) (SIS Membership No. 93) Mrs. Rohini Khullar Mrs. Rohini Khullar 22 A, Ring Road, Lajpat Nagar-IV, 22 A, Ring Road, Lajpat Nagar-IV, New Delhi - 110 024 (India) (LM 95) New Delhi - 110 024 (India) (LM 95) E-Mail: E-Mail: rohinik3@gmail.com rohinik3@gmail.com Cell: 91-9810626161 Cell: 91-9810626161 LM 95) (SIS Membership No. 94) LM 95) (SIS Membership No. 94) Mrs. Manisha Kiran, Mrs. Manisha Kiran, Ph.D. Ph.D. Assistant Professor of P.S.W. Assistant Professor of P.S.W. RINPAS, RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 (SIS Membership No. 241) (SIS Membership No. 241) Shalu John Koikara, Shalu John Koikara, S.H. L.D.(Psy(, M.D., S.H. L.D.(Psy(, M.D., Clinical Psychologist, Clinical Psychologist, Dept of Mental Health Care,OAC Clinic and Guidance Dept of Mental Health Care,OAC Clinic and Guidance center for Children, Holy Family Hospital, center for Children, Holy Family Hospital, Muthalakodam P.O.,Thodupazha-685605(Kerala) Muthalakodam P.O.,Thodupazha-685605(Kerala) Email: shakj2001@yahoo.com, Tel: 91-4862-227870, Email: shakj2001@yahoo.com, Tel: 91-4862-227870, (LM2004) (LM2004) (SIS Membership No. 95) Cell:9447522232 (SIS Membership No. 95) Cell:9447522232 Amit Kumar, Amit Kumar, MA MA S/o Sri Arun Kumar Singh S/o Sri Arun Kumar Singh At/PO: Sukurhutoo, Via-Kanke At/PO: Sukurhutoo, Via-Kanke Dist: Ranchi — 834006 (Jharkhand) Dist: Ranchi — 834006 (Jharkhand) Mob: 91-9835528311 Mob: 91-9835528311 (SIS Membership No. 308) (SIS Membership No. 308) Deepak Kumar, Deepak Kumar, Ph.D. Ph.D. 36 Arvind Puram-A,Sikandara, Agra (UP) 36 Arvind Puram-A,Sikandara, Agra (UP) (LM2004) Cell: 91-9414893206, (LM2004) Cell: 91-9414893206, Email: deepak.hypnotism@gmail.com Email: deepak.hypnotism@gmail.com (SIS Membership No. 97) (SIS Membership No. 97) Ganesh Kumar, Ganesh Kumar, F31 Raag Complex, Subhan Pura, F31 Raag Complex, Subhan Pura, Baroda-390023 Tel. 91-265-2281678 Baroda-390023 Tel. 91-265-2281678 (SIS (SIS Membership No. 265) Membership No. 265) Harmesh Kumar, Harmesh Kumar, Ph.D. Ph.D. President, Therapeutic Residential services,Inc, President, Therapeutic Residential services,Inc, 2075 pacheco Street, Concord, CA 94520 (USA) 2075 pacheco Street, Concord, CA 94520 (USA) Cell: 925-285-9881 Cell: 925-285-9881 Email: harmeshkumar@sbcglobal.net Email: harmeshkumar@sbcglobal.net (SIS Membership No. 318) (LM 2000) (SIS Membership No. 318) (LM 2000) Hridesh Kumar, Hridesh Kumar, Ashirvad Building, Sunny Side,Solan-173212 Ashirvad Building, Sunny Side,Solan-173212 (HP) Tel: 91-1792-2220233(H) (LM 2001) (HP) Tel: 91-1792-2220233(H) (LM 2001) (SIS Membership No. 98) (SIS Membership No. 98) Rakesh Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Ph.D. Ph.D. Sr. Cl. Psychologist, Institute of Mental Sr. Cl. Psychologist, Institute of Mental Health & Hospital,Agra-282002(India) Health & Hospital,Agra-282002(India) Cell: 91-9358311083 Tel. : 91-562-2602729(H) Cell: 91-9358311083 Tel. : 91-562-2602729(H) Email: mindpowerla Email: mindpowerlab@gmail.com b@gmail.com (SIS Membership No. 99) (LM 9 (SIS Membership No. 99) (LM 98) 8) Ranjan Kumar, Ranjan Kumar, MA MA S/o Er. R. P. Gupta, Smiriti Pravesh Kunj S/o Er. R. P. Gupta, Smiriti Pravesh Kunj New Area, 2nd Lane, New Area, 2nd Lane, Hazaribagh - 825301 (Jharkhand) Hazaribagh - 825301 (Jharkhand) Mob: 91-9835212873 Mob: 91-9835212873 E-mail: ranjan_counsellor@yahoo.com E-mail: ranjan_counsellor@yahoo.com ranjan_counsellor@rediffmail.com ranjan_counsellor@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 303) (SIS Membership No. 303) Ranjeet Kumar, Ranjeet Kumar, Ph.D.,M.M & S.P, Ph.D.,M.M & S.P, Assistant Professor Clinical psychology Assistant Professor Clinical psychology Gwalior Mental Hospital, Gwalior (M.P) Gwalior Mental Hospital, Gwalior (M.P) Cell: 91-9406586814 , Cell: 91-9406586814 , E-mail: ran_psy@yahoo.com E-mail: ran_psy@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 100) (LM 2003) (SIS Membership No. 100) (LM 2003) Vijay Kumar Vijay Kumar

Flat No. 306, G.H. 27, Sector 5, MDC, Flat No. 306, G.H. 27, Sector 5, MDC, Panchkula Ph.: 91-172-2557021 Panchkula Ph.: 91-172-2557021 E-mail vijay_306@hotmail.com E-mail vijay_306@hotmail.com (SIS Membership No. 101) (SIS Membership No. 101) Anjali Kumari, Anjali Kumari, M.Phil. M.Phil. C/o Dr. Jay Lal Mahto C/o Dr. Jay Lal Mahto Dept. of Plant Breeding & Genetics Dept. of Plant Breeding & Genetics Birsa Agriculture University, RVC, Kanke, Birsa Agriculture University, RVC, Kanke, Ranchi - 834 006 Ranchi - 834 006 E-mail : anjalikumari@yahoo.com E-mail : anjalikumari@yahoo.com Cell : 9835147454, Phone : 0651-3202533 Cell : 9835147454, Phone : 0651-3202533 (SIS Membership No. 243) (SIS Membership No. 243) Anju Kumari, Anju Kumari, M.Phil.(M.M.&S.P. M.Phil.(M.M.&S.P. C/o Omkar Nath C/o Omkar Nath Upper Cuitia, Beni Gali Upper Cuitia, Beni Gali Ranchi — 834001 (Jharkhand) Ranchi — 834001 (Jharkhand) Mob: 91-9334317911, 91-9431591030 Mob: 91-9334317911, 91-9431591030 (SIS Membership No. 255) (SIS Membership No. 255) Dolly Kumari, Dolly Kumari, M.Phil.(M.M.&S.P. M.Phil.(M.M.&S.P. C/o A. Sharma C/o A. Sharma Hesag, Near Donbaco School Hesag, Near Donbaco School Hatia, Ranchi — 834003 (Jharkhand) Hatia, Ranchi — 834003 (Jharkhand) Mob: 91-9931315272 Mob: 91-9931315272 (SIS Membership No. 256) (SIS Membership No. 256) Dr. A. S. Kundu Dr. A. S. Kundu Dy. Director General & Dy. Director General & Chief Social & Behavioral Research, Chief Social & Behavioral Research, ICMR, Ansari Nagar, ICMR, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi - 110 029 New Delhi - 110 029 Tel. : 91-11-22653980 (W) (F 94) Tel. : 91-11-22653980 (W) (F 94) E-mail: E-mail: azadskundu@hotmail.com azadskundu@hotmail.com (SIS Founder Mem.No. 4) (SIS Founder Mem.No. 4) Ravinder K. Labana, Ravinder K. Labana, M.B.A. M.B.A. 335, Sector-44A, Chandigarh-160044 335, Sector-44A, Chandigarh-160044 Tel:91-172-2665309 (LM 2003) Tel:91-172-2665309 (LM 2003) (SIS Membership No. 102) (SIS Membership No. 102) Membership Directory 75

Ramjee La Ramjee Lal,l, Ph.D. Ph.D. Dept. of Applied Psychology, Dept. of Applied Psychology, Purvanchal University, Jaunpur (U.P.) Purvanchal University, Jaunpur (U.P.) E-mail : drramjeelal@rediffmail.com E-mail : drramjeelal@rediffmail.com Mobile: 91-9415207100 Mobile: 91-9415207100 (LM 2003) (SIS Membership No. 103) (LM 2003) (SIS Membership No. 103) Manisha Lamba, Manisha Lamba, 620 Sector 49-A, Chandigarh-160047 620 Sector 49-A, Chandigarh-160047 Mob. 9872634876 Mob. 9872634876 E-mail : E-mail : manishalamba@hotmail.com manishalamba@hotmail.com (SIS Membership No. 266) (SIS Membership No. 266) Anu Singh Lather, Anu Singh Lather, Ph.D. Ph.D. Professor, University School of Mgt.Studies, Professor, University School of Mgt.Studies, G.G.S Indraprastha University, G.G.S Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi-110006 Kashmere Gate, Delhi-110006 Tel: 91-11-23866082, 91-9871433504 Tel: 91-11-23866082, 91-9871433504 Email: anusinghlather@yahoo.com Email: anusinghlather@yahoo.com (LM 2006) (SIS Membership No. 267) (LM 2006) (SIS Membership No. 267) Prithpal Kaur Lohat Prithpal Kaur Lohat V&P.O.-Thandia, Distt Nawanshahar (India) V&P.O.-Thandia, Distt Nawanshahar (India) (LM 2004) (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 104) (SIS Membership No. 104) Jagdip Singh Lotay, Jagdip Singh Lotay, 315, Field regiment, C/O 56APO(India)(LM99) 315, Field regiment, C/O 56APO(India)(LM99) (SIS Membership No. 105) (SIS Membership No. 105) Geeta Rani Magoo, Geeta Rani Magoo, Ph.D. Ph.D. 1/69,Alice Road, Mount Wavereley, 1/69,Alice Road, Mount Wavereley, 3149 Melbourne, Victoria(Australia) 3149 Melbourne, Victoria(Australia) Email:geetamagoo@yahoo.com, Email:geetamagoo@yahoo.com, Mobile:91-9812147284 Mobile:91-9812147284 (SIS LM No. 301) LM 2007 (SIS LM No. 301) LM 2007 Jyoti Mahajan Jyoti Mahajan 130, Phase XI, Mohali.Tel: 91-172-2231231, 130, Phase XI, Mohali.Tel: 91-172-2231231, E-Mail:jyotimahajan_80@hotmail.com E-Mail:jyotimahajan_80@hotmail.com (SIS Membership No. 106) (SIS Membership No. 106) Karan Mahajan Karan Mahajan 1048, Sector 27 B, Chandigarh-160019 (India) 1048, Sector 27 B, Chandigarh-160019 (India) Tel: 91-9815300454(LM 2004) Tel: 91-9815300454(LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 107) (SIS Membership No. 107) Mrinalini Mahajan Mrinalini Mahajan 1 Batala Rd, Vijay Nagar, 1 Batala Rd, Vijay Nagar, Mahajan Villla, AMRITSAR-143001, Mahajan Villla, AMRITSAR-143001, Tel. 0183-2271006 Tel. 0183-2271006 E-mail : E-mail : munmun_82@radiffmail.com munmun_82@radiffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 268) (SIS Membership No. 268) Vineet Mahajan Vineet Mahajan House No. 874/1, Sector 41-A, House No. 874/1, Sector 41-A, Chandigarh-160036 Chandigarh-160036 Tel: 91-172 Tel: 91-172-2627620, 9815149887 -2627620, 9815149887 (SIS Membership No.269) (SIS Membership No.269) Jashobanta Mahapatra, Jashobanta Mahapatra, Ph.D. Ph.D. Asst. Professor of Clinical Psychology Asst. Professor of Clinical Psychology Deptt. of Psychiatry, SCB Medical College Deptt. of Psychiatry, SCB Medical College Cuttack, Orissa - 753007 Cuttack, Orissa - 753007 (India) LM 2004 (India) LM 2004 Cell: 91-9437256903 Cell: 91-9437256903 Email:hypnoagra@yahoo.co.in Email:hypnoagra@yahoo.co.in (SIS Membership No. 108) (SIS Membership No. 108) Mr. Akash Kumar Mahto, Mr. Akash Kumar Mahto, Ph.D. Ph.D. C/o Mr. Gajadhar Mahto C/o Mr. Gajadhar Mahto At-Kapuria, PO- Bhelatand At-Kapuria, PO- Bhelatand Dist: Dhanbad — 828103 (Jharkhand) Dist: Dhanbad — 828103 (Jharkhand) Mob: 91-9431314809 Mob: 91-9431314809 (SIS Membership No. 236) (SIS Membership No. 236) Neha Majumdar

Neha Majumdar

SN 15/149, Gautam Budha Marg, SN 15/149, Gautam Budha Marg, Sarnath, Varanasi-221007 Sarnath, Varanasi-221007 Ph.: 91-542-2591366 (LM 03) Ph.: 91-542-2591366 (LM 03) (SIS Membership No. 109) (SIS Membership No. 109) Puneet Makkar Puneet Makkar 59, Nyaspuri, Karnal, (India) (LM 2001) 59, Nyaspuri, Karnal, (India) (LM 2001) Tel : 91-184-250888 Tel : 91-184-250888 (SIS Membership No. 110) (SIS Membership No. 110) Ankit Markan Ankit Markan E1-8, Sector-14, Panjab Univ campus, E1-8, Sector-14, Panjab Univ campus, Chandigarh-160014 Chandigarh-160014 (LM01) Tel:91-172-2778236 (LM01) Tel:91-172-2778236 (SIS Membership No. 111) (SIS Membership No. 111) Ms.Mamta Malhotra, Ms.Mamta Malhotra, 908, Gowshalla road, Harbans Pura, 908, Gowshalla road, Harbans Pura, Ludhiana-141004 Ludhiana-141004 Tel: 91-161-2702085(H) Tel: 91-161-2702085(H) (LM01) (SIS Membership No. 112) (LM01) (SIS Membership No. 112) Seema Malhotra, Seema Malhotra, Ph.D. Ph.D. Asst. Prof. in Clinical Psychology, Asst. Prof. in Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore-560029 (India) (LM 95) NIMHANS, Bangalore-560029 (India) (LM 95) E-mail: seema@nimhans.kar.nic.in E-mail: seema@nimhans.kar.nic.in (SIS Membership No. 113) (SIS Membership No. 113) Simran Malhotra, Simran Malhotra, 2228 Sector 21 C, Chandigarh 160022 2228 Sector 21 C, Chandigarh 160022 Tel. 0172-2700939 Tel. 0172-2700939 (SIS Membership No. 270) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 270) LM 2005 Subhanish Malhotra, Subhanish Malhotra, MBA MBA Manager, Human Resource Manager, Human Resource The Arvind Mills Limited The Arvind Mills Limited Naroda Road, Ahmedabad - 380025 Naroda Road, Ahmedabad - 380025 Cell : 09904243475, Phone : 079-22203030 Cell : 09904243475, Phone : 079-22203030 Extn. : 2338 Extn. : 2338 E-mail: E-mail:subhanish@gmail.com subhanish@gmail.com Email: Email: subhanish@yahoo.com subhanish@yahoo.com (LM 2006) (LM 2006) (SIS Membership No. 271) (SIS Membership No. 271) 76 Membership Directory

L. Sam S. Manickam, L. Sam S. Manickam, Ph.D. Ph.D. Professor in Clinical Psychology Professor in Clinical Psychology Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College & Hospital, JSS Medical College & Hospital, Ramanuja Road, Mysore 570004, India Ramanuja Road, Mysore 570004, India Email: Email:lssmanickam@gmail.com lssmanickam@gmail.com 91-9444492423 (SIS LM 114) 91-9444492423 (SIS LM 114) Namita Mehtani Namita Mehtani 404, Skati Apts, Sector-14, 404, Skati Apts, Sector-14, Panchkula-134109 (India) Panchkula-134109 (India) Tel: 91-172-2579012 (LM 2004) Tel: 91-172-2579012 (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 115) (SIS Membership No. 115) Vivek Mehndiratta Vivek Mehndiratta 5764-A, Sector-38West, 5764-A, Sector-38West, Chandigarh-160014 Chandigarh-160014 Tel: 91-172-2694989 (LM 2004) Tel: 91-172-2694989 (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 116) (SIS Membership No. 116) Navjot Singh Miglani, Navjot Singh Miglani, 462A Guru Teg Bhadur Nagar 462A Guru Teg Bhadur Nagar Jalandhar City Jalandhar City Ph.: 91-181-3111038 Ph.: 91-181-3111038 E-mail : E-mail : shelly2109@hotmail.com shelly2109@hotmail.com (LM2003) (SIS Membership No. 117) (LM2003) (SIS Membership No. 117) Lisa Milne, Lisa Milne, Ph.D. Ph.D. 266, Middleborough Road, Blackburn South, 266, Middleborough Road, Blackburn South, Victoria-3130(Australia) (LM-2001) Victoria-3130(Australia) (LM-2001) Email:lcmilne@netspace.net.au Email:lcmilne@netspace.net.au (SIS Membership No. 118) (SIS Membership No. 118) Abhisekh Mishra Abhisekh Mishra 60, Sector 7A, Chandigarh – 160007 60, Sector 7A, Chandigarh – 160007 Tel:91-172-2794945,2794810 Tel:91-172-2794945,2794810 Email id: abhishek_misra@hotmail.com Email id: abhishek_misra@hotmail.com (SIS Membership No. 273) (SIS Membership No. 273) Deepak Kumar Mishra Deepak Kumar Mishra W.N./H.N.-13/299, Ramgulam Tola Eastern W.N./H.N.-13/299, Ramgulam Tola Eastern Shastri Nagar, Dist: Deoria — 274001 (U.P.) Shastri Nagar, Dist: Deoria — 274001 (U.P.) Mob: 91-9905586321 Mob: 91-9905586321 E-mail: deepak2821@gmail.com E-mail: deepak2821@gmail.com (SIS Membership No. 302) (SIS Membership No. 302) Mridula Mishra, Mridula Mishra, Ph.D. Ph.D. Professor, Management Department, Professor, Management Department, LSB, Lovely Professional University, LSB, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144002 (Punjab) Phagwara-144002 (Punjab) Email: mridulabyb@yahoo.com Email: mridulabyb@yahoo.com Email:sismishra@rediffmail.com, Email:sismishra@rediffmail.com, (FM and SIS Founder Membership No. 5) (FM and SIS Founder Membership No. 5) Mrs. Nalini Mishra, Mrs. Nalini Mishra, Ph.D. Ph.D. Plot No. 196, Saket Nagar, Naria, Plot No. 196, Saket Nagar, Naria, Varanasi-220005 (India) Varanasi-220005 (India) Cell: 91-5415221900 Cell: 91-5415221900 Email: sisnalini@rediffmail.com Email: sisnalini@rediffmail.com (FM) (SIS Founder Membership No. 6) (FM) (SIS Founder Membership No. 6) Mrs. Nishi Misra, Mrs. Nishi Misra, M. Phil. M. Phil. Scientist ‘D’ 201, Nag Chaudhuri Hostel, Scientist ‘D’ 201, Nag Chaudhuri Hostel, DRDO Residential Complex, DRDO Residential Complex, Lucknow Raod,Timarpur, Lucknow Raod,Timarpur, Delhi-110054 (India) Delhi-110054 (India) Tel.: 91 Tel.: 91-11-23955058(H) Cell.: 9811128239 -11-23955058(H) Cell.: 9811128239 E-mail.: E-mail.: nishi201in@yahoo.com nishi201in@yahoo.com (LM 1995) (SIS Membership No. 119) (LM 1995) (SIS Membership No. 119) Praveen Mishra, Praveen Mishra, M.B.A. M.B.A. Asst Manager, Bharti Tele-Ventures Ltd. Asst Manager, Bharti Tele-Ventures Ltd. Infotel Offi ce, 224 Okhla Industrial Area, Phase III, Infotel Offi ce, 224 Okhla Industrial Area, Phase III, New Delhi - 110020 New Delhi - 110020 Tel:91 11 5161 4400, 91 11 5132 9596 (H) Tel:91 11 5161 4400, 91 11 5132 9596 (H) Cell : +91 98181 99487E Mail: Cell : +91 98181 99487E Mail: pravmis@gmail.com pravmis@gmail.com Pravmis@rediffmail.com Pravmis@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 120) (SIS Membership No. 120) P. K. Mishra, P. K. Mishra, Ph.D. Ph.D. Professor, Center for Advance Studies in Psychology, Professor, Center for Advance Studies in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751004 (India) Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751004 (India) Tel.:91-674-2583286(H) 2581739 (W) Tel.:91-674-2583286(H) 2581739 (W) (LM97) (SIS Membership No. 121) (LM97) (SIS Membership No. 121) Sarita Mishra, Sarita Mishra, Ph.D. Ph.D. 7/157,Swaroop Nagar, 7/157,Swaroop Nagar, Kanpur-208002 (LM 2001) Kanpur-208002 (LM 2001) Tel: 91-512-2552006 Tel: 91-512-2552006 (SIS membership No. 122) (SIS membership No. 122) Sunil Mittal, Sunil Mittal, M.D. M.D. Psychiatrist, Delhi Psychiatry Center, Psychiatrist, Delhi Psychiatry Center, 35 Defence Enclave, Vikas Nagar, 35 Defence Enclave, Vikas Nagar, Delhi-110 092 (LM95) Delhi-110 092 (LM95) Tel.: 91-11-2214726(W) 222767(H) Tel.: 91-11-2214726(W) 222767(H) (SIS Membership No. 123) (SIS Membership No. 123) Mrs. Reetinder Mohan, Mrs. Reetinder Mohan, Ph.D. Ph.D. 269, Sec. 16-A, Chandigarh - 160016 269, Sec. 16-A, Chandigarh - 160016 (LM 97) (SIS Membership No. 124) (LM 97) (SIS Membership No. 124) M. Mohandas, M. Mohandas, Ph.D. Ph.D. Avinaash, Cheruparambath Road, Avinaash, Cheruparambath Road, Kadavanthra P.O, Kochi-682020 Kadavanthra P.O, Kochi-682020 Tel: 91-484-2311011, Cell: 91-9847239916 Tel: 91-484-2311011, Cell: 91-9847239916 Email: mohanmdas@yahoo.com Email: mohanmdas@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No.259) (SIS Membership No.259) Anish Monga, Anish Monga, MBA MBA 428, Model Town,Phase-I, 428, Model Town,Phase-I, Bathinda-151001 (Punjab) Bathinda-151001 (Punjab) Tel: 91-164-2211333,(LM 2003) Tel: 91-164-2211333,(LM 2003) Email: Email: anishmonga@indiatimes.com anishmonga@indiatimes.com (SIS Membership No. 125) (SIS Membership No. 125) Ms. Anjana Mukhopadhyay, Ms. Anjana Mukhopadhyay, Ph.D. Ph.D. Dept. of Psychology, Women’s College, Dept. of Psychology, Women’s College, BHU, Varanasi - 221 005 (India) BHU, Varanasi - 221 005 (India) Tel.: 0542-2367482, Tel.: 0542-2367482, Email:anjanamukhopadhyay@yahoo.co.in Email:anjanamukhopadhyay@yahoo.co.in (F 94) (SIS Membership No. 126) (F 94) (SIS Membership No. 126) Membership Directory 77

Piyali M Piyali Mukherjee, ukherjee, Ph.D. Ph.D. C/o Mr. D. K. Mukherjee C/o Mr. D. K. Mukherjee 94, B.R. Ghosh Road, Kolkata - 700040 94, B.R. Ghosh Road, Kolkata - 700040 E-mail : mukherjee_piyali@yahoo.com E-mail : mukherjee_piyali@yahoo.com Phone : 033-24118963 Phone : 033-24118963 (SIS Membership No.244) LM 2006 (SIS Membership No.244) LM 2006 Rahul Nagpal Rahul Nagpal House No-668; Sector-8; House No-668; Sector-8; PanchkulaHaryana-134109 PanchkulaHaryana-134109 Tel:91-9814469203 Tel:91-9814469203 (SIS Membership No. 274) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 274) LM 2005 Subhanker Nath, Subhanker Nath, 173, Sector-11A, Chandigarh-160011 173, Sector-11A, Chandigarh-160011 Tel:91-172-2746878, Cell:91 9971666330, Tel:91-172-2746878, Cell:91 9971666330, Email: shubhankar_nath@yahoo.com Email: shubhankar_nath@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 275) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 275) LM 2005 Anshuman Nayak, Anshuman Nayak, MBA, MBA, Charigharia, P.O. Madhav Nagar, Charigharia, P.O. Madhav Nagar, Bhadrak-756181(Orissa) Bhadrak-756181(Orissa) Tel:91-6784-2240873 (LM03) Email:anshuman_nayak@ Tel:91-6784-2240873 (LM03) Email:anshuman_nayak@ indiatimes.com indiatimes.com (SIS Membership No. 127) (SIS Membership No. 127) Sanjay Kumar Nayak, Sanjay Kumar Nayak, M. A. M. A. At+Post : Chalkari Basti At+Post : Chalkari Basti Dist. : Bokaro, Jharkhand - 829114 Dist. : Bokaro, Jharkhand - 829114 (SIS Membership No. 320) (SIS Membership No. 320) Himanshu Nayar Himanshu Nayar B-107, Sector 30, Noida-201303, B-107, Sector 30, Noida-201303, Tel. 0120-2452739 Tel. 0120-2452739 E-mail : E-mail : nayyar_himanshu@yahoo.com nayyar_himanshu@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 276) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 276) LM 2005 Ms.Manisha Nayar Ms.Manisha Nayar 484, Sector-20A, Chandigarh-160020 484, Sector-20A, Chandigarh-160020 Tel:91-172-2708950 Tel:91-172-2708950 (LM2001)(SIS Membership No. 128) (LM2001)(SIS Membership No. 128) Vivek S. Natarajan, Vivek S. Natarajan, Ph.D. Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Marketing, Department of Management and Marketing, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas-77710 Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas-77710 Email: Email: vivek.natarajan@lamar.edu vivek.natarajan@lamar.edu Email: n Email: nvivekshankar@rediffmail.com vivekshankar@rediffmail.com Phone: 409-880-8643(W), Cell: 817-917-3727 Phone: 409-880-8643(W), Cell: 817-917-3727 (SIS Membership No. 277) (SIS Membership No. 277) Abhilasha Negi, Abhilasha Negi, HIG Cottage No 11, Lower Jakhoo, HIG Cottage No 11, Lower Jakhoo, Housing Board Colony, Shimla-171002 Housing Board Colony, Shimla-171002 Tel. 0177-2620938, E-mail Tel. 0177-2620938, E-mail abhinegi@yahoo.com abhinegi@yahoo.com Email id: abhnegi@yahoo.com Email id: abhnegi@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 278) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 278) LM 2005 Paola Nicolini, Paola Nicolini, MA MA Via Enrico Fermi 14, Lomagna (LC) 23871, Via Enrico Fermi 14, Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy (LM 99) Italy (LM 99) E-mail : pnicolini@skindeep.it E-mail : pnicolini@skindeep.it Email:paola.nicolini@libero.it Email:paola.nicolini@libero.it Telefax : 039-9220187 (W) Telefax : 039-9220187 (W) (SIS Membership No. 130) (SIS Membership No. 130) K. N. Ojha, K. N. Ojha, 1/21 1/213, First fl oor, 3, First fl oor, Vikas Nagar, Lucknow-226022 Vikas Nagar, Lucknow-226022 Phone: 0522-2769375 (R)09335235596 (M) Phone: 0522-2769375 (R)09335235596 (M) Email: knojha85@yahoo.co.in Email: knojha85@yahoo.co.in (LM 95) (SIS Membership No. 131) (LM 95) (SIS Membership No. 131) Ann M. O’Roark, Ann M. O’Roark, Ph.D. Ph.D. 866, Amelia Coart, NE St. Petersburg, 866, Amelia Coart, NE St. Petersburg, Fl 33702-2784(USA) Fl 33702-2784(USA) Cell: 727-492-5731, Tel/Fax:(727) 527-9863 Cell: 727-492-5731, Tel/Fax:(727) 527-9863 E-Mail: AnnMORoark@aol.com E-Mail: AnnMORoark@aol.com (M 98) (SIS Membership No. 132) (M 98) (SIS Membership No. 132) Yash Pal Yash Pal Village & PO- Keharwala, Dist- Sirsa (India) Village & PO- Keharwala, Dist- Sirsa (India) Tel: 91-1698-286204, 286205, Cell: 9416167312 Tel: 91-1698-286204, 286205, Cell: 9416167312 (SIS LM No. 133) (SIS LM No. 133) Ravinder S. Palia Ravinder S. Palia 609 Bristol Road west 609 Bristol Road west Mississauga. ON - L5R 3J6 (Canada) Mississauga. ON - L5R 3J6 (Canada) Tel: 905 890 6286(H)905 399 2012( cell Tel: 905 890 6286(H)905 399 2012( cell E-Mail : ravipalia@hotmail.com E-Mail : ravipalia@hotmail.com (SIS Life Membership No. 134) (SIS Life Membership No. 134) Rakesh Pandey, Rakesh Pandey, Ph.D. Ph.D. Reader, Deptt. of Psychology, Reader, Deptt. of Psychology, B.anaras Hindu University, B.anaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 (India) Varanasi-221005 (India)

Tel.: 91-542-2318246, Cell:9415812329, 2304723(W) Tel.: 91-542-2318246, Cell:9415812329, 2304723(W) E-Mail: rpan_in@yahoo.com E-Mail: rpan_in@yahoo.com (F 1996) (SIS Membership No. 135) (F 1996) (SIS Membership No. 135) Col. Vijay Pandey, Col. Vijay Pandey, M.D. M.D. Classifi ed Specialist (Psychiatry), Classifi ed Specialist (Psychiatry), Military hospital, Military hospital, Kirkee, Pune Kirkee, Pune (M 95) (SIS Membership No. 136) (M 95) (SIS Membership No. 136) Lt. Col. S. S. Panglia, Lt. Col. S. S. Panglia, M.D. M.D. Consultant Physician,1446, Phase-10, Consultant Physician,1446, Phase-10, SAS Nagar, Mohali Distt. Ropar (India) SAS Nagar, Mohali Distt. Ropar (India) Tel.: 91-172-2212536 Tel.: 91-172-2212536 (SIS Membership No. 137) (SIS Membership No. 137) Paul E. Panek, Paul E. Panek, Ph.D. Ph.D. Associate Dean, OSU Newark Campus, Associate Dean, OSU Newark Campus, 1179, Uni. Drive, Newark, 1179, Uni. Drive, Newark, Ohio-43055, USA. Ohio-43055, USA. Tel. : (614) 366-9315 Tel. : (614) 366-9315 E-Mail : panek.1@osu.edu E-Mail : panek.1@osu.edu (F 98 )(SIS Membership No. 138) (F 98 )(SIS Membership No. 138) 78 Membership Directory

Suresh Parekh Suresh Parekh Prof. Deptt. of Psychology MMG Mahila College, Prof. Deptt. of Psychology MMG Mahila College, Junagarh-362001, Gujrat (India) (LM 2000) Junagarh-362001, Gujrat (India) (LM 2000) (SIS Membership No. 139) (SIS Membership No. 139) Fr. Babu Payikkattu, Fr. Babu Payikkattu, MA MA Payikkattu-House, Chennalode-PO Payikkattu-House, Chennalode-PO Kalpett-Via, Wayanad-Dt, Kerala-673121 Kalpett-Via, Wayanad-Dt, Kerala-673121 Mob: 91-9905158767 Mob: 91-9905158767 E-mail: antobabuclpsy@rediffmail.com E-mail: antobabuclpsy@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 307) (SIS Membership No. 307) Edward M. Petrosky, Edward M. Petrosky, Ph.D. Ph.D. 1 Station Square, Room 102 1 Station Square, Room 102 Forest Hills, NY 11375 Forest Hills, NY 11375 Email:EPetrosky@iona.edu Email:EPetrosky@iona.edu (SIS Membership No. 279) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 279) LM 2005 Marisa Porreca, Marisa Porreca, Ph.D. Ph.D. Professor of Psychology Via Valsesia 8, 20152, Professor of Psychology Via Valsesia 8, 20152, Milano (Italy)(LM 99) Tel. : 024531624 Milano (Italy)(LM 99) Tel. : 024531624 (SIS Membership No. 140) (SIS Membership No. 140) Anil Prasad Anil Prasad 1691, Sector-4, Panchkula 1691, Sector-4, Panchkula Tel: 91-172-4638811 Tel: 91-172-4638811 Email id: anilprasad19@yahoo.com Email id: anilprasad19@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 280) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 280) LM 2005 Divya Prasad, Divya Prasad, M.Phil. M.Phil. Research Offi cer Research Offi cer RINPAS, Kanke, RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 Ranchi – 834006 (SIS Membership No. 248) (SIS Membership No. 248) Sheetala Prasad, Sheetala Prasad, Ph.D. Ph.D. Lecturer in Psy., Ewing Christian College, Lecturer in Psy., Ewing Christian College, Allahabad-211008 Allahabad-211008 Mob.: 9415216779, Tel.: 91-532-2413645 (W) (F 95) Mob.: 9415216779, Tel.: 91-532-2413645 (W) (F 95) (SIS Membership No. 141) (SIS Membership No. 141) Sourabh Prasad Sourabh Prasad GF-1, Flat No 41 Golmuri Flats, GF-1, Flat No 41 Golmuri Flats, Jamshedpur 831003 (Jarkhand) Jamshedpur 831003 (Jarkhand) (SIS Membership No. 281) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 281) LM 2005 Jai Prakash, Jai Prakash, Ph.D. Ph.D. Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 Cell:91-9934582290, Cell:91-9934582290, Email:drjaiprakashrinpas@rediffmail.com Email:drjaiprakashrinpas@rediffmail.com (LM & FM No.151) (LM & FM No.151) Richa Priyamvada, Richa Priyamvada, M.Phil (M.& S.P.) M.Phil (M.& S.P.) C/o Mr. Bipin Kumar Sinha, C/o Mr. Bipin Kumar Sinha, Q.No. 1581, Sector - 12/A, Q.No. 1581, Sector - 12/A, Bokaro Steel City — 827 012 (Jharkhand) Bokaro Steel City — 827 012 (Jharkhand) Cell : 91-9835066228 Cell : 91-9835066228 E-mail : richaprivambada@rediffmail.com E-mail : richaprivambada@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 252) (SIS Membership No. 252) Vikram S. Pujara Vikram S. Pujara Opposite Mohal Rest House, Opposite Mohal Rest House, Distt. Kullu-175125 (H.P). Distt. Kullu-175125 (H.P). Email Vickyshashni@rediffmail.com Email Vickyshashni@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 142) (SIS Membership No. 142) Nandhini Rajgopalan Nandhini Rajgopalan “ASWINI”, No. 10, 6th street, “ASWINI”, No. 10, 6th street, Karumari Amman Nagar, Vijay Nagar, Karumari Amman Nagar, Vijay Nagar, Velachery, Chennai-600042 Velachery, Chennai-600042 E-mail : nandhini15@rediffmail.com E-mail : nandhini15@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 282) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 282) LM 2005 Dalbir Kaur Randhawa, Dalbir Kaur Randhawa, DM&SP, DM&SP, 3214 Firhill Dr., Abbotsford, BC, V2T 5L4 3214 Firhill Dr., Abbotsford, BC, V2T 5L4 (Canada) Tel.: 604-504-3562 (H) (L.M.97) (Canada) Tel.: 604-504-3562 (H) (L.M.97) E-mail : rdalbir@hotmail.com E-mail : rdalbir@hotmail.com E-mail gdrandhawa@rediffmail.com E-mail gdrandhawa@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 144) (SIS Membership No. 144) Bhavana Ranjan Bhavana Ranjan House No. 1415 Sector 39-B, Chandigarh-160036 House No. 1415 Sector 39-B, Chandigarh-160036 Tel:91-172-2699208 Tel:91-172-2699208 (SIS Membership No. 283) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 283) LM 2005 Jay Kumar Ranjan, Jay Kumar Ranjan, M.Phil (M&SP) M.Phil (M&SP) C/o Prof. Nagendra Prasad C/o Prof. Nagendra Prasad At — Kusum Vihar, East Morhabadi, At — Kusum Vihar, East Morhabadi, Ranchi — 834 008 Ranchi — 834 008 Cell : 91-9304153083 Cell : 91-9304153083 E-mail : jay_kr_ranjan@yahoo.co.in E-mail : jay_kr_ranjan@yahoo.co.in (SIS Membership No.257) (SIS Membership No.257) Varun Rao, Varun Rao, MBA MBA 302 Sector-16A, 302 Sector-16A, Chandigarh-160016 Chandigarh-160016 Mob:9815671000, 0172-2773123(H) Mob:9815671000, 0172-2773123(H) (LM 2003)(SIS Membership No. 145) (LM 2003)(SIS Membership No. 145) S.P. Rathee, S.P. Rathee, Ph.D Ph.D Dept. of Psychiatry, Command Hospital Dept. of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (WC), Chandi Mandir Cantt -134 107 (WC), Chandi Mandir Cantt -134 107 Tel: 91-172-2866574 (W) 2550080(H), 9876422259 Tel: 91-172-2866574 (W) 2550080(H), 9876422259 (LM 94)(SIS Membership No. 146) (LM 94)(SIS Membership No. 146) Stefano Reschini Stefano Reschini Via Anna Frank No.11/C, 20040 Usmate, Via Anna Frank No.11/C, 20040 Usmate, Usmate Velate, MI-Italy Tel.39+39-672092(W) Usmate Velate, MI-Italy Tel.39+39-672092(W) E-mail : E-mail : resco@lombardiacom.it resco@lombardiacom.it (LM 2002)(SIS Membership No. 147) (LM 2002)(SIS Membership No. 147) Tushar Roy Tushar Roy 3077, Sector-44D, Chandigarh-160047 3077, Sector-44D, Chandigarh-160047 Tel 91-172-2660733 Tel 91-172-2660733 (LM2001) (SIS Membership No. 149) (LM2001) (SIS Membership No. 149) Ayesha Sagar Ayesha Sagar 619 Sector-8, Panchkula 134109 (Haryana) 619 Sector-8, Panchkula 134109 (Haryana) Tel:91-172-2560259 Tel:91-172-2560259 (SIS Membership No. 284) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 284) LM 2005 Membership Directory 79

Savina, Savina, MBA, MBA, 20, Type-5, Power Colony, Kurali Road, 20, Type-5, Power Colony, Kurali Road, Roopnagar-140001 Roopnagar-140001 Tel:91-1881-2225250(LM03) Tel:91-1881-2225250(LM03) (SIS Membership No. 150) (SIS Membership No. 150) Gaurav Sangwan, Gaurav Sangwan, MBA MBA 18 KM Colony, Bhiwani-127021 18 KM Colony, Bhiwani-127021 E-mail : g_sangwan@hotmail.com

E-mail : g_sangwan@hotmail.com

(SIS Membership No. 151) (SIS Membership No. 151) Ratnabha Saha, Ratnabha Saha, M.B.A. M.B.A. 3/28,Central Avenue, 3/28,Central Avenue, A-zone, Durgapur-713204 (WB) A-zone, Durgapur-713204 (WB) Tel: 91-343-2568953 Tel: 91-343-2568953 (SIS Membership No. 285) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 285) LM 2005 M. Sahay, M. Sahay, Ph.D., Ph.D., 95, Doctors Apts, 4, Vasundhara Enclave, 95, Doctors Apts, 4, Vasundhara Enclave, Delhi - 110096 (FM 92) Delhi - 110096 (FM 92) Tel. : 91-11-22632807, 9811 545 145. 22621789 Tel. : 91-11-22632807, 9811 545 145. 22621789 Email:manoranjansahay@hotmail.com Email:manoranjansahay@hotmail.com E-Mail : dr_m_sahay@hotmail.com E-Mail : dr_m_sahay@hotmail.com (SIS Founder Membership No. 14) (SIS Founder Membership No. 14) Brig. D. Saldanha, Brig. D. Saldanha, M.D. M.D. Commandant Commandant 92 Base Hospital, C/O 56 APO 92 Base Hospital, C/O 56 APO E-Mail : d_saldanha21@yahoo.co.in E-Mail : d_saldanha21@yahoo.co.in (F1994) (SIS Membership No. 152) (F1994) (SIS Membership No. 152) Lt. Col. Sudhir Kumar Salujha, Lt. Col. Sudhir Kumar Salujha, M.D. M.D. Military hospital, Jalandhar Military hospital, Jalandhar (LM-01) (SIS Membership No. 153) (LM-01) (SIS Membership No. 153) Mrs. Amandeep K. Sandhu, Mrs. Amandeep K. Sandhu, MPMIR MPMIR Tej Form, Manimajra, Chandigarh-160101 Tej Form, Manimajra, Chandigarh-160101 Tel. : 91-172-2740991 (H) 2782135 (LM98) Tel. : 91-172-2740991 (H) 2782135 (LM98) (SIS Membership No. 154) (SIS Membership No. 154) Binod K. Sao, Binod K. Sao, M.B.A. M.B.A. 302, Padmrao Nagar, 302, Padmrao Nagar, Secunderabad-500061 (India) Secunderabad-500061 (India) Email:binod.kumar@mafoi.com, Email:binod.kumar@mafoi.com, Mobile: 91-9885127668 Mobile: 91-9885127668 (SIS Membership No. 155) LM 2004 (SIS Membership No. 155) LM 2004 George Savage, George Savage, M.Sc. M.Sc. Consultant Clinical Psychologist, “Deo gratias” Consultant Clinical Psychologist, “Deo gratias” 37 Victoria Road, Retreat 7945, 37 Victoria Road, Retreat 7945, South Africa South Africa Telefax. : (27) 21-712-1281 (H) FM 95) Telefax. : (27) 21-712-1281 (H) FM 95) E-Mail : E-Mail : gsav@worldonline.co.za gsav@worldonline.co.za (SIS Membership No. 156) (SIS Membership No. 156) K. S. Sengar, K. S. Sengar, Ph.D. Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 Cell; 91-9431769001 Cell; 91-9431769001 Email: kssengar2007@rediffmail.com Email: kssengar2007@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 2 (SIS Membership No. 238)LM 2006 38)LM 2006 Shashi Sethi, hashi Sethi, Ph.D., Ph.D., ISHH Guidance and Counselling Center ISHH Guidance and Counselling Center 723 ,Sector -7 723 ,Sector -7 Panchkula -134109 (Haryana). Panchkula -134109 (Haryana). Email: dr_ssethi_723@hotmail.com Email: dr_ssethi_723@hotmail.com (SIS Membership No. 157) (SIS Membership No. 157) Dhrub Sharma, Dhrub Sharma, Panch Pallav Mytheestal, Upper Kailtheu, Panch Pallav Mytheestal, Upper Kailtheu, Shimla-170003 Shimla-170003 Tel. 9872547696 Tel. 9872547696 (SIS Membership No. 286) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 286) LM 2005 Geetika Sharma Geetika Sharma 2182,Sector 45C, 2182,Sector 45C, Chandigarh-160047 (India) Chandigarh-160047 (India) Tel: 91-98815832650 (LM 2004) Tel: 91-98815832650 (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 158) (SIS Membership No. 158) Harish K. Sharma, Harish K. Sharma, M.Phil. M.Phil. Lecturer in Psychology,SBS (M) College, Lecturer in Psychology,SBS (M) College, Kotkapura, Punjab (India) Kotkapura, Punjab (India) (LM 97) (SIS Membership No. 159) (LM 97) (SIS Membership No. 159) Hemant K. Sharma, Hemant K. Sharma, Ph. D. Ph. D. Hemant Mansion, Near Haveli Barkat Sahib, Hemant Mansion, Near Haveli Barkat Sahib, Nai Sarak, Jodhpur -342001 (India) Nai Sarak, Jodhpur -342001 (India) Tel.: 91-291-2540088 (H) Tel.: 91-291-2540088 (H) (LM 96) (SIS Membership No. 160) (LM 96) (SIS Membership No. 160) M. G. Sharma, M. G. Sharma, Ph.D. Ph.D. Directort, S.I. Mental & Physical Health Society, Directort, S.I. Mental & Physical Health Society, C-33/204 -1B-1, Chandua Chhittupur, C-33/204 -1B-1, Chandua Chhittupur, Varanasi-221002, Varanasi-221002, Cell:91-9415448519 Cell:91-9415448519 Email: gopal.simphs@gmail.com Email: gopal.simphs@gmail.com (SIS Membership No. 232) (LM 2006) (SIS Membership No. 232) (LM 2006) Narendra K. Sharma, Narendra K. Sharma, Ph.D. Ph.D. Prof. of Psychology, Dept. of Humanities, IIT Prof. of Psychology, Dept. of Humanities, IIT P.O.-IIT, Kanpur-208016 P.O.-IIT, Kanpur-208016 Tel: 91-512-2591773 Tel: 91-512-2591773 E-Mail : nksharma@iitk.ac.in E-Mail : nksharma@iitk.ac.in (LM 98) (SIS Membership No. 161) (LM 98) (SIS Membership No. 161) Neha Sharma Neha Sharma

526, Sector 10-D, 526, Sector 10-D, Chandigarh-160011(LM 2004) Chandigarh-160011(LM 2004) Ph. 91-172-2742555 Ph. 91-172-2742555 Email Nehasharma@Nikmates.Com Email Nehasharma@Nikmates.Com (SIS Membership No. 162) (SIS Membership No. 162) Neha Sharma Neha Sharma 1057,Sector 44B, 1057,Sector 44B, Chandigarh-160047 (India) Chandigarh-160047 (India) Tel: 91-172-2664269 Tel: 91-172-2664269 (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 163) (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 163) 80 Membership Directory

Pallavi Sh Pallavi Sharma arma B-8/24,Hospital Road, Sujanpur, B-8/24,Hospital Road, Sujanpur, Tehsil Pathankot, Tehsil Pathankot, Distt-Gurdaspur-145023 (India) Distt-Gurdaspur-145023 (India) Tel: 91-9417470168, 91-186-2244402(H) Tel: 91-9417470168, 91-186-2244402(H) (LM 2004)(SIS Membership No. 164) (LM 2004)(SIS Membership No. 164) Swarit Sharma, Swarit Sharma, MBA, MBA, 161, Sector-16, Chandigarh-160016(LM 04) 161, Sector-16, Chandigarh-160016(LM 04) Tel: 0172-2542668(H) Tel: 0172-2542668(H) (SIS Membership No. 165) (SIS Membership No. 165) Vibha Sharma, Vibha Sharma, MBA MBA 207, Vasant Vihar, Kasumpti, 207, Vasant Vihar, Kasumpti, Shimla-171009 (LM 2003) Ph. 91-177-2221548 (H) Shimla-171009 (LM 2003) Ph. 91-177-2221548 (H) Email: vibsharma@hotmail.com Email: vibsharma@hotmail.com (SIS Membership No. 166) (SIS Membership No. 166) Vinod Kumar Sharma, Vinod Kumar Sharma, Lecturer, Dept. of Psychology, Lecturer, Dept. of Psychology, S.P. College, Dumka S.P. College, Dumka (SKM University) Dumka, Jharkhand (SKM University) Dumka, Jharkhand (SIS LM - 315) (SIS LM - 315) Radhe Shyam, Radhe Shyam, Ph.D. Ph.D. Proffesor, Dept. of Psychology, Proffesor, Dept. of Psychology, M.D.University, Rohtak- 124001(India) M.D.University, Rohtak- 124001(India) Cell:91-9416312480, Tel: 91-126-2266661 (H) Cell:91-9416312480, Tel: 91-126-2266661 (H) (SIS Membership No. 258) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 258) LM 2005 Abhay Sidhu, Abhay Sidhu, MBA MBA PO Box: 564, Bribie Island, PO Box: 564, Bribie Island, QLD 4507, (Australia) QLD 4507, (Australia) Email: Email: sidhuabhay@bigpond.com sidhuabhay@bigpond.com Tel.: 91-172-2742105, 2743917 Tel.: 91-172-2742105, 2743917 (SIS Membership No. 167) (SIS Membership No. 167) Agyajit Singh, Agyajit Singh, Ph.D. Ph.D. 136, Civil Lines, Patiala. (LM 97) 136, Civil Lines, Patiala. (LM 97) (SIS Membership No. 168) (SIS Membership No. 168) Amitinder Singh, Amitinder Singh, MBA, MBA, 401, Sector-37A, Chandigarh-160036 401, Sector-37A, Chandigarh-160036 Tel:91-172-2692755(LM2003) Tel:91-172-2692755(LM2003) (SIS Membership No. 169) (SIS Membership No. 169) Amool Ranjan Singh, Amool Ranjan Singh, Ph.D., Ph.D., Professor & Head, Dept. of Clinical Psychology, Professor & Head, Dept. of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS, Kanke,Ranchi-834006, (India) RINPAS, Kanke,Ranchi-834006, (India) (F 95) Telefax: 91-651-2451121(W), (F 95) Telefax: 91-651-2451121(W), 2450813(W) 2233687(H) 2450813(W) 2233687(H) Mobile:91-9431592734 Mobile:91-9431592734 Email: sisamool@yahoo.com Email: sisamool@yahoo.com (SIS FM No. 170) LM 1996 (SIS FM No. 170) LM 1996 Mrs. Archana Singh, Mrs. Archana Singh, Ph.D. Ph.D. Psychiatric Social Worker, Psychiatric Social Worker, Deptt. of P.S.W., RINPAS Deptt. of P.S.W., RINPAS Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 Kanke, Ranchi – 834006 Cell: 91-9934521695 Cell: 91-9934521695 (SIS FM No.233) LM 2005 (SIS FM No.233) LM 2005 Dhar Dharmendra Kumar Singh mendra Kumar Singh S/o Prof. Ram Chandra Singh S/o Prof. Ram Chandra Singh (Dept. of Psychology) (Dept. of Psychology) Ayodhyapuri, Club Road Ayodhyapuri, Club Road Arrah - 802301 (Bihar) Arrah - 802301 (Bihar) Phone : 06182-232427 Phone : 06182-232427 Email: dharmendra-07@rediffmail.com Email: dharmendra-07@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No.242) LM 2006 (SIS Membership No.242) LM 2006 Lt. Col. Gurpinder Singh Lt. Col. Gurpinder Singh 1098, Sector 8-C, Chandigarh (India) 1098, Sector 8-C, Chandigarh (India) Tel. : 2547825 (W) (LM 2000) Tel. : 2547825 (W) (LM 2000) (SIS Membership No. 172) (SIS Membership No. 172) Gurpreet Singh Gurpreet Singh 6,Sector 33 A, Chandigarh-160020 (India) 6,Sector 33 A, Chandigarh-160020 (India) Tel: 91-9815410115 (LM 2004) Tel: 91-9815410115 (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 173) (SIS Membership No. 173) Hardeep Singh, Hardeep Singh, MBA,

MBA,

Amloh Road,Shanti Nagar, Near Petrol Pump, Amloh Road,Shanti Nagar, Near Petrol Pump, Mandi Gobind Garh-147301 Ph.91-1765-2542303 Mandi Gobind Garh-147301 Ph.91-1765-2542303 (SIS Membership No. 174) (SIS Membership No. 174) Hardeep Singh Hardeep Singh 35-A, Shastri Colony, Ambala Cantt,-133001 35-A, Shastri Colony, Ambala Cantt,-133001 Tel. 0171-2611225 Tel. 0171-2611225 (SIS Membership No. 287) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 287) LM 2005 Harminder Singh Harminder Singh 192 Ph. 3B1, SAS Nagar 160059 192 Ph. 3B1, SAS Nagar 160059 Tel. 9888222372 , E-mail : Tel. 9888222372 , E-mail : harminder_ubs@yahoo.com harminder_ubs@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 288 LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 288 LM 2005 Harminder Singh Harminder Singh

3360, 35-D, Chandigarh. 3360, 35-D, Chandigarh. Ph. 91-172-2601393 Ph. 91-172-2601393 E-mail: harry3360@yahoo.com E-mail: harry3360@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 175) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 175) LM 2005 Jasmeet Singh Jasmeet Singh 2156 Phase-10, Mohali-160059 2156 Phase-10, Mohali-160059 Mob. 9815251000 Mob. 9815251000 E-mail : E-mail : jassarora_in@yahoo.com jassarora_in@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 289 LM 2005) (SIS Membership No. 289 LM 2005) Kavindra Singh Kavindra Singh C/o. Mr. N.S. Tolia SDO C/o. Mr. N.S. Tolia SDO State Elec. Dept. Didihat, State Elec. Dept. Didihat, Distt Pithoragarh-262551 (Uttaranchal) Distt Pithoragarh-262551 (Uttaranchal) Tel:05964-232283 Tel:05964-232283 (SIS Membership No. 290) (LM 2005) (SIS Membership No. 290) (LM 2005) Lok Nath Singh, Lok Nath Singh, Ph.D. Ph.D. Professor,Deptt. of Psychology, Professor,Deptt. of Psychology, M.G Kashi Vidya Peeth, M.G Kashi Vidya Peeth, Varanasi-221002(UP) Varanasi-221002(UP) (LM 2004) (SIS (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 176) Membership No. 176) Membership Directory 81

M. P. Singh, . P. Singh, Ph.D. Ph.D. 1329, Sec. 70, Guru Teg Bahadur Complex, 1329, Sec. 70, Guru Teg Bahadur Complex, Mohali, Mohali, Tel. : 91-1675-20583 (W)91-172-2223658 (H) Tel. : 91-1675-20583 (W)91-172-2223658 (H) Email: dr_mpsingh@rediffmail.com Email: dr_mpsingh@rediffmail.com (F 95) (SIS Membership No. 177) (F 95) (SIS Membership No. 177) Navneet Singh, Navneet Singh, MBA MBA S-20/6, DLF, Phase-3, S-20/6, DLF, Phase-3, Gurgaon-122002 Gurgaon-122002 (LM 95)Tel: 91-124-2387544 (H), 9810058444 (LM 95)Tel: 91-124-2387544 (H), 9810058444 E-Mail : E-Mail : navnit.singh@hsbcam.com navnit.singh@hsbcam.com (SIS Membership No. 178) LM 1997 (SIS Membership No. 178) LM 1997 Neetu Singh, Neetu Singh, MBA MBA 909, Sector-21D, Faridabad-121003 909, Sector-21D, Faridabad-121003 Tel:91-129-25422170(LM2003) Tel:91-129-25422170(LM2003) (SIS Membership No. 179) LM 2004 (SIS Membership No. 179) LM 2004 P. K. Singh, P. K. Singh, Ph.D. Ph.D. Lecturer of Yoga & Philosophy Lecturer of Yoga & Philosophy Deptt. of Clinical Psychology Deptt. of Clinical Psychology RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi — 834006 RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi — 834006 Cell : 91-9430194744 Cell : 91-9430194744 (SIS Membership No. 239) LM 2006 (SIS Membership No. 239) LM 2006 Col. Rajinder Singh. Col. Rajinder Singh. M.D. M.D. Consultant Psychiatrist, 1734, Sec. 33-D, Consultant Psychiatrist, 1734, Sec. 33-D, Chandigarh-160 047 (India) Chandigarh-160 047 (India) Tel. : 91-172-2600694 (H) Tel. : 91-172-2600694 (H) (LM 96) (SIS Membership No. 180) (LM 96) (SIS Membership No. 180) Col. Rajinder Singh Col. Rajinder Singh Management Consultant,1526, Sector 34-D, Management Consultant,1526, Sector 34-D, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, Tel. : 91-172-601398 (H) Mob.: 9815728220 Tel. : 91-172-601398 (H) Mob.: 9815728220 (F 98) (SIS Membership No. 181) (F 98) (SIS Membership No. 181) R. P. Singh, R. P. Singh, Ph.D. Ph.D. Reader, Deptt. of Psychology, Reader, Deptt. of Psychology, M.G Kashi Vidya Peeth, M.G Kashi Vidya Peeth, Varanasi-221002(UP) Varanasi-221002(UP) (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 182) (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 182) Rajendra Singh, Rajendra Singh, Ph.D. Ph.D. Lecturer, Deptt. of Psychology, Lecturer, Deptt. of Psychology, M.G Kashi Vidya Peeth, M.G Kashi Vidya Peeth, Varanasi-221002(UP) Varanasi-221002(UP) (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 183) (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 183) Ravinderjit Singh Ravinderjit Singh 108,Sector 18-A, 108,Sector 18-A, Chandigarh-160018 (India) Chandigarh-160018 (India) Tel: 91-9815500108 Tel: 91-9815500108 (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 184) (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 184) Ripudaman Singh Ripudaman Singh 17, Ward No. 24, Mohalla Mata Rani, 17, Ward No. 24, Mohalla Mata Rani, Khanna-141401 Khanna-141401 Tel. 91-1628-231165 Tel. 91-1628-231165 (SIS Membership No. 291)(M 2005) (SIS Membership No. 291)(M 2005) R. K. Singh, R. K. Singh, Ph.D. Ph.D. Lecturer cum counsellor, Lecturer cum counsellor, DISHA Deaddiction Centre, DISHA Deaddiction Centre, Beur Jail, Patna. Beur Jail, Patna. SIS LM- 313 SIS LM- 313 S. K. Singh, S. K. Singh, Ph.D. Ph.D. Lecturer,Department of Psychology, Lecturer,Department of Psychology, MBS PG College, Gangapur, MBS PG College, Gangapur, Varanasi (UP) Varanasi (UP) SIS LM- 314 SIS LM- 314 Simral Singh Simral Singh 2939, Phase-7, 2939, Phase-7, Mohali-160062 Mohali-160062 Mob. 9815604640 Mob. 9815604640 (SIS Membership No. 292) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 292) LM 2005 Surpreet Singh Surpreet Singh 28 Shanti Nagar, 28 Shanti Nagar, Ludhiana-141002 Ludhiana-141002 Tel. 0161-2404389 Tel. 0161-2404389 E-mail : E-mail : sunnybhatia_22@yahoo.co.in sunnybhatia_22@yahoo.co.in (SIS Membership No. 293) LM 2005 (SIS Membership No. 293) LM 2005 Surinder Suman Surinder Suman (Mgr. Pers) (Mgr. Pers) 1574/1, Sector 30B, Chandigarh (India) 1574/1, Sector 30B, Chandigarh (India) Tel: 91-172-2657254 (LM 2004) Tel: 91-172-2657254 (LM 2004) Cell:91-9920360934 Cell:91-9920360934 Email:surinder_suman@yahoo.co.in Email:surinder_suman@yahoo.co.in Email: surinder_suman@rediffmail.com Email: surinder_suman@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 185) (SIS Membership No. 185) Col. Surinder Singh Col. Surinder Singh Col.G.S HQ,KK & G Sub Area, Col.G.S HQ,KK & G Sub Area, Cubbon Road, Bangalore-560001 Cubbon Road, Bangalore-560001 Tel: 91-80-25006202 Tel: 91-80-25006202 (SIS Membership No. 186) (LM 99) (SIS Membership No. 186) (LM 99) Umardeep Singh Umardeep Singh 6078, Modern Housing Complex, 6078, Modern Housing Complex, Manimajra, Chandigarh-160005 Manimajra, Chandigarh-160005 Tel. 0172-2738956 Tel. 0172-2738956 (SIS Membership No. 294) (LM 2005) (SIS Membership No. 294) (LM 2005) Umed Singh, Umed Singh, Ph.D. Ph.D. Reader Department of Psychology, Reader Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra University, D-78, University Campus, D-78, University Campus, Kurukshetra -136119. Kurukshetra -136119. Email:umedsingh_78@yahoo.com Email:umedsingh_78@yahoo.com Ph.:91-1744-238267 (H)Cll:9416511077 Ph.:91-1744-238267 (H)Cll:9416511077 (SIS FM No. 295) (LM 2005) (SIS FM No. 295) (LM 2005) Virender Singh Virender Singh Vill. & P.O. Bir Banga, Vill. & P.O. Bir Banga, Distt. Kaithal, Haryana (India) Distt. Kaithal, Haryana (India) (SIS Membership No. 187) (LM 98) (SIS Membership No. 187) (LM 98) 82 Membership Directory

Ramachandra Srinivasaiah, amachandra Srinivasaiah, Ph.D. Ph.D. 292, 2nd Main, 3rd Phase, J.P. Nagar, 292, 2nd Main, 3rd Phase, J.P. Nagar, Bangalore-560 078 Bangalore-560 078 Tel. : 91-80-26584267 Tel. : 91-80-26584267 E-Mail: E-Mail: ramayess@yahoo.com ramayess@yahoo.com (LM94)(SIS Membership No. 143) (LM94)(SIS Membership No. 143) Mr.Pankaj K. Shrirange, Mr.Pankaj K. Shrirange, MBA MBA Bharkapara, Ward 25, Rajnand Gaon, Bharkapara, Ward 25, Rajnand Gaon, (Chattisgarh, India ) (Chattisgarh, India ) Tel: 91-7744-2222005, Tel: 91-7744-2222005, (SIS Membership No. 188) (SIS Membership No. 188) Ajai K. Srivastava, Ajai K. Srivastava, Ph.D. Ph.D. Psychiatric Social Scientist, Psychiatric Social Scientist, Institute of Mental Health & Hospital, Institute of Mental Health & Hospital, Agra-282002 Agra-282002 Tel. : 91-562-3091601(H) Mobile:9319195000 Tel. : 91-562-3091601(H) Mobile:9319195000 Email: Email: drajaik@gmail.com drajaik@gmail.com (SIS Membership No. 189) (LM 2002) (SIS Membership No. 189) (LM 2002) Kranti K. Srivastava Kranti K. Srivastava Prasad Psycho Corporation, Prasad Psycho Corporation, J. 1/58, Daranagar, Varanasi-221001 J. 1/58, Daranagar, Varanasi-221001 E-mail : E-mail : prasadpsycho@yahoo.com prasadpsycho@yahoo.com Phone:-+91 11 30903349 Phone:-+91 11 30903349 Mobile: +91 9810782203 Mobile: +91 9810782203 (SIS Membership No. 190) (SIS Membership No. 190) Kalpana Srivastava, Kalpana Srivastava, M.Phil., Ph.D. M.Phil., Ph.D. Scientist ‘E’ Deptt. of Psychiatry, Scientist ‘E’ Deptt. of Psychiatry, Armed Force Medical College, Armed Force Medical College, Pune-411040 (India) Pune-411040 (India) (LM 2000) (SIS Membership No. 191) (LM 2000) (SIS Membership No. 191) Purnima Srivastava, Purnima Srivastava, Ph.D. Ph.D. MM-22, VDA Colony, Central Jail Road, Shivpur, MM-22, VDA Colony, Central Jail Road, Shivpur, Varanasi-221002(India) Varanasi-221002(India) (LM 2004) Cell: 9415389407 (LM 2004) Cell: 9415389407 (SIS Membership No. 192) (SIS Membership No. 192) Rakesh Kumar Srivastava

Rakesh Kumar Srivastava

5/5, Railway Colony, Sewa Nagar, 5/5, Railway Colony, Sewa Nagar, New Delhi-110003 New Delhi-110003 Cell:9815616908 Cell:9815616908 +6594892153 Singapur +6594892153 Singapur Email:rinku555@rediffmail.com Email:rinku555@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 193) (SIS Membership No. 193) Sowmya K. Sukumaran, Sowmya K. Sukumaran, M.Phil. M.Phil. C/o K. K. Sukumaran, Kalarikkal House, C/o K. K. Sukumaran, Kalarikkal House, Ollukkara - P. O., Trichur — Dist., ( Kerala) Ollukkara - P. O., Trichur — Dist., ( Kerala) Tel : 0487-2373155, Cell — 91-9835343054 Tel : 0487-2373155, Cell — 91-9835343054 E-mail — sowsmmsp@yahoo.co.in E-mail — sowsmmsp@yahoo.co.in (SIS Membership No. 246) (SIS Membership No. 246) Bharat Suri Bharat Suri 35 Sector 6, Panchkula-134109 35 Sector 6, Panchkula-134109 Tel. 9815042250, Tel. 9815042250, E-mail : E-mail : bharat35suri@hotmail.com bharat35suri@hotmail.com (SIS Membership No. 296) (SIS Membership No. 296) (LM 2005) (LM 2005) Rahul Suri, Rahul Suri, S.D/ 509, Pitampura, Tower Apartments, S.D/ 509, Pitampura, Tower Apartments, New Delhi- 110034 New Delhi- 110034 (SIS Membership No. 297) (LM 2005) (SIS Membership No. 297) (LM 2005) Swati

Swati

B 28/812, Punjab Mota Nagar, B 28/812, Punjab Mota Nagar, Pakhowal Road , Pakhowal Road , Ludhiana Phone 2561673, Ludhiana Phone 2561673, Email Email Swatz_13@rediffmail.com Swatz_13@rediffmail.com (LM 2003)(SIS Membership No. 194) (LM 2003)(SIS Membership No. 194) Aditendra Takshak Aditendra Takshak 2, Canal Colony,Circular Road, Rohtak 2, Canal Colony,Circular Road, Rohtak E-Mail: E-Mail: addy_takshak@yahoo.com addy_takshak@yahoo.com (LM01) (SIS Membership No. 195) (LM01) (SIS Membership No. 195) Gurav Tandon, Gurav Tandon, 354/1, New Tajore Nagar, Haibowal, 354/1, New Tajore Nagar, Haibowal, Ludhiana-141001 Ludhiana-141001 Tel. 0161-2470835 Tel. 0161-2470835 (SIS Membership No. 298) (LM 2005) (SIS Membership No. 298) (LM 2005) Mrs. Vandana Janveja Tara, M.Phil. Mrs. Vandana Janveja Tara, M.Phil. Clinical Psychologist, A 23,Nizamuddin (East) Clinical Psychologist, A 23,Nizamuddin (East) New Delhi-110013 New Delhi-110013 (SIS Membership No. 299) (LM 2006) (SIS Membership No. 299) (LM 2006) Rubey Rashmi Tigga, Rubey Rashmi Tigga, M.A. M.A. Catholic Ashram, PO — Bhurkunda Catholic Ashram, PO — Bhurkunda Dist. — Ramgarh, Jharkhand Dist. — Ramgarh, Jharkhand Cell : 91-9334655409 Cell : 91-9334655409 E-mail : honeyrubyrashmi@yahoo.com E-mail : honeyrubyrashmi@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 304) (SIS Membership No. 304) Lalti Tirkey Lalti Tirkey Vill : Chauri Basti Vill : Chauri Basti P.O.+P.S. - Kanke, Ranchi - 834 006 P.O.+P.S. - Kanke, Ranchi - 834 006 Jharkhand, Cell : 09334286206 Jharkhand, Cell : 09334286206 (SIS Membership No. 245) (SIS Membership No. 245) Ajay Tiwari, Ajay Tiwari, Ph.D. Ph.D. Director, Nai Subah Councelling center, Director, Nai Subah Councelling center, Jawahar Bhavan, Sankat Mochan (Turn), Jawahar Bhavan, Sankat Mochan (Turn), Lanka Area, Varanasi-221005 Lanka Area, Varanasi-221005 Email: Email: drajaytiwari_vns@yahoo.com drajaytiwari_vns@yahoo.com Cell: 91-9415302922 (LM 2008, SIS LM 316) Cell: 91-9415302922 (LM 2008, SIS LM 316) Pragya Tiwari, Pragya Tiwari, MBA MBA 4406 Forest Road, 4406 Forest Road, Anchorage, Alaska - 99517 (USA) Anchorage, Alaska - 99517 (USA) Cell: (907) 250-7860 Cell: (907) 250-7860 E-Mail: purva.dubey@gmail.com E-Mail: purva.dubey@gmail.com (SIS Membership No. 317) (SIS Membership No. 317) Ailo Uhinki, Ailo Uhinki, Ps.D., Ed.I., Ps.D., Ed.I., Psykologitoimisto, Synteesi, Psykologitoimisto, Synteesi, Linnankatu-37a A 9, Linnankatu-37a A 9, Fin-20100 Turku, Finland Fin-20100 Turku, Finland Tel.: +358-(0)2-232 2001 Tel.: +358-(0)2-232 2001 Fax : +358-(0)2-232 5007 Fax : +358-(0)2-232 5007 E-Mail : E-Mail : a.uhinki@synteesi.inet.fi a.uhinki@synteesi.inet.fi (LM 98) (SIS Membership No. 196) (LM 98) (SIS Membership No. 196) Membership Directory 83

Sam Sambhu Upadhyay, bhu Upadhyay, Ph.D., Ph.D., Reader, Dept. of Psy. Reader, Dept. of Psy. M.G. Kashi Vidya Peeth, M.G. Kashi Vidya Peeth, Varanasi-221002 (LM 203) Varanasi-221002 (LM 203) Tel. 91-542-2315991(H) Tel. 91-542-2315991(H) (SIS Membership No. 197) (SIS Membership No. 197) K. C. Vashistha, K. C. Vashistha, Ph.D. Ph.D. Reader, Faculty of Education, Reader, Faculty of Education, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra (India) Agra (India) Tel. 91-542-2315991(H) Tel. 91-542-2315991(H) (LM 2006) (SIS Membership No. 265) (LM 2006) (SIS Membership No. 265) Rohita Vikash, Rohita Vikash, M.Phil. M.Phil. C/o Dr. Geeta Sharma C/o Dr. Geeta Sharma Gitanjali Juhu Park, Opp — Holy Cross Gitanjali Juhu Park, Opp — Holy Cross Hazaribagh — 825301 Hazaribagh — 825301 Cell : 91-9835512394 Cell : 91-9835512394 E-Mail : rohitavikas@yahoo.com E-Mail : rohitavikas@yahoo.com (SIS Membership No. 247) (SIS Membership No. 247) Acharya Vinay Vinekar Acharya Vinay Vinekar Institute of Universal Consciousness, Institute of Universal Consciousness, 21, Milton Street, Cooke Town, 21, Milton Street, Cooke Town, Bangalore - 560005 (India) Bangalore - 560005 (India) Tel. 91-80-25472603 (W),2 5548348 (H) Tel. 91-80-25472603 (W),2 5548348 (H) E-Mail:gurujivinay@hotmail.com E-Mail:gurujivinay@hotmail.com (LM 2000) (SIS Membership No. 198) (LM 2000) (SIS Membership No. 198) A. N. Verma, A. N. Verma, Ph.D. Ph.D. Associate Professor of P.S.W. Associate Professor of P.S.W. RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi — 834006 RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi — 834006 Cell : 91-9430378133 Cell : 91-9430378133 E-mail : anverma2003@yahoo.co.in E-mail : anverma2003@yahoo.co.in (SIS LM - 240) (SIS LM - 240) Brijesh Pratap Verma Brijesh Pratap Verma

2/270, Vivek Khand –II, Gomti Nagar, 2/270, Vivek Khand –II, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow-226010 Lucknow-226010 Phone 0522-2397523, Phone 0522-2397523, Email Email brijverma3@rediffmail.com brijverma3@rediffmail.com (SIS Membership No. 199) (SIS Membership No. 199) S. K. Verma, S. K. Verma, Ph.D. Ph.D. 5522, Modern Housing Complex Manimajra, 5522, Modern Housing Complex Manimajra, Chandigarh-160001 Chandigarh-160001 Tel.: 91-172-2730993 (H) Tel.: 91-172-2730993 (H) (SIS Founder Membership No. 7) (SIS Founder Membership No. 7) Pravina Vimal Pravina Vimal Pravina Villa,Bhudram Colony,Near Civil Line, Pravina Villa,Bhudram Colony,Near Civil Line, Hoshiarpur. (Punjab) Hoshiarpur. (Punjab) Tel.: 91-1882-2244154 Mob.: 9117180473 Tel.: 91-1882-2244154 Mob.: 9117180473 (SIS Membership No. 200) (SIS Membership No. 200) Nikhil Vohra, Nikhil Vohra, MBA

MBA

649, Sector 8, Panchkula-134109 649, Sector 8, Panchkula-134109 Ph.91-172-2563334, Ph.91-172-2563334, (SIS Membership No. 201) (SIS Membership No. 201) Sanjay Vohra, Sanjay Vohra, MA. MA. Psy-Com Services, Psy-Com Services, B-4, 80/2, Safadurjung Enclave, B-4, 80/2, Safadurjung Enclave, New Delhi-110029 (India) New Delhi-110029 (India) Tel.: 91-11-26106433 Fax : 91-11-26175191 Tel.: 91-11-26106433 Fax : 91-11-26175191 (LM 95) (SIS Membership No. 202) (LM 95) (SIS Membership No. 202) Ashima Nehra Wadhawan, Ashima Nehra Wadhawan, Ph.D. Ph.D. Asst. Prof. Clin. Psychology, Cardiothorasic and Asst. Prof. Clin. Psychology, Cardiothorasic and Neurosciences Center, A.I.I.M.S., Neurosciences Center, A.I.I.M.S., New Delhi-110029 New Delhi-110029 Tel. : 91-11-25597173 Cell:91-9810882765 (LM 96) Tel. : 91-11-25597173 Cell:91-9810882765 (LM 96) Email;ashimanehra@gmail.com Email;ashimanehra@gmail.com (SIS Membership No. 129) (SIS Membership No. 129) Nitin Wadehra Nitin Wadehra 134, sector-18A, Chandigarh-160018 134, sector-18A, Chandigarh-160018 Tel:91-172-2543638 Tel:91-172-2543638 (SIS Membership No. 300) (LM 2005) (SIS Membership No. 300) (LM 2005) Mala Walia Mala Walia

#1011, Sector 43-B, Chandigarh. #1011, Sector 43-B, Chandigarh. Ph. 91-171-2601011 Ph. 91-171-2601011 (SIS Membership No. 203) (SIS Membership No. 203) V.N. Yadav, V.N. Yadav, Ph.D. Ph.D. House No. 1195/24, Jagdish Colony, House No. 1195/24, Jagdish Colony, Rohtak-124001(India) Rohtak-124001(India) Tel: 91-1664-2248404(H) Tel: 91-1664-2248404(H) (SIS Membership No. 204) (SIS Membership No. 204) Vika Vikas Kumar Yadav s Kumar Yadav I-76, Hindalco Colony, Renukoot, I-76, Hindalco Colony, Renukoot, Sonbdadra-231217(India) Sonbdadra-231217(India) Tel: 91-546-2253905 Tel: 91-546-2253905 (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 205) (LM 2004) (SIS Membership No. 205) N. Kumar Yaduvanshi, N. Kumar Yaduvanshi, DPM. DPM. CMO (SG) Mental Health Care Center, CMO (SG) Mental Health Care Center, SS Bn. ITB Police Force, Camp Saboli, SS Bn. ITB Police Force, Camp Saboli, P.O. Nathupur, Via Rai, P.O. Nathupur, Via Rai, Distt. Sonipat-131029 (India) Distt. Sonipat-131029 (India) (LM 98) (SIS Membership No.206) (LM 98) (SIS Membership No.206) S. Yuvraj, S. Yuvraj, Ph.D. Ph.D. Asstt. Prof. in Psychology 12, NITIE Qrts., Asstt. Prof. in Psychology 12, NITIE Qrts., NITIE, Vihar Lake,Bombay-400087 NITIE, Vihar Lake,Bombay-400087 Tel.: 91-22-2857337 Mob.: 9820568670 Tel.: 91-22-2857337 Mob.: 9820568670 E-Mail: E-Mail: Prog@nitie.ernet.in Prog@nitie.ernet.in E-mail : yuvraj@faculty.nitie.edu E-mail : yuvraj@faculty.nitie.edu (LM 99) (SIS (LM 99) (SIS FM No. 207) FM No. 207) 84 Membership Directory

Libraries: A: Foreign: Libraries: A: Foreign: Learning Resource Center (Library),

Learning Resource Center (Library),

The Ohio State University at Newark, The Ohio State University at Newark, Founders Hall,University Drive, Founders Hall,University Drive, Newark, OH 43055 (USA) (M 01) Newark, OH 43055 (USA) (M 01) (SIS Library Membership No. 1) (SIS Library Membership No. 1) Psyc INFO Psyc INFO American Psychological Association, American Psychological Association, P.O.Box 91600, Washington, P.O.Box 91600, Washington, Washington DC 20090-1600(USA) Washington DC 20090-1600(USA) Tel:(202) 336-5682 , Fax (202) 336-5630 Tel:(202) 336-5682 , Fax (202) 336-5630 E-Mail:psycinfo@apa.org

E-Mail:psycinfo@apa.org

SAARL Universitaets, SAARL Universitaets, U-Landesbibliothek, Zeitschriftenstelle, U-Landesbibliothek, Zeitschriftenstelle, AM Stadtwald, AM Stadtwald, D-66123, SAARBRUECKEN, D-66123, SAARBRUECKEN, Germany (M-1994-2001) Germany (M-1994-2001) (SIS Library Membership No. 2) (SIS Library Membership No. 2) EBSCO subscription Services, EBSCO subscription Services, Magzine division, Post Offi ce Box- 1943 Magzine division, Post Offi ce Box- 1943 Birmingham, AL 35201-1943 (USA) Birmingham, AL 35201-1943 (USA) (Subscribe for SAARL Germany) (Subscribe for SAARL Germany) Tel.: 1-800-633-6088 Fax.: (205)991-1479 Tel.: 1-800-633-6088 Fax.: (205)991-1479 Do NOT SEND JOURNAL (Subs. Libra.No 2 ) Do NOT SEND JOURNAL (Subs. Libra.No 2 ) Libraries: B: India: Libraries: B: India: Commandant, Commandant, Command Hospital (WC), Command Hospital (WC), Chandimandir-134107 (Haryana) Chandimandir-134107 (Haryana) (LM 97) (SIS Library Membership No. 3) (LM 97) (SIS Library Membership No. 3) Director Director Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Mathura Road, Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Mathura Road, Agra - 282002 (India) Agra - 282002 (India) Tel:91-562-2603691-93 Tel:91-562-2603691-93 Email:imhh@sancharnet.in Email:imhh@sancharnet.in (M 98-2001)(SIS Library Membership No. 4) (M 98-2001)(SIS Library Membership No. 4) Director Director Ranchi Institute of Neuro Psychiatry Ranchi Institute of Neuro Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Kanke, and Allied Sciences, Kanke, Ranchi-834006 (India) Ranchi-834006 (India) (M99) Tel.: 91-651-223776,2455813 (M99) Tel.: 91-651-223776,2455813 (SIS Library Membership No. 5) (SIS Library Membership No. 5) Librarian Librarian C.H.Mohd. Koya University Library, C.H.Mohd. Koya University Library, Calicut University, P.O.Calicut University, Calicut University, P.O.Calicut University, Distt: Mallapuram-673635 (Kerala) Distt: Mallapuram-673635 (Kerala) (M202)(SIS Library Membership No. 6) (M202)(SIS Library Membership No. 6)

Librarian Librarian Bhaikaka Library, S.P. University, Bhaikaka Library, S.P. University, Distt. Kheda-388120, Gujarat, (India) Distt. Kheda-388120, Gujarat, (India) (M 99)(SIS Library Membership No. 7) (M 99)(SIS Library Membership No. 7) LiLibrarian, brarian, Univerity of Calicut, Univerity of Calicut, Calicut Univerity Post Offi ce, Calicut Univerity Post Offi ce, Calicut-673635 (Kerala) Calicut-673635 (Kerala) (SIS Library Membership No. 37)

(SIS Library Membership No. 37)

Librarian, Librarian, Bhavnagar University Library, Bhavnagar University Library, University Campus, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, University Campus, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavanagar - 364002 (India) Bhavanagar - 364002 (India) Tel:91-278-2562928 (M 98) Tel:91-278-2562928 (M 98) (SIS Library Membership No. 8) (SIS Library Membership No. 8)

Librarian Librarian Center for Entrepreneur Development M.P. Center for Entrepreneur Development M.P. 60, Jail Road, Jehangirabad, 60, Jail Road, Jehangirabad, Bhopal - 462008 (India) Bhopal - 462008 (India) Tel/Fax : 2766437 (W) Tel/Fax : 2766437 (W) (LM 94) (SIS Library Membership No.9) (LM 94) (SIS Library Membership No.9) Librarian Librarian Central Library, J.N. Vyas University, Central Library, J.N. Vyas University, New Campus, Bhagat Ki Kothi, New Campus, Bhagat Ki Kothi, Jodhpur-342001(India) Jodhpur-342001(India) (M 2001) (SIS Library Membership No. 10) (M 2001) (SIS Library Membership No. 10) Librarian Librarian H.P. University, Summer Hill, H.P. University, Summer Hill, Shimla (India) Shimla (India) (M 98) (SIS Library Membership No. 12) (M 98) (SIS Library Membership No. 12) Librarian, Librarian, Mysore University Library,University of Mysore, Mysore University Library,University of Mysore, Manas Gangotri, Manas Gangotri, Mmysore-570006 Mmysore-570006 (SIS Library Membership No. 13) (SIS Library Membership No. 13) Librarian Librarian Saurashtra University Library, Saurashtra University Library, University Campus, Kalawad Road, University Campus, Kalawad Road, Rajkot–360005 Rajkot–360005 Tel: 91-281-2278501to 2278512 Tel: 91-281-2278501to 2278512 (SIS Library Membership No. 14) (SIS Library Membership No. 14)

Librarian Librarian Technical Library & Documentation, Technical Library & Documentation, IFFCO, Aonla Unit, PO. IFFCO Township, IFFCO, Aonla Unit, PO. IFFCO Township, Bareilly-243403 (India) Bareilly-243403 (India) (M 97)(SIS Library Membership No. 15) (M 97)(SIS Library Membership No. 15) Sri. R. Ravichandran Sri. R. Ravichandran Senior Librarian, Technical Teachers Training Institute, Senior Librarian, Technical Teachers Training Institute, Taramani P.O. Taramani P.O. Chennai-600113 Chennai-600113 Tel.:91-44-22541054,22542959, Tel.:91-44-22541054,22542959, E-mail : E-mail : ritsouth@giasmd01.vsnl.net.in ritsouth@giasmd01.vsnl.net.in (SIS Library Membership No. 16) (SIS Library Membership No. 16) Membership Directory 85

Librarian ibrarian Shibli National College, Shibli National College, Azamgarh (UP) Azamgarh (UP) Ph.: 05463-222840 Ph.: 05463-222840 (SIS Membership No.11) (SIS Membership No.11) Librarian Librarian University Business School, Panjab University, University Business School, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, (India) Chandigarh-160014, (India) (M 98) (SIS Library Membership No. 17) (M 98) (SIS Library Membership No. 17)

Librarian In Charge, Librarian In Charge, Vivekanand Central Library, Vivekanand Central Library, VBS Purvanchal University, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222001 Jaunpur-222001 Email:vclpu@yahoo.co.in, Vidyutel@ yahoo.co.in, Email:vclpu@yahoo.co.in, Vidyutel@ yahoo.co.in, (SIS Library Membership No. 18) (SIS Library Membership No. 18) Magzine World Magzine World Station Road, Near Gopal Talkies, Station Road, Near Gopal Talkies, Anand-388001 Anand-388001 Email : achal@icenet.net Email : achal@icenet.net (Supplying to SP Univ Kheda)

(Supplying to SP Univ Kheda)

Principal Principal DAV College for girls, Jagadhari Road, DAV College for girls, Jagadhari Road, Yamuna Nagar-135001 (India) Yamuna Nagar-135001 (India) Tel:91-171-23728152,23724674 Tel:91-171-23728152,23724674 (SIS Library Membership No. 21) (SIS Library Membership No. 21) Principal Principal DAV College, DAV College, Sector — 10 Sector — 10 Chandigarh — 160011 Chandigarh — 160011 (SIS Library Membership No. 45) (SIS Library Membership No. 45) Principal Principal Desh Bhagat College, Dhuri, Desh Bhagat College, Dhuri, Distt. Sangrur (India) Distt. Sangrur (India) Tel. : 91-1675-2265027 (LM 2000) Tel. : 91-1675-2265027 (LM 2000) (LM :SIS Library Membership No. 22) (LM :SIS Library Membership No. 22) Principal Principal Dhirendra Mahila Maha Vidyala, Dhirendra Mahila Maha Vidyala, Karmajeet Pur, Sunder Pur, Karmajeet Pur, Sunder Pur, Varanasi-221005 Varanasi-221005 Tel.: 91-542-2575787 (M 2003) Tel.: 91-542-2575787 (M 2003) (SIS Library Membership No. 23) (SIS Library Membership No. 23) Principal Principal Government Bikram College of Commerce, Government Bikram College of Commerce, Patiala (Punjab) Patiala (Punjab) (M 2001)(SIS Library Membership No. 24) (M 2001)(SIS Library Membership No. 24) Principal Principal Government Man Kunwar Bai Arts & Government Man Kunwar Bai Arts & Com. Women’s College, Com. Women’s College, Jabalpur (M.P.) Jabalpur (M.P.) (M 2002) (SIS Library Membership No. 25) (M 2002) (SIS Library Membership No. 25) Principal Principal Govt. P. G. College Govt. P. G. College Bhiwani — 127021 (Haryana) Bhiwani — 127021 (Haryana) (SIS Library Membership No. 44) (SIS Library Membership No. 44) Principal Principal Lakshmibai Natioanal College of Physical Education Lakshmibai Natioanal College of Physical Education P.B.No. 3, Kariavattom, P.B.No. 3, Kariavattom, Thiruvanathapuram-695 581 Thiruvanathapuram-695 581 Tel.: 91-471-2418712 Fax : 2418769 Tel.: 91-471-2418712 Fax : 2418769 E-mail : E-mail : lncpe@csnl.com lncpe@csnl.com

(SIS Membership No.33) (SIS Membership No.33) Principle Principle K.S. Saket Post Graduate College, Ayodhyaya, K.S. Saket Post Graduate College, Ayodhyaya, Faizabad-224001 (India) Faizabad-224001 (India) Tel:91-5278-2232305 Tel:91-5278-2232305 (M 2000) (SIS Library Membership No. 26) (M 2000) (SIS Library Membership No. 26) Principal, Principal, Matushri Virbaima Mahila Arts College, Matushri Virbaima Mahila Arts College, Kalawad Road, Mahila Chowk, Kalawad Road, Mahila Chowk, Rajkor-360001(Gujrat) Rajkor-360001(Gujrat) Ph.: 91-281-2451603 (W) 2479257 (H) Ph.: 91-281-2451603 (W) 2479257 (H) (SIS Library Membership No. 27) (SIS Library Membership No. 27) Princial Princial Rajaury Library, P.N. College, Rajaury Library, P.N. College, Khurda - 752057 (Orissa), (India) Khurda - 752057 (Orissa), (India) (M 2000)(SIS Library Membership No. 28) (M 2000)(SIS Library Membership No. 28) Principal Principal SBAS, Khalsa College, Sandaur, SBAS, Khalsa College, Sandaur, Distt. Sangrur (Punjab) (India) Distt. Sangrur (Punjab) (India) (LM 2000) (SIS Library Membership No. 29) (LM 2000) (SIS Library Membership No. 29) Principal Principal ST. Xavier’s College, Mapusa, ST. Xavier’s College, Mapusa, Goa-403507 Goa-403507 Email:xavierscollege@sancharnet.in Email:xavierscollege@sancharnet.in Tel:91-832-2262356(O), Tel:91-832-2262356(O), 2293305( Principal Residence) 2293305( Principal Residence) (SIS Library Membership No. 38) (SIS Library Membership No. 38) Principal, Principal, Dr. Uttam Rudrawar, Ph.D. Dr. Uttam Rudrawar, Ph.D. Smt. Vatsalabai Naik Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Smt. Vatsalabai Naik Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Talab Lay0ut, PUSAD, Talab Lay0ut, PUSAD, Dist: Yavatmal- -445204 (Maharastra) Dist: Yavatmal- -445204 (Maharastra) Tel: 46115 (W), 46124(H) Tel: 46115 (W), 46124(H) Email: Email: smtvnmmv@rediffmail.com smtvnmmv@rediffmail.com (SIS Library Membership No. 31) (SIS Library Membership No. 31) Principal, Principal, Arya Mahila Degree College, Arya Mahila Degree College, Chetganj varanasi-221001 Chetganj varanasi-221001 Tel:91-542-2411893 (LM 2006) Tel:91-542-2411893 (LM 2006) (SIS Library Membership No. 36) (SIS Library Membership No. 36) 86 Membership Directory

Principal, Principal, Sree Narayana Guru College Sree Narayana Guru College N.H. 47, K.G. Chavadi, N.H. 47, K.G. Chavadi, Coimbatore-641105 (Tamilnadu, India) Coimbatore-641105 (Tamilnadu, India) Ph.: 91-422-2656371, 91-422-2656527 Ph.: 91-422-2656371, 91-422-2656527 (SIS Library Membership No. 34) (SIS Library Membership No. 34) Principal Principal Vaidyaratnam P. S. Varier Ayurveda College Vaidyaratnam P. S. Varier Ayurveda College Kottakkal, P. O. : Edarikode, Kottakkal, P. O. : Edarikode, Distt. — Malappuram Distt. — Malappuram Kerala — 676501 Kerala — 676501 (SIS Library Membership No. 42) (SIS Library Membership No. 42) Principal Principal Vrundavan Institute of Nursing Education Vrundavan Institute of Nursing Education College of Nursing College of Nursing Pitruchaya Near Sai Service, Pitruchaya Near Sai Service, Porvorim, Bardez, Goa — 403501 Porvorim, Bardez, Goa — 403501 (SIS Library Membership No. 43) (SIS Library Membership No. 43) Prints India, Prints House, Prints India, Prints House, 11 Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002 11 Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002 Fax: 23275542, Fax: 23275542, Tel: 91-11-23268645, 23257864, Tel: 91-11-23268645, 23257864, (SIS Library Membership No. 32)

(SIS Library Membership No. 32)

Surya Infotainment Products Pvt Ltd. Surya Infotainment Products Pvt Ltd. Subscription Department, Subscription Department, 91, Mahatma Gandhi Road, 91, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bangalore-560001 Bangalore-560001 Email: Email: sipmag@touchtelindia.net sipmag@touchtelindia.net (SIS Library Membership No. 35) (SIS Library Membership No. 35) Librarian, Librarian, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119 Kurukshetra-136119 (SIS Library Membership No.40)

(SIS Library Membership No.40)

Librarian, Librarian, Maharshi Dayanand University Library , Maharshi Dayanand University Library , Rohtak -124 001 (Haryana) Rohtak -124 001 (Haryana) (SIS Library Membership No.39)

(SIS Library Membership No.39)

Shakti Mishra, Shakti Mishra, Library-in-charge Library-in-charge Sahara Behaviour Change Communication Center, Sahara Behaviour Change Communication Center, 240 F, Basarat pur east, 240 F, Basarat pur east, B.R.D. Medical College Road B.R.D. Medical College Road Gorakhpur 273001(UP) Gorakhpur 273001(UP) Tel: 91-551-2283305(O); 9335227310, Tel: 91-551-2283305(O); 9335227310, Email : swfbccgkp@rediffmail.com Email : swfbccgkp@rediffmail.com Email:shak_mishra77@rediffmail.com Email:shak_mishra77@rediffmail.com (SIS Library Membership No.41) (SIS Library Membership No.41) C: Free Distribution C: Free Distribution The Registrar of Newspapers for India The Registrar of Newspapers for India West Block-8, Wing No.2, R.K.Puram, West Block-8, Wing No.2, R.K.Puram, New Delhi-110066 New Delhi-110066 Operation Co-ordinator Operation Co-ordinator PsycINFO, American Psychological Association PsycINFO, American Psychological Association P.O. Box : 91600, Washington, P.O. Box : 91600, Washington, DC 20090-1600 (USA) DC 20090-1600 (USA) The District Magistrate, The District Magistrate, Ranchi Ranchi Documentation Offi cer, Documentation Offi cer, Indian Council of Social Science Research Indian Council of Social Science Research INU Institutional Area, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, INU Institutional Area, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, Post Box No. 10528, New Delhi -110067 (India) Post Box No. 10528, New Delhi -110067 (India) Rekha Mittal, Rekha Mittal, Scientist- E1, Scientist- E1, Indian National Scientifi c Documentation Centre, Indian National Scientifi c Documentation Centre, 14, Satsang Vihar Marg, 14, Satsang Vihar Marg, New Delhi-110067 New Delhi-110067 Assistant Librarian, Assistant Librarian, English Section, National Library, English Section, National Library, Belvedore Road, Calcutta Belvedore Road, Calcutta Librarian Librarian National Medical Library National Medical Library Ansari Road, New Delhi Ansari Road, New Delhi B.N. Puhan, B.N. Puhan, Ph.D., Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751004, ( Orissa) Bhubaneswar-751004, ( Orissa) Swami Nirmalanand Saraswati, Swami Nirmalanand Saraswati, Director YRF, Bihar Yoga Bharati, Director YRF, Bihar Yoga Bharati, Ganga Darshan, Fort, Ganga Darshan, Fort, Munger - 811201, (Bihar) Munger - 811201, (Bihar) The Editor, The Editor, Psychology and Developing Societies, Psychology and Developing Societies, Dept. of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Dept. of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002 Allahabad-211002 Telefax: 91-532-2461358, Telefax: 91-532-2461358, Email: editors@indiasage.com Email: editors@indiasage.com The Editor, The Editor, Personality study and Group Behavior, Personality study and Group Behavior, Dept. of Psychology,Guru Nanak Dev University, Dept. of Psychology,Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005 Amritsar-143005 Consultant: Consultant: John Baby, John Baby, Ph.D. Ph.D. Professor and Head,Dept of Psychology,Calicut Professor and Head,Dept of Psychology,Calicut University, University, CALICUT Tel: 91-4942403238 -4942403238 Membership Directory 87

Vinay K. Jain, Vinay K. Jain, CA, CA, Jain Vinay Kumar & Co., Jain Vinay Kumar & Co., 1280,Vakilpura, Delhi-110006 1280,Vakilpura, Delhi-110006 Tel. : 91-11-23267440(W)Mob.: 9868109 Tel. : 91-11-23267440(W)Mob.: 9868109259 (LM 99) 259 (LM 99) K. V. Kaliappan K. V. Kaliappan, Ph.D. , Ph.D. 48, 8th Cross Street, Shenoy Nagar, 48, 8th Cross Street, Shenoy Nagar, Chennai--600030 (India) Chennai--600030 (India) Tel. : 91-44-26260571 (H) Tel. : 91-44-26260571 (H) A. K. Keshary, A. K. Keshary, Ph.D., Ph.D., Chartered Accountant Chartered Accountant B-6, Brijenclave Colony, Sunderpur, B-6, Brijenclave Colony, Sunderpur, Varanasi-221005 Varanasi-221005 Nilanjana Sanyal, Nilanjana Sanyal, Ph.D. Ph.D. Professor, Department of Psychology Professor, Department of Psychology University of Calcutta University of Calcutta 92 A. P. C Road, Kolkata-700009 92 A. P. C Road, Kolkata-700009 Email: sanyal_nilanjana2004@rediffmai.com Email: sanyal_nilanjana2004@rediffmai.com Tel:91-33-24642083, Cell: 91-9830112145 Tel:91-33-24642083, Cell: 91-9830112145 A. K. Srivastava, . K. Srivastava, Ph.D. Ph.D. 7/105B, Durga Niwas, Swaroop Nagar, 7/105B, Durga Niwas, Swaroop Nagar, Kanpur-208002 Kanpur-208002 Cell:9415429024 Cell:9415429024 M. S. Thimmappa, M. S. Thimmappa, Ph.D. Ph.D. 49, 5th Main, Anjaneyanagar, Banashankari 3rd Stage, 49, 5th Main, Anjaneyanagar, Banashankari 3rd Stage, Bangalore-560085 (India) Bangalore-560085 (India) Tel.: 91-80-26692075 (H) Tel.: 91-80-26692075 (H) Yasho V. Verma, Yasho V. Verma, Ph.D. Ph.D. Vice President-HR & MS, LG Electronics India (P)Ltd., Vice President-HR & MS, LG Electronics India (P)Ltd., Plot No. 51, Udyog Vihar, Plot No. 51, Udyog Vihar, Surajpur-Kasna Road, Surajpur-Kasna Road, Greater Noida-201306 U.P., (India) Greater Noida-201306 U.P., (India) Tel. : 91-11-9124569635, 24560900-940, Tel. : 91-11-9124569635, 24560900-940, E-Mail : E-Mail : yvverma@lgeil.com yvverma@lgeil.com FM = Fellow Member , LM = Life Member, FM = Fellow Member , LM = Life Member, M = Member M = Member 88 Membership Directory

Important Announcement Dr. Amool Ranjan Singh, Ph.D., Professor and Head, Department of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi - 834 006 (India) E-mail : sisamool@yahoo.com editor_sis@rediffmail.com has taken charge of the office of Editor In Chief SIS JOURNAL OF PROJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY & MENTAL HEALTH From January 2006 Institutional Members (Libraries of National and International Universities) are requested to send their Annual Subscription/Dues to Dr. Amool Ranjan Singh, Ph.D., Professor and Head, Department of Clinical Psychology, Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Kanke, Ranchi - 834 006 (India) The Subscription Cheque should be made in favour of “SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health” payable at Ranchi (India)

SOMATIC INKBLOT SOCIETY IS PUBLISHING ITS JOURNAL SIS JOURNAL OF PROJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY & MENTAL HEALTH a half yearly publication in January and July. It started in 1994 and has published 29 issues in 15 years. The Journal is available on Society’s Web Site at http: //www.somaticinkblots.com The Journal from Volume 1-16 is available in C D (Acrobat and Page Maker) Members of Somatic Inkblot Society can get it on a nominal payment of US $50 (for Overseas Members) and Rs.1500/- (for Indian Members). The Individual and Institutional Members of Somatic Inkblot Society/ SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health Can get the current issue and future issues of the Journal through Electronic mail free of charge Please indicate if you wish to get the Journal in Hard Copy or through Electronic mail To: Bankey L. Dubey, Ph.D., DPM, Editor Emeritus, SIS J. of Proj. Psy. & Mental Health, E-mail : sisdubey@rediffmail.com E-mail : sisdubey@yahoo.com E-mail : bldubey@gmail.com Web Site at http: //www.somaticinkblots.com OR Wilfred A. Cassell, M.D., FAPA. Director SIS Centre Editor Emeritus, SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health, 4501 E, 104th Avenue, Anchorage, Alaska - 99516 (USA). Email: siscassell2@yahoo.com

THE SOMATIC INKBLOT SOCIETY I wish to be a Member __________ a Life Member ________ of the Somatic Inkblot Society. Please submit this request to the Membership Committee. NAME _______________________________________________________Birth date __________ (Print or type) First Middle Last __________________________________________Zip ____________________________________ Business/Office Address : __________________________________________________________ _____________________Tel. : (W)__________________________H)________________________ EDUCATION Degree Year Institution Major Field of Study EMPLOYMENT : Current position, employer, dates (Graduate Students indicate area of study and degree toward which you are working). MEMBERSHIP : __________________________________________________________________ TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE IN PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT : SPONSOR (S) Name Address Telephone 1._________________________________________________________________________________ 2._________________________________________________________________________________ SIS subscription payable every year in January through Cash/Cheque at par/Demand Draft in favour of “SIS Jr of Proj Psy and Ment Health” payable at Ranchi. I certify that the information provided above is accurate and correct. An APPLICATION FEE Cheque is enclosed for Foreign Members $50 & Life Membership $ 400. For Members in India Rs. 300/- & Life Membership Rs. 2500/- Institutional Membership Rs. 1000/- Institutional Life Membership Rs. 10000/- Total Cheque $/Rs.__________________Drawn at_________________________ Signature of applicant : __________________________ Date :________________ PLEASE RETURN with your cheque to : Dr. Amool R. Singh,Ph.D. Prof. & Head, Dept. of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi-834006 (India). Foreign members send their subscription cheque to B.L. Dubey, Ph.D. Editor Emeritus, 4406 Forest Road, Anchorage, AK-99517 (USA). N.B. : Please add Rs. 50 ($10) as one time registration fee; and Rs. 70 ($10 foreign Member) if you are sending subscription through out station cheque.

PROFESSIONAL QUALITY VHS VIDEOTAPES (SPECIFY NTSC, PAL OR SECAM), AS WELL AS AUDIO TAPES AND TRANSCRIPTS OF INTERVIEWS ARE AVAILABLE FOR TEACHING/CLINICAL PURPOSE. Police case—”Witnessing an Accident” Vietnam Veteran — “Unresolved Guilt” Therapeutic Dream Stimulation Anniversary Reaction to Miscarriage Grieving a Still Birth : Conversion Reaction Fear of Cancer and Hypochondriasis (includes Rorschach imagery) Alcohol and Cocaine Dependent : Father/Son Incest : Teen-age Alaska Native’s Death by Gas Inhalation Suicide Behaviour in Adolescent Alaska Native Nightmare Vision (Sexually Abused Adolescent Girl and Absence of Father Figures in Black Adolescent Boy) Auschwitz Revisited Neuropsychological Reactions to Life Threatening Accident & SIS Occupational Stress and the SIS The use of the SIS as an Aid in Meditation while Grieving a Miscarriage SIS-Video (A&B Series), SIS-II Images in CD, SIS-I Videotape and SIS-Living Images A Walk Through The Garden of Life and many more, Audio & Videotapes SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health in C D (Acrobat and Page Maker) from Volume 1-16 Contact : SIS Centre, 4501 E, 104th Avenue, Anchorage, Alaska - 99516 (USA). E-mail : siscassell2@yahoo.com OR sisdubey@rediffmail.com Web Site : http://www.somaticinkblots.com for getting the above material

ANNOUNCEMENT The Somatic Inkblot Society is a Non-Profit International Organization with headquarters in India. The Indian Govt. has recognized it as a Corporation for Income Tax purposes where relief is given to donators and advertisers under section 80G of Income Tax. In America, a comparable non-profit organization similarly named the Somatic Inkblot Society gives Income Tax relief for residents of the United States. Please help the Society by Donation/Advertisement for it’s smooth functioning. President, Somatic Inkblot Society APPEAL Members of Somatic Inkblot Society are requested to kindly send their Annual dues before the 31st of January each year to : Amool Ranjan Singh, Ph. D. Prof. & Head, Dept. of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi-834006 (India). E-mail: sisamool@yahoo.com Tel. : 91-651-2233687(H), Mob.: 91-9431592734, The Subscription Cheque should be made in favour of “SIS Jr of Proj Psy and Ment Health” payable at Ranchi (India)

STATEMENT SHOWING OWNERSHIP AND OTHER PARTICULARS ABOUT SIS JOURNAL OF PROJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH PLACE OF PUBLICATION : Dept. of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS,Kanke,Ranchi-834006. India PERIODICITY OF PUBLICATION : Half Yearly EDITOR’S PRINTER’S Name : Amool Ranjan Singh PUBLISHER’S NATIONALITY : Indian ADDRESS : Dept. of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS,Kanke,Ranchi-834006. India OWNER : SOMATIC INKBLOT SOCIETY I, Dr. Amool Ranjan Singh, hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. Sd/ Dr. Amool Ranjan Singh, Editor-in-Chief SIS Journal of Projective Psychology and Mental Health Published by Dr. Amool Ranjan Singh on behalf of Somatic Inkblot Society at Annapurna Press & Process, Opp. Big Bazar, 5, Main Road, Ranchi-834 002, Jharkhand (India), Ph. : 2331800 Editor-in-Chief : Amool Ranjan Singh

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